CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

HYDRAULIC LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE DAC 21003

EXPERIMENT TITLE IMPACT OF JET

LECTURER’S NAME TS. IZAT BIN YAHAYA

14 May 2020
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

COMMENTS

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC

ASSESSMENT)
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 01
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: AUG. 2017
CENTRE
WELL TEST
OF DIPLOMA STUDIES
AMENDMENT DATE:
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATER TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

HYDRAULIC LABORATORY RUBRIC ASSESSMENT

CLO: Demonstrate the ability of using the appropriate engineering knowledge in conducting and
monitoring field and laboratory tests of surface and subsurface water technology.
(PLO2- P5) – 35%

Level of A

Very

No Students
mistakes mistakes while
Choose with
ls, but

Display a Most of Procedures

handling procedures procedures procedures
are
of

Most data All data

Measure All data Most data taken
minor data All data
taking missing
taken, correctly
with missing
missing

Respond
Able
Limited respond Able Unable
Respond ability to respond respond
answer to respond answer answer to
answer sometimes most of
to not match at all

Show the
discipline
follows Major Minor flaws Minor flaws Conform Conform to
rules to criteria, criteria, dress dress
minutes minutes code minor flaw
-Dress

Regulations
2
Total
Mark:
 STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not
accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader
MUHAMMAD IKMAL BIN ABDUL HADI
:
Name KAMEL
Matrix No. : AA180226

2) Group Member 1
Name : MUHAMMAD AIDIL BIN ISMAIL
Matrix No. : AA181278

3) Group Member 2
MUHAMMAD ADLI ARIFF BIN ABDUL
:
Name RAHMAN
Matrix No. : AA180126

4) Group Member 3
Name : NURUL FATIMAH BINTI HELMY
Matrix No. : AA180288

5) Group Member 4
Name : SITI ZULAIKHA BINTI JAMIL
Matrix No. : AA180017
1.0 INTRODUCTION

A jet of water is produced when water is fed to a vertical pipe terminating in a tapered nozzle.
The jet will impinge on a vane, of different shapes. Vanes usually used are flat plate, inclined
plate, curved plate and hemispherical cup. Equation used to determine the force of jet impact (Fy)
is given as:
Fy = Q ( Vy1 - Vy2 cos ) , Vy1 = initial velocity
Vy2 = final velocity (after impingement)
Q
where, V =
A

2.0 OBJECTIVE

-To verify theories of forces generated by impact of the jet on different shapes of vane.

3.0 PROCEDURES

1. First, the top plate and the transparent cylinder were took off. Then, the diameter of the
nozzle is measured. The flat plate is assembled to the lever that carries a jockey weight.
2. The top plate and cylinder are assembled to the apparatus. The supply pipe is connected
from the hydraulic bench to the inlet pipe of the apparatus.

Figure 3.1: Arrangement of apparatus

3. The apparatus is first levelled and the lever is set to a balanced position (as indicated by a
tally supported from it) by placing the jockey weight at its zero position, and then adjusting
the knurled nut above the spring.
 Figure 3.2: Jockey weight restrained by a light spring

4. Any force generated by impact of the jet on the vane is measured by moving the jockey
weight along the lever until the tally shows that it has been restored to its original balanced
position.
5. Nominal weight is placed on the lever first (it is suggested that initial weight and incremental
weight = 20g). Water is then admitted through the bench supply valve.
6. The force on the vane will displace the lever, which is then restored to its balanced position
by sliding the jockey weight along the lever. Then, the opening at the base of the hydraulic
bench is covered.

Figure 5.3: Move the jockey weight along the lever

7. The flow rate is recorded. Also, the weight on the lever is recorded.
8. Procedure (step 1 to 7) is repeated for 120o curved plate and hemispherical cup.
 4.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION

Information and equations for calculation:

Density of water ρ = 103 kg/m3
Diameter of nozzle = 10 mm
Cross-section area of nozzle, A = 78.5 mm2
Mass of jockey weight = 0.6 kg
Distance from centre of vane to pivot of lever = 0.15 m
Gravity acceleration, g = 9.81 ms– 2

1. Record the readings in the table below.

a) Flat plate
Distance of
Flow rate Q Q 2
jockey weight Ftheory = Fexp = 4gy
(m3/s) A
(m)

0.15 15.4 311.18 5.886

0.30 19.2 483.69 11.772

0.45 23.5 724.61 17.658

0.60 26.3 907.57 23.544

b) 1200 curved plate

Distance of
Flow rate Q 3 Q 2
jockey weight Ftheory = Fexp = 4gy
(m3/s) 2A
(m)
0.15 10.7 225.33 5.886

0.30 14.8 431.10 11.772

0.45 18.0 637.68 17.658

0.60 21.1 876.24 23.544

c) Hemispherical cup
Distance of
Flow rate Q 2 Q 2
jockey weight Ftheory = Fexp = 4gy
(m3/s) A
(m)

0.15 11.8 365.39 5.886

0.30 14.6 559.37 11.772

0.45 17.5 803.66 17.658

0.60 19.4 987.64 23.544

 5.0 QUESTIONS

1. Compare the value between theory value and experiment value.

From the calculations that have been made by using the formula for theory value and
experimental value, the result shows that theory value is bigger than experimental value.

2. From the result, comment on the value comparison

There were a few errors that might affect the data collected during the experiment. Firstly, the
condition of the instrument, hydraulic water pump bench. Poorly maintenance of the apparatus
can affect the stream off the water causing the irregular flow of the water. Presence of
impurities in the reservoir and fluid like dust disrupt the flow of water through both weirs. The
condition of the pump which produce a vibration throughout the bench also cause the water to
have an inconsistent flow throughout the experiment. Environmental factors that affect the
result of the experiment are running the experiment in a fan condition room cause the water
surface to ripple due to the air movement surrounding the environment. An air-conditioned
room is highly advised to run this experiment.

3. Give a conclusion for this test.

As the conclusion, the experiment that have been carried out were successful, even though the
data collected are a little bit difference compared to the experimental value. It can be concluded
that the greater surface area of vane, the larger force it can withstand by the plate.

6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

As the conclusion, the experiment that have been carried out were successful, even though the data
collected are a little bit difference compared to the experimental value. The difference between the
experimental value and the actual value may mainly due to human and servicing factors such as
parallax error. This error occurs during observer captured the value of the water level. This error may
occur because the water valve was not completely close during collecting the water. This may affect
the time taken for the water to be collected. The recommendation to overcome the error is ensure that
the position of the observer’s eye must be 90o perpendicular to the reading or the position. Then,
ensure that the apparatus functioning perfectly in order to get an accurate result. With the measurement
taken, it can lower to the minimum error and get accurate reading to avoid the great difference of
gradient of slope value. However, in this experiment we have success to prove that when the greater
surface area of vane, the larger the forces that can withstand by the plate.