Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to thank the Lord Almighty for his immense blessing
towards the successful completion of our mini project.

We would also like to extend our deepest gratitude to thank Dr. Somi Sebastian,
Principal, Sree Buddha College of Engineering. We would also like to thank Ms. R. Ramya,
Head of the Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering.

We would also like to thank our guide, Mr. Vishnu V.S, Asst. Professor in Electronics
and Communication Engineering and Ms. Sangeetha T.R, project coordinator for their
valuable suggestions and guidance during the various stages of this mini project.

We would also like to thank all the other members of Electronics and Communication
Engineering department, who helped us at various stages for the successful completion of the
mini project.

Last but not the least we would like to thank all our friends and family members for
their whole hearted support and encouragement.

KOSHY
MUHAMMED ASHIQUE

Dept. of ECE, SBCE i

Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

ABSTRACT

The mini project Microcontroller Based Automatic Periodic Bell uses AT89S52
microcontroller as its brain. This project is very useful in schools, colleges and educational /
academic institutions for automation of periodic class bell. This bell rings only at
preprogrammed timings. Using the DS1307 Real Time Clock chip, entire the calendar can be
programmed into the microcontroller. DS1307 is interfaced to the microcontroller for real
timing performance. A 3V battery can be connected to DS1307 to avoid time disturbances
caused by power failures. User can program the bell to ring the bell from morning to evening
and not to ring in after school hours. Keypad is provided for entering the required timings.
This keypad made this project user friendly. A 16X2 LCD display is provided to display the
alarm times and current time. Ringing time and bell delay is stored in memory. AT24C08
EEPROM is used as memory. Data stored remains in the memory even after power failure, as
the memory ensures reading of the latest saved settings by the micro controller. It can retain
data for more than ten years. Bell will ring at the specified time.

Dept. of ECE, SBCE ii

Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

NOMENCLATURE viii

1. INTRODUCTION 01

2. BLOCK DESCRIPTION 03
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 03

2.2 FUNCTIONS OF BLOCK 03

2.2.1 Microcontroller 03

2.2.2 Real Time Clock 03

2.2.3 Electrically Erasable and Programmable

Read Only Memory 04

2.2.4 LCD Display 04

2.2.5 Keypad 04

2.2.6 Relay 04

2.2.7 Buzzer 04

3. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 05
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 05

3.1.1 Automatic Bell 05

3.1.2 Power Supply 06

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Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

3.2 FUNCTIONS OF CIRCUIT 06

3.3 OPERATION 07

3.4 PCB LAYOUT 08

4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 09

4.1 COMPONENT LIST 09

4.2 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 10

4.2.1 AT89S52 (Micro-controller) 10

4.2.2 DS 1307 (Real Time Clock) 11

4.2.3 AT24C08 (Electrically Erasable and

Programmable Read-Only Memory) 12

4.2.4 16x2 LCD Display 13

4.2.5 ULN2003 (Driver IC) 15

4.2.6 LM 78xx (Voltage Regulator) 16

4.2.7 Crystal 17

4.2.8 Diode 18

4.2.9 LED (Light Emitting Diode) 18

4.2.10 Relay 19

4.2.11 4x3 Keypad 19

5. PCB MANUFACTURING PROCESS 20

5.1 BOARD TYPES 20

5.1.1 Single Sided Boards 20

5.1.2 Double Sided Boards 20

5.2 DESIGN SPECIFICATION 21

5.2.1 PCB Designing 21

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Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

5.2.2 Layout Design 21

5.2.3 Etching Process 22

5.2.4 Component Assembly 23

5.2.5 Soldering 24

6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 25

REFERENCES 26

APPENDIX A. SOURCE CODE

APPENDIX B. DATASHEET

Dept. of ECE, SBCE v

Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

2.1 Block diagram of automatic bell 03

3.1 Circuit diagram of automatic bell 05

3.2 Circuit diagram of power supply 06

3.3 PCB layout of automatic bell 08

4.1 Diagram of AT89S52 10

4.2 Diagram of DS1307 11

4.3 Diagram of AT24C08 12

4.4 Diagram of LCD 13

4.5 Diagram of ULN2003 15

4.6 Diagram of LM78xx 16

4.7 Diagram of Crystal 17

4.8 Diagram of Diode 18

4.9 Diagram of LED 18

4.10 Diagram of Relay 19

4.11 Diagram of 4x3 Keypad 19

Dept. of ECE, SBCE vi

Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. NAME OF TABLE PAGE NO.

4.1 List of components used in automatic bell 09

4.2 Pin description of AT89S52 11

4.3 Pin description of DS1307 12

4.4 Pin description of AT24C08 13

4.5 Pin description of 16*2 LCD 14

4.6 Pin description of ULN2003 16

Dept. of ECE, SBCE vii

Mini Project Report, March 2012 Automatic Bell

NOMENCLATURE

AC : ALTERNATING CURRENT

CMOS : COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUTOR

CPU : CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

DC : DIRECT CURRENT

EEPROM : ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE AND PROGRAMMABLE READ

ONLY MEMORY

GND : GROUND

LCD : LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

LED : LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

PCB : PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

RAM : RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

ROM : READ ONLY MEMORY

RTC : REAL TIME CLOCK

SRAM : STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

VCC : POWER SUPPLY

Dept. of ECE, SBCE viii