TUTORIAL 4 : TURBOMACHINERY

PUMP AND TURBINE

1. Discuss the differences between fans, blowers, and compressors.

2. List examples of fans, blowers, and compressors

3. Discuss the difference between a positive-displacement turbomachine and a dynamic

turbomachine.

4. List and define the three categories of dynamic pumps.

5. Discuss ways to improve the cavitation performance of a pump, based on the equation for
NPSH.

6. Discuss why turbines have higher efficiencies than pumps.

7. Discuss the classification of dynamic pumps and reaction turbines.

8. Discuss the meaning and purpose of draft tubes

9. Name and describe the two types of dynamic turbine.

10. Discuss a water meter from the point of view of a piping system.

11. Discuss the definition and usefulness of a pump-turbine.

TURBINE AND PUMP

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1. For the “sprinkler turbine’’ of Fig. below, let R = 18 cm, with total flow rate of 14 m /h
of water at 20°C. If the nozzle exit diameter is 8 mm, estimate (a) the maximum power
delivered in W and (b) the appropriate rotation rate in r/min.
2. Water is supplied to an axial flow turbine under a total head of 35 m. The mean diameter
of the runner is 2 m and it rotates at 145 rev/min. Water leaves the guide vanes at 30 to
the direction of runner rotation and at mean radius the angle of the runner blade at outlet
is 28. If 7 per cent of the total head is lost in the casing and guide vanes and the relative
velocity is reduces by 8 percent due to friction in the runner, determine
a) the blade angle at inlet (at mean radius) [Ans:  = 62.2]
b) the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine [Ans : 81.1%]

3. In an inward-flow reaction turbine, the supply head is 12 m and the maximum discharge
is 0.28 m3/s. External diameter = 2 x (internal diameter) and the velocity of flow is
constant and equal to 0.15(2gH). The runner vanes are radial at inlet and the runner
rotates at 300 rev/min. Determine
a) The guide vane angle [Ans:  = 1320’]
b) The vane angle at exit for radial discharge [Ans: 2 = 2520’]
c) The widths of the runner at inlet and exit. The vane occupy 10 percent of the
circumference and the hydraulic efficiency is 80 per cent. [Ans: 69.6 mm]

4. A Pelton wheel driven by two similar jet transmits 3750 kW to the shaft when running at
375 rev/min. The head from the reservoir level to the nozzle is 200 m and the efficiency
of power transmission through the pipelines and nozzles is 90 percent. The jets are
tangential to a 1.45 m diameter circle. The relative velocity decreases by 10 percent as
the water traverse the buckets, which are so shaped that they would, if stationary, deflect
the jet through 165. Neglecting windage losses, find
a) The efficiency of the runner [Ans: 93.3 per cent]
b) The diameter of each jet [Ans: 0.157 m]

5. A piston PDP has a 5-in diameter and a 2-in stroke and operates at 750 rpm with 92%
volumetric efficiency.
(a) What is the delivery, in gal/min? [Q = 117 gal/min]
(b) If the pump delivers SAE 10W oil at 20°C against a head of 50 ft, what horsepower is
required when the overall efficiency is 84%? [Ans: 1.54 hp]

6. A centrifugal pump delivers 550 gal/min of water at 20°C when the brake horsepower is
22 and the efficiency is 71%.
(a) Estimate the head rise in ft and the pressure rise in psi. [Ans: 112 ft]
(b) Also estimate the head rise and horsepower if instead the delivery is 550 gal/min of
gasoline at 20°C. [Ans: 49 psi]

7. A pump delivers 1500 L/min of water at 20°C against a pressure rise of 270 kPa. Kinetic
and potential energy changes are negligible. If the driving motor supplies 9 kW, what is
the overall efficiency? [Ans: 75%]
8. In a test of the pump in the figure below, the data are: p = 100 mmHg (vacuum), p =
1 2
500 mmHg (gage), D = 12 cm, and D = 5 cm. The flow rate is 180 gal/min of light oil
1 2
(SG = 0.91). Estimate
(a) the head developed; and [Ans: 11.3 m]
(b) the input power at 75% efficiency. [Ans: 1520 W]

9. A centrifugal pump has d = 7 in, d = 13 in, b = 4 in, b = 3 in, β = 25°, and β = 40°
1 2 1 2 1 2
and rotates at 1160 r/min. If the fluid is gasoline at 20°C and the flow enters the blades
radially, estimate the theoretical
(a) flow rate in gal/min, [Ans: 10 ft3/s]
(b) horsepower, and [Ans: 82 hp]
(c) head in ft. [Ans: 106 ft]

10. An axial flow pump operates at 700 rpm. The outer diameter of the impeller is 750 mm
and the hub diameter is 500 mm. at the mean blade radius, the inlet blade angle is 15 o and
the outlet blade angle is 18o both measured with respect to the plane of impeller rotation.
Sketch the corresponding velocity diagrams at inlet and outlet and determine;
a) The head generated by the pump,
b) The rate of flow through the pump, and
c) The shaft power consumed by the pump if the overall efficiency of the pump is
70%.

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11. A pump delivers gasoline at 20°C and 12 m /h. At the inlet, p = 100 kPa, z = 1 m, and
1 1
V = 2 m/s. At the exit p = 500 kPa, z = 4 m, and V = 3 m/s. How much power is
1 2 2 2
required if the motor efficiency is 75%? [Ans: 1870 W]

12. Mixed-flow pump at BEP (=0.85) has D = 4 mm, and delivers Q = 1.20 kg/m 3s at H =
50 m when operating at N = 1500 rpm.
a) calculate the specific speed of this pump [Ans: 1.65]
 b) estimate the required power input [Ans: 691 kW]

13. An axial-flow pump delivers 40 ft3/s of air which enters at 20C and 1 atm. The flow
passage has a 10-in outer radius and an 8-in inner radius. Blade angles are 1=60 and
2=70, and the rotor runs at 1800 rpm. For the first stage, compute
a) The head rise [Ans: 410 ft]
b) The power required [Ans: 2.24 hp]

14. An idealized radial turbine is shown in Fig. below. The absolute flow enters at 25 with
the blade angles as shown. The flow rate is 8 m3/s of water at 20C. The blade thickness is
constant at 20 cm. Compute the theoretical power developed at 100% efficiency. [Ans:
800 kW]

15. A centrifugal pump rotates at  = 750 rpm. Water enters the impeller normal to the blades
(1=0) and exits at an angle of (2=35). The inlet radius is r1=12.0 cm, at which the
blade width b1 = 18.0 cm. The outlet radius is r2= 24.0 cm, at which the blade width b2 =
16.2 cm. The volume flow rate is 0.573 m3/s. Assuming 100 percent efficiency, calculate
the net head produced by this pump in cm of water column height. Also calculate the
required brake horsepower in W. [Ans: 3.16 m, 17.7 kW]

16. A Pelton wheel is used to produce hydroelectric power. The average radius of the wheel is
1.83 m, and the jet velocity is 102 m/s from a nozzle of exit diameter equal to 10.0 cm.
The turning angle of the buckets is  = 165.
a) Calculate the volume flow rate through the turbine in m3/s. [Ans : 0.801 m3/s]
b) What is the optimum rotation rate in rpm of the wheel for maximum power.
[Ans : 266 rpm]
c) Calculate the output shaft power in MW if the efficiency of the turbine is 82 percent.
[Ans : 3.35 MW]