Exercise 2A

a ( x1 , y1 )
1= (=
4, 2 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) ( 6,8 )
 x + x y1 + y2   4 + 6 2 + 8   10 10 
So  1 2 , =   ,
=  = ,  ( 5,5)
 2 2   2 2   2 2

b ( x1 , y1 )
= 0, 6 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) (12, 2 )
(=
 x + x y1 + y2   0 + 12 6 + 2   12 8 
So  1 2 , =   ,=  = ,  ( 6, 4 )
 2 2   2 2   2 2

c
( x1 , y1 ) = ( 2, 2 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) = ( −4, 6 )
 x + x y + y   2 + ( −4 ) 2 + 6   −2 8 
So 1 2 , 1 2 =
   ,  , =
= ( −1, 4 )
 2 2   2 2   2 2

d ( x1 , y1 ) =
( −6, 4 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) =
( 6, −4 )
 x + x y + y2   −6 + 6 4 + ( −4 )  0 0
So 1 2 , 1=
   , =  =,  ( 0, 0 )
 2 2   2 2  2 2

e ( 7, −4 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) =
( x1 , y1 ) = ( −3, 6 )
 x + x y + y2   7 + ( −3) −4 + 6  4 2
So 1 2 , 1=
   , =  =,  ( 2,1)
 2 2   2 2  2 2

f
( x1 , y1 ) =( −5, −5) , ( x2 , y2 ) =( −11,8)
 x + x y + y   −5 + ( −11) −5 + 8   −16 3   3
So 1 2 , 1 2 =
   , =   ,  =  −8, 
 2 2   2 2   2 2  2

g
( x1 , =
y1 ) ( 6a, 4b ) , ( x2 , =
y2 ) ( 2a, −4b )

 x + x y1 + y2   6a + 2a 4b + ( −4b )   8a 0 
So  1 2 , =   , =  = ,  ( 4a, 0 )
 2 2   2 2   2 2

h ( −4u, 0 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) =
( x1 , y1 ) = ( 3u, −2v )
 x + x y + y2   −4u + 3u 0 + ( −2v )   −u 
So 1 2 , 1 =
   , =   , −v 
 2 2   2 2   2 

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 1 i
( x1 , y1 ) = ( a + b, 2a − b ) , ( x2 , y2 ) = ( 3a − b, −b )
 x + x y + y2   a + b + 3a − b 2a − b + ( −b )   4a 2a − 2b 
So  1 2 , 1 =   , =   , =  ( 2a, a − b )
 2 2   2 2   2 2 

=
j
( x1 , y1 ) = ( )
4 2,1 , ( x2 , y2 ) 2 2, 7 ( )
 x + x y1 + y2   4 2 + 2 2 1 + 7  6 2 8
So  1 2 =
 2
,  
2   2
= , 
2 
=
2
, 
2
(3 2, 4 )


k ( x1 , y1 ) = ( )
2 − 3,3 2 + 4 3 , ( x2 , y2 ) = (3 2 + 3, − 2 + 2 3 )
 
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2   2 − 3 + 3 2 + 3 3 2 + 4 3 + − 2 + 2 3 
So  , ,
( )
=
 2 2   2 2 
 
4 2 2 2 +6 3 
=  , 
 2 2 
= (2 2, 2 + 3 3 )
2 A(−2, 5) and B(a, b), midpoint M(4, 3)
x +x y +y 
Midpoint =  1 2 , 1 2 
 2 2 
 −2 + a 5 + b 
(4, 3) =  , 
 2 2 
−2 + a 5+b
4= and 3 =
2 2
a = 10 and b = 1

3
( x1 , y1 ) =
( −4, 6 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) =
( 7,8)
 x + x y1 + y2   −4 + 7 6 + 8   3 14   3 
So  1 2 , =   ,
=  = ,   ,7
 2 2   2 2  2 2  2 
3 
The centre is  , 7  .
2 

4a −3b   2a 5b 
4
= ( x1 , y1 ) = ,  , ( x2 , y2 )  , 
 5 4   5 4 
 4a 2a −3b 5b   6a 2b 
+ + 
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2   5 5 , =4 4  5 4   3a b 
So  ,
=    = ,   , 
 2 2   2 2   2 2   5 4
 3a b 
The centre is  ,  .
 5 4

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2
5 a A(−3, −4) and B(6, 10)
 x + x y + y   −3 + 6 −4 + 10   3 
centre of circle = midpoint =  1 2 , 1 2  =  ,  =  ,3 
 2 2   2 2  2 

b y = 2x
3 3 3
When x = , y = 2( ) = 3, therefore the centre of the circle ( ,3) lies on the line
2 2 2
y = 2x.

3 4  1 
6 J  ,  and K  − , 2 
4 3  2 

centre of circle = midpoint = 

1 4
( )
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2   4 + − 2 3 + 2   1 5 
3

, = , = , 
 2 2   2 2  8 3
y = 8x + b
1 5 5 1
At  , = , 8  + b
8 3 3 8
2
b=
3

7 ( x1 , y1 ) =
( 0, −2 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) =
( 6, −5)
 x + x y + y   0 + 6 −2 + ( −5 )   6 −7   7
So  1 2 , 1 2=   , =  , =  3, − 
 2 2   2 2  2 2   2
7
−
Substitute x = 3 and y = 2 into x – 2y – 10 = 0:
7
( 3) − 2  −  − 10 =3 + 7 − 10 =0
 2
So the centre is on the line x – 2y – 10 = 0.

8
( x1 , y1=) ( a, b ) , ( x2 , y2=) ( 2, −3)
The centre is (6, 1) so

 a + 2 b + ( −3) 
 ,  = ( 6,1)
 2 2 
a+2
=6
2
a+2 = 12
a = 10
b + ( −3)
=1
2
b−3
=1
2
b−3 = 2
b=5
The coordinates of G are (10, 5).

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9
( x1 , =
y1 ) ( p, q ) , ( x2 , y=
2) ( 3a, −7a )
The centre is (–2a, 5a) so
 p + 3a q + ( −7 a ) 
 ,  = ( −2a,5a )
 2 2 
p + 3a
= −2a
2
p + 3a = −4a
p = −7 a
q + ( −7 a )
= 5a
2
q − 7a
= 5a
2
q − 7a = 10a
q = 17 a
The coordinates of C are (–7a, 17a).

10 ( x1 , y1 )
= (=
3, p ) , ( x2 , y2 ) ( q, 4 ) so
 3+ q p + 4 
 ,  = ( 5, 6 )
 2 2 
3+ q
=5
2
3+ q = 10
q=7
p+4
=6
2
p+4= 12
p =8
so= p 8,=q 7

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11 ( x1, y1 ) =
( −4, 2a ) , ( x2 , y2 ) =
( 3b, −4 )
so
 −4 + 3b 2a − 4 
 ,  = ( b, 2 a )
 2 2 
−4 + 3b
=b
2
− 4 + 3b = 2b
− 4 =−b
b=4
2a − 4
= 2a
2
2a − 4 = 4a
−4= 2a
a = −2
so a = −2, b =
4

Challenge

a B(7, 11) and C(p, q). Midpoint of BC is M(8, 5)

x +x y +y 
Midpoint =  1 2 , 1 2 
 2 2 
 7 + p 11 + q 
(8, 5) =  , 
 2 2 
7+ p 11 + q
8= and 5 =
2 2
p = 9 and q = −1

b A(3, 5) and B(7, 11)

 3 + 7 5 + 11 
Midpoint AB = =  ,  = (5, 8)
 2 2 
Equation of line joining (5, 8) and M(8, 5):
y −8 x −5
=
5−8 8−5
y − 8 =−( x − 5)
y =− x + 13

y2 − y1 (−1) − 5
c Gradient of line AC = = = −1
x2 − x1 9−3
The gradient of the line y = −x + 13 is −1. The two gradients are equal so the two lines
are parallel.

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5