INTRODUCTION

OCCLUSION:

 Occlude means to “CLOSE”

 “The static relationship between the incising or masticating

surface of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth
analogues” (GPT 8)
 It is important to plan occlusal scheme prior to selection and
arrangement of artificial teeth
Requirements of complete denture occlusion:
Cutting,Penetrating and shearing efficiency of occlusal surface
Minimum occlusal contact areas
Reduced posterior cusp height to control horizontal forces
Reduced buccolingual width of posterior teeth to decrease forces
transmitted to residual ridge

Stability of occlusion at centric relation position and in area forward

and lateral to it

Stability of occlusion in centric and eccentric relations

Balanced occlusal contacts
Types of complete denture occlusion

 Balanced Occlusion

 Monoplane Occlusion

 Lingualized Occlusion
BALANCED OCCLUSION:-
“The bilateral,simultaneous,anterior and posterior
occlusal contact of teeth in centric and eccentric
positions” (GPT8)

 It is not seen in the natural teeth,if it occur in natural teeth it is considered as

premature contact on non working side and considered as pathologic

 It enhances the stability of denture

 Balance in complete denture is unique and man made

Types of balanced occlusion
1. Unilateral lever balance
2. Unilateral occlusal balance
3. Bilateral occlusal balance
4. Protrusive occlusal balance

Unilateral lever balance:-

This is present when there is equilibrium of the base on its supporting
structures when a bolus of food is interposed between the teeth on
one side and a space exist between the teeth on the opposite side
Bilateral occlusal balance
• This is present when there is equilibrium on both sides of denture due to simultaneous
contact of teeth in centric and eccentric occlusion

• It requires a minimum of a three contacts for establishing a plane of equilibrium,the

more the contacts the more assured equilibrium

Unilateral occlusal balance

This is present when the occlusal surfaces of teeth on

one side articulate simulataneously as a group with a
smooth uninterrupted glide
Protrusive occlusal balance
• This is present when the mandible moves essentially forward and the occlusal
contacts are smooth and simultaneous in the posterior both on right and left
sides and on anterior teeth

• It is slightly different from bilateral balance in that it it requires a minimum of

three contacts (one on each side posteriorly and one anteriorly)
Factors affecting balanced occlusion

1.Condylar Guidance

2.Incisal Guidance

3.Plane of Occlusion

4.Compensating Curves

5.Cuspal Inclination
1.Condylar Guidance
“The mechanical form located in the upper posterior region of an
articulator that controls movement of its mobile member (GPT8)”

Increase in condylar guidance will increase the jaw

separation during protrusion.this factor cannot be
modified,so in patients with steep condylar
guidance incisal guidance is decreased to prevent
the posterior jaw separation
2.Incisal Guidance
“The influence of the contacting surfaces of the mandibular
and maxillary anterior teeth on mandibular movements”
(GPT8)
Incisal guide angle:-The angle formed between horizontal plane of occlusion and a line drawn in
the sagittal plane between the incisal edge of the maxillary an mandibular central incisors when
the teeth are in maximum intercuspation

It is determined by dentist during anterior try in

it should never be greater than the condylar guidance

3.Plane of occlusion
“The average plane established by the incisal and occlusal surfaces
of the teeth.Generally it is not a plane but represents the planar
medium of the curvature of these surfaces” (GPT8)

It is established anteriorly by the height of the lower canine

and posteriorly by the height of the retromolar pad
4.Compensating Curves
“The anteroposterior and lateral curvatures in the alignment of the
occluding surfaces and incisal edges of the artificial teeth that are
used to develop a balanced occlusion”

1.Anteroposterior compensating curve (curve of spee):-

Described by Ferdinand Graf Spee in 1890

“The anatomic curve established by the occlusal alignment of the teeth,as

projected onto medial plane,beginning with the cusp tip of the mandibular canine
and following the buccal cusp tip of premolar and molar teeth continuing through
the anterior border border of the mandibular ramus,ending with the anterior most
portion of the mandibular condyle” (GPT8)
• Signifance of curve of spee is when the patient move s his
mandible forward,the posterior teeth set on this curve will
continue remain in contact,thus avoiding disocclusion
2.Lateral Compensating curves
1.Curve of Monson:-
”Curve of occlusion in which each cusp and incisal edge touches or
conforms to a segment of the surface of a sphere 8 inches in diameter with its
diameter with its centre in the region of glabella” (GPT8)

2.Reverse Curve or Anti monson curve:A cuve of occlusion that is convex

upwards and usually used to arrange the first premolars
3.Curve of Wilson:
This curve that is convex downwards .the lower teeth are inclined
lingually giving prominence to buccal cusps and bringing them into heavy occlusal
contact with the upper buccal cusp during lateral movement on working side

4.Pleasure Curve:-
This combination of monson and anti monson curves .hence it is
not single curve but combination of curve

It was used for arranging non anatomic teeth in balanced occlusion

5.Cuspal Inclination
“The angle made by the average slope of a cusp with the cusp plane
measured mesiodistal or buccolingually.also called as Cusp
Angle”(GPT)

It is an important factor that modify the effect of plane of

occlusion and compensating curves

Mesiodistal cusps are reduced to prevent the locking of cusps

Advantage:-
 Bilateral simultaneous contact help to seat the denture in a stable position during
mastication,swallowing and maintain retention

 Denture bases are stable even during bruxing activity

 Cross arch balance

Disadvantage:-
 It is difficult to achieve in mouths where an increased vertical incisor
overlap is present-class II Cases

 It may tend to encourage lateral and protrusive grinding habits

 A semi adjustable or fully adjustable articulator required

MONOPLANE OCCLUSION
“An occlusal arrangement where in the posterior teeth
have masticatory surfaces that lack any cuspal
height”(GPT8)
 Occlusal arrangement using non anatomic teeth

 Anterior teeth are arranged with an overjet of 2mm and no overbite

 Monoplane occlusion can be balanced by placing balanced ramps distal to

second molar,it will improves horizontal stability of denture

Ramps
Advantage:-
They are more adaptable to unusual jaw relation such as class II and
class III relations
Easy to arrange teeth and less time consuming
They eliminate horizontal forces,more damaging than vertical forces
They accommodate better to the negative change in the ridge
height that occur with aging
Simple non adjustable articulator is sufficient

Disadvantage:-
No vertical Component to aid in shearing during mastication
Lack of positive intercupation
Poor Appearance
LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION
“This form of denture occlusion articulates the maxillary lingual cusps with
the mandibular occlusal surfaces in centric working and non working
mandibular positions” first described by S Howard Payne in 1941 (GPT8)

 Lingualized occlusion can be a type of bilaterally balanced

occlusal cheme

 Anatomic tooth are used in maxilla opposing a flat cusped or

shallow cusped mandibular tooth

 Forces directed towards lingual side

 Maxillary lingual cusp articulates with mandibular central

fossae
Advantage:-
 Cusp form is more natural in appearance compared to non anatomic forms
 Good penetration of bolus is possible this may reduce the lateral chewing component
 Both anatomic and non anatomic tooth forms are retained
 Simple technique
 Can be used in Class II,Class III,IV And cross bite situations

Disadvantage:-

 Wearing of maxillary lingual cusp or mandibular fossa

 More challenging teeth arrangement than monoplane occlusion
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