DESIGN OF DRIVE FOR SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR

USING FREQUENCY CONTROL METHOD

Aim:

To control the speed of the induction motor using frequency control method and by
maintaining the speed constant by implementing closed loop technique.

Introduction:

The electric drive systems used in many industrial applications require higher
performance, reliability, variable speed due to its ease of controllability. The speed control of
Induction motor is very crucial in applications where precision and protection are of essence.
Purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the required speed and to
drive a motor at the desired speed.

Microcontrollers can provide easy control over Induction motor. Microcontroller based
speed control system consist of electronic component, microcontroller and the LCD. In this
paper, implementation of the AT89S52 microcontroller for speed control of Induction motor fed
through cyclo converter has been investigated. The converter is driven using controlled switches
(SCR’s). Controlling the duty cycle of SCR’s is equivalent to controlling the input frequency
applied at motor terminal, which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed.

This work is a practical one and high feasibility according to economic point of view and
accuracy. In this work, development of hardware and software of the closed loop induction
motor speed control system have been explained and illustrated. The desired objective is to
achieve a system with the constant speed at any load condition.

The major building blocks of the projects are:

1. Power supply section

2. Controller section
3. Display section
4. Driver ic section
5. Speed sensing unit
 Whenever the 230v ac supply is connected to the step down transformer the transformer
steps down the voltage to the 12v ac. This is converted into pulsating dc by the bridge rectifier
formed by connecting the 1n4007 diodes. The output of diodes is connected across the 1000uf
35v capacitor to filter the ripples in the pulsating dc. This pure dc is connected to the 7805
voltage regulator IC. The voltage regulator IC gives the regulated 5v output. This 5v pure
regulated dc is used in the circuits.

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K

bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51
instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed
in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit
CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a
powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications.

As soon as the power is on the controller will take the data from the key pad and it will
generate the required pulses for the cyclo converter which controls the input frequency to the
induction motor so as to rotate at set speed. Now the speed of the motor is measured by using
infrared led’s. This speed is displayed on the LCD and the PWM of the controller is varied
according to the difference between the reference or the selected speed and the measured speed.
This makes the speed of the motor to be constant even if the load on the motor is increased.

ADVANTAGES:

1) Wide range of operation

2) Speed is accurate
3) Simple control scheme
4) The speed is constant which means it will not vary even by varying the load.

APPLICATIONS:

1) Used in industries for variable speed applications

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

POWER 1 PHASE
SUPPLY
SUPPLY

SCR
LOAD
BRIDGE

M
I DRIVER
C IC
RESET
R
O
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR C
O LCD

N
T
Switches
R
O
L
L
E
R
SOFTWARE TOOLS USED:

1. Embedded C programming language

2. KEIL IDE for writing the program for micro controller

3. FLASH MAGIC or PROLOAD for dumping

4. ORCAD to draw the schematic diagram

HARDWARE USED:

1. AT89s52 Micro Controller

2. power supply

3. Switches

4. LCD Display

5. SCRs

6. Driving circuit for SCR