3.3.

Nonlinear Elastic Isotropic Stress-Strain Relation 153

that the condition of symmetry of the matrix of elastic coefficients is similar

to imposing the restriction (3.117) for Green elastic material.
For the stress cyc1e OACBO, 0 is given by

0= f (El dU l + E2 d(2) (3.126)

where the integration is extended over the complete cyc1e. This equation
can be written as

0= f (ur,u;)
(El dUl + E2 d(2) along Path 1
(0,0)

+f
(O'O)

(El dU l + E2 d(2) along Path 2

(ut.<T~)

The first part yields the same expression as 0(1) in Eq. (3.124). The second
part gives the expression for 0(2) in Eq. (3.125) with a negative sign. The
net value of 0 for the complete cyc1e is
(3.127)
Depending on the values of a\2 and a21, the net complementary energy
may be positive or negative (note that the term Eij dUij in the definition of
o may be viewed as the rate of work done by stress increments dUij on
strains Eij, and this work is regarded as energy stored in the body). Thus,
during the deformation process in the complete stress cyc1e, the material
model described by the stress-strain relations (3.123) may dissipate or
generate energy, the latter in violation of the laws of thermodynamics. For
a symmetric elastic coefficients matrix (a\2 = a 21 ), the net value of 0 for the
complete cyc1e is zero, and full recovery of complementary energy upon
complete unloading is ensured. For isotropic linear elastic material, the
matrix [C] in Eqs. (3.99) and (3.101) is symmetric, and thus 0 in this case
is path independent.

3.3.2. Nonlinear Elastie Isotropie Stress-Strain Relationships

Based On Funetions W and n
For an isotropic elastic material, the strain energy density W [Eq. (3.112)]
can be express ed in terms of any three independent invariants of the strain
tensor Eij. Choosing the three invariants I;, n,
and l~ defined below, W
is written as
W = w(l;, l~, l~) (3.128)
where l;, n, and l~ are given by
I; = Ekk

(3.129)