Radio Interface: Transport Concept Siemens

Radio Interface: Transport Concept

Contents
1 Logical, Transport & Physical Channels 3
2 Exercise 19
3 Solution 23

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1 Logical, Transport & Physical Channels

Radio Interface:
Transport Concept

Uu

Iub
Node B UE

RNC

Logical, Transport
& Physical Channels

Fig. 1

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Logical, Transport and Physical Channel

UMTS uses a three-layer concept for channel organization: Logical Channels,
Transport Channels and Physical Channels.

Logical Channel
Comparable to GSM, a set of logical channels is defined in UMTS for different types
of data transfer services. Each logical channel is defined by “what type of
information” is transferred. The UMTS Logical Channels are described in 3G TS
25.301.

Transport Channel
Compared to GSM, in UMTS a new concept, the concept of Transport Channels, has
been defined. Transport Channels are described by “how and with what
characteristics data are transferred over the radio interface”. Different Logical
Channels can be mapped together onto one Transport Channel. The Transport
Channels can be sub-divided into two general classes:
l common transport channels, where there is a need for in-band identification of the
User Equipments UEs when particular UEs are addressed
l dedicated transport channels, where the UEs are identified by the physical
channel. I.e. code & frequency of the FDD mode and code, time slot & frequency
for the TDD mode.
The UMTS Transport Channels are described in 3G TS 25.301. The mapping of
Logical Channels onto Transport Channels is described in 3G TS 25.301, too.

Physical Channel
Physical channel describe the physical transmission of the information over the radio
interface. In UMTS physical channels of the UTRA FDD mode are characterized by
the code and frequency (UL & DL) and the physical channels of the TDD mode are
characterized by code, frequency and time slot TS.
The UMTS Physical Channels and the mapping of Transport Channels onto Physical
Channels are described in 3G TS 25.211 for the FDD mode and in 3G TS 25.221 for
the TDD mode. A general overview of the UMTS physical layer is given in 3G TS
25.201. Details of the FDD mode physical layer are given in 3G TS 25.211 – 25.215,
of the TDD mode in 3G TS 25.221 – 25.225.

Due to clarity, not all the UMTS Logical, Transport and Physical Channels are
described in the following. The full set of Logical, Transport and Physical Channels
can be found in 3G TS 25.301, 25.211 and 25.221.

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Logical, Transport
& Physical Channels Logical
Logical&&Transport
Transport
Channels:
Channels:TS
TS25.301
25.301
Transport
Transport & PhysicalChannels:
& Physical Channels:
TS
TS25.211
25.211&&25.221
25.221

Iub Uu UE
Node
RNC B

Logical Channel º type of information transferred

Transport Channel º how & with what characteristics
data are transferred
Physical Channel º
frequency, code (& TS)

Fig. 2

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Channel Mapping / FDD Mode Physical Channels (DL)

In the following, the mapping of Logical to Transport and Physical Channels is
shown. For clarity, only the most important channels of the FDD mode are listed.

Common Physical Channel:

l Common Pilot Channel CPICH. The CPICH is an unmodulated code channel,
carrying the Scrambling Code of the cell.
l Synchronization Channel SCH. The SCH is needed for time synchronization of
the UEs at cell search.
l Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH. The P-CCHCH is
carrying the Logical Channel Broadcast Control Channel BCCH, which is mapped
to the Transport Channel Broadcast Channel BCH.
l Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH. The S-CCPCH
carries two different Common Transport Channel: the Paging Channel PCH (for
paging user) and the Forward Access Channel FACH (for either access grants &
acknowledgements or DL small user data packets). They can be multiplexed
together on one single S-CCPCH or use two / several S-CCPCH, depending on
network operators decision.
l Page Indication Channel PICH. The PICH can be used in connection with the
PCH for efficient sleep mode operation of the UE.
l Acquisition Indication Channel AICH. The AICH is used in connection with the
RACH for random access to prevent collisions.
l Physical DL Shared Channel PDSCH. The PDSCH is used to carry the transport
channel DSCH. The PDSCH is used to transmit dedicated data with high peak rate
and low activity cycle on common resources. It is shared by several users based
on code multiplexing. The PDSCH is always associated with a DPCH.

Dedicated Physical Channel:

l Dedicated Physical Channel DPCH. The DPCH is used to carry Dedicated or
Common Traffic Channel DTCH / CTCH data (i.e. payload) and Dedicated Control
Channel DCCH data to maintain the connection. CTCH / DTCH and DCCH
information are time-multiplexed in the DPCH.

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TDD:
TDD:
• •identical
identicalLogical
Logical&&
FDD Mode (DL) Transport
TransportChannels
• •Physical
Channels
PhysicalChannels:
Channels:
no
noCPICH,
CPICH,AICH
RNC AICH UE
Logical Channels: Control Channels Traffic Channels

BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH CTCH

BCH PCH FACH Common DSCH Dedicated DCH

Transport Transport
Channels Channels

P-CCPCH
CPICH Primary
S-CCPCH PICH PDSCH
Common
Pilot SCH
Common
Control Secondary
Page
Indication AICH Physical DL
Shared DPCH
Channel Physical Common Channel Acquisition Channel Dedicated
Synchronisation
Channel Control Indication Physical
Channel
Physical Channel Channel
Channel Physical
Channels
BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel FACH: Forward Access Channel
PCCH: Paging Control Channel DTCH: Dedicated Traffic Channel DSCH: DL Shared Channel
CCCH: Common Control Channel CTCH: Common Traffic Channel DCH: Dedicated Channel

Fig. 3

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Channel Mapping / FDD Mode Physical Channels (UL)

Common Physical Channel:

l Physical Random Access Channel PRACH. The PRACH is used to carry the
RACH data, i.e. for initial network access and transmission of small user data
packets on common resources.
l Physical Common Packet Channel PCPCH. The PCPCH is used to carry the
CPCH data, i.e. it is used to transmit small and medium size data packets on
common resources.

Dedicated Physical Channel:

Different to the FDD mode DL transmission, the Dedicated Traffic (DTCH) and
Dedicated Control (DCCH) information of the DCH are not time-multiplexed at UL
transmission. They are code-multiplexed onto different physical cannel:
l Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCH. The DPCCH carries the UL
Dedicated Control Channel DCCH physical layer control information to maintain
the connection.
l Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCH. The DPDCH carries the UL
Dedicated Traffic Channel DTCH, i.e. user data and higher layer signaling.
In a dedicated connection, the UE may use one DPCCH and one or more DPDCH
(up to 6; TS 25.213) for UL transmission.

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FDD Mode (UL)

RNC UE
Logical Channels: Control Channels Traffic Channels

CCCH DCCH DTCH

Common Dedicated
RACH CPCH DCH
Transport Transport
Channels Channels

PRACH DPCCH
Physical PCPCH Dedicated DPDCH
Physical Random
Access
Physical
Common
Physical
Control
Dedicated
Physical
Channels Channel Packet Channel Data
Channel Channel

CPCH: Common Packet Channel

RACH: Random Access Channel
DCH: Dedicated Channel

Fig. 4

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Radio Link Setup

The UE listens to:
l Primary Synchronization Channel P-SCH for Chip and Time Slot
synchronization
l Secondary Synchronization Channel S-SCH for Frame synchronization and
Scrambling Code Group determination
l Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH to get all necessary
information about the network and the cell, i.e. cell configuration, common
channels, etc.
The UE transmits the:
l Physical Random Access Channel PRACH Preamble to check the physical
channel. After receiving the networks answer, i.e. the AICH, the PRACH Message
Part follows. In case of Radio Link Setup, the PRACH requests for the allocation of
radio resources.
The UE listens to:
l Acquisition Indication Channel AICH to recognize whether the PRACH
Message Part can be sent or the PRACH Preamble has to be transmitted again.
l Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH to receive the
networks answer on the PRACH transmission, i.e. the information about the
allocation of radio resources. The network allocates either dedicated resources or
common resources.
In the following, UE and network exchange information on dedicated resources (DL /
UL: DPCH / DPDCH & DPCCH) or common resources (DL / UL: S-CCPCH / PRACH
or PCPCH).

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Radio
Link Setup Uu
• UE Synchronisation
P-SCH (Chip, TS, Frame)
• Scrambling Code
S-SCH (Group) of Cell

• BCH-Content:
Cell & Network information
P-CCPCH • Common Channel allocation
(RACH, FACH & PCH)
• Power Level ® Open Loop PC

PRACH • Resource Request &

Collision Detection
• (short) data packets
AICH
• PCH: Paging, Notification
• FACH: Access Grants,
S-CCPCH Network information,
short data packets
Node UE
B
DPCH or
S-CCPCH & PRACH/PCPCH Data Transfer on
Dedicated / Common Resources

Fig. 5

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Physical Channels (Examples)

Dedicated Physical Channels

In the UL, Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCH (up to 6) are used for payload
transmission and Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCH for control data
transmission. The so-called I-/Q-code-multiplexing of dedicated user data (payload)
DPDCH and control data DPCCH on different Physical Channels prevents EMC
(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) problems at DTX (Discontinuous Transmission).
During silent periods no DPDCH information are transmitted, but DPCCH information
are necessary. Time multiplexing of DPCCH and DPDCH information onto the same
physical channel would result in cyclically very short bursts, causing severe EMC
problems to external equipment as well as to terminal interiors.
l Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCH: The DPCCH contains the
physical layer control information necessary to maintain the connection. It uses a
fixed Spreading Factor SF of 256, i.e. carrying 15 kbit/s (due to I-Q-code
multiplexing). The DPCCH consists of the Pilot, the Transmit Power Control TPC
command, the Transport Format Combination Indicator TFCI (optional) and the
Feedback Information (optional). These DPCCH informations are repeated every
time slot TS. The Pilot is a pre-defined bit sequence used for channel estimation in
the receiver. The TPC is used for Closed Loop Power Control. The TFCI is used to
indicate the currently used data rate of the frame and the multiplexing of several
different services. It is not necessary in the case of one single fixed rate service.
The optional FBI bits are used at DL closed loop transmission diversity.
l Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCH: The DPDCH contains the user data,
including higher layer control information. The Spreading Factor of the DPDCH
may vary on a frame-by-frame basis from 256 to 4. The resulting data rate is 15
kbit/s to 960 kbit/s (due to I-Q-code multiplexing). The current Spreading Factor of
the DPDCH is given by the DPCCH TFCI.
In the DL, one DPCH contains user data and control information. DPCCH and
DPDCH are time-multiplexed on the basis of one time slot TS.
l Dedicated Physical Channel DPCH: The DPCH contains 2 data blocks of
variable length, depending on the selected SF and slot format (49 options). The
data blocks are separated by the TPC command and the TFCI (optional). The Pilot
is transmitted after data block 2 at the end of every TS. The SF of the DPCH may
vary from 512 to 4, resulting in a data rate of 15 kbit/s to 1920 kbit/s.
Detailed information about the bit mapping per TS on DPCCH and DPCH are given in
3G TS 25.211.

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Example:
Dedicated Physical Channels
DPDCH
User
UserData
Data SF = 256 - 4 Þ
15 - 960 kbit/s

TFCI
TFCI FBI
FBI TPC
TPC DPCCH
Pilot
Pilot Transport
TransportFormat
Format FeedBack
FeedBack Transmit
Transmit SF = 256 Þ 15 kbit/s
Combination
CombinationIndicator*
Indicator* Information*
Information* Power
PowerControl
Control

TS = 2560 chip
Bit (UL: SF = 256 - 4 Þ 10 - 640 bit)
BitMapping:
Mapping:
TS
TS25.211
25.211

DPDCH/DPCCH
··· ···
TS
TS##00 TS
TS##11 TS
TS##ii TS 14 Code UL:
TS##14 Multiplexed²
DL:
Time Multiplexed
TS = 2560 chip
(DL: SF = 512 - 4 Þ 10 - 1280 bit)

User
User User
User DPCH
TPC
TPC TFCI*
TFCI* Pilot
Pilot SF = 512 - 4 Þ
Data
DataBlock
Block11 Data
DataBlock
Block22 15 - 1920 kbit/s
* optional
² preventing EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) problems at DTX

Fig. 6

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l Synchronization Channel SCH: The SCH is a DL physical channel used for cell
search. It is needed by the UE for time synchronization on basis of a chip, time slot
TS and frame. Furthermore, it provides the Scrambling Code Group of the cell.
The SCH consists of two sub-channels: the Primary SCH and the Secondary SCH.
Primary and Secondary SCH are transmitted in parallel.
l Primary Synchronization Channel P-SCH: The P-SCH consists of a modulated
code of length 256 chip, the Primary Synchronization Code PSC. This PSC is the
same in every UMTS cell. The PSC position is at the start of every TS. The P-SCH
is needed by the UE at cell search to get synchronization on basis of the TS and
the chip, i.e. the precise clock of the network.
l Secondary Synchronization Channel S-SCH: The S-SCH is built up by a set of 16
different codes, each of length 256 chip. 64 different options to arrange this
different codes at the start of the 15 TS of one frame are defined – the so-called
Secondary Synchronization Codes SSC. The SSC enables a the UE to recognize
the start of a frame. Furthermore, the SSC indicates the Scrambling Code Group
of the cell. This enables a faster recognition of the Scrambling Code of the cell,
which is necessary for the following network access of the UE.
l Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH: The P-CCPCH is a DL
physical channel used to carry the BCH transport channel. The BCCH information
is necessary for every UE to perform network access. It offers network information
and cell parameters, i.e. the Channelization Codes of all other Common Channels
and the capabilities of the cell. The P-CCPCH is transmitted at a fixed SF = 256
(i.e. 30 kbit/s). It always uses the same Channelization Code C256,1. This enables
the UE to detect the Scrambling Code, which is a necessary to read the BCCH
information. The P-CCPCH is used as beacon of the cell, so it has to be broadcast
over the entire cell. It is not transmitted in the first 256 chips of every TS, i.e. in the
transmission time of the P-SCH and S-SCH.
l Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH: The S-CCPCH is a
DL physical channel used to carry the transport channels FACH and PCH. The
FACH and PCH can be mapped to the same or to separate S-CCPCHs. If they are
mapped to the same S-CCPCH, they can be mapped to the same frame. An S-
CCPCH carrying both, FACH and PCH information has a fixed SF = 256 (i.e. 30
kbit/s). If FACH and PCH are on separate S-CCPCHs, one S-CCPCH carrying the
PCH information has a fixed SF = 256 and one S-CCPCH carrying FACH has a
fixed SF = 256, too. Additional S-CCPCHs, carrying FACH information, can have
SF in the range from 256 down to 4 (i.e. 30 kbit/s – 1920 kbit/s). The S-CCPCH
consists of a TFCI field (optional), a data field and a Pilot field (optional). The
Channelization Codes used for S-CCPCHs in a cell are given in by the P-CCPCH.

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Synchronization Channel SCH 1 frame = 10 ms

2560 chip

TS #0 TS #1 TS #14
· TS & Chip
P-SCH ccp
p
ccp
p
ccp
p
Synchronization
Primary SCH
··· · Frame
S-SCH CCsi,0i,0 CCsi,1i,1 CCsi,14 Synchronization
Secondary i,14
s s s
SCH · Scrambling
Code Group
cp : Primary Synchronization Code; unique in every cell
256 chip Csi,0..14: Secondary Synchronization Codes SSC;
16 different SSC’s Þ i = 1..64: Scrambling Code Group

P-CCPCH S-CCPCH
Primary Common Control Secondary CCPCH
Physical Channel
TS = 2560 chip
TS = 2560 chip (DL: SF = 256 Þ 20 bit) (DL: SF = 256 - 4 Þ 20 - 1280 bit)

Tx TFCI Pilot
TxOFF
OFF Data
Data(18
(18bit):
bit):BCH
BCH TFCI
optional
optional
Data:
Data:FACH
FACH//PCH Pilot
PCH optional
optional

• cell beacon function • FACH & PCH on same or separate S-CCPCHs

256 chip • continuously transmitted • CC-allocation indicated by P-CCPCH
• CC256,1 • only transmitted when data available

Fig. 7

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l Physical Random Access Channel PRACH: The PRACH is a contention based

UL physical channel carrying RACH data. It is used for initial access to the network
and to carry small (NRT) data packets on common resources in the UL. The
Scrambling Codes to be used for PRACH are given by the P-CCPCH. The PRACH
consists of Preambles of 4096-chip length and a Message Part of 10 or 20 ms
length. The Preambles consists of 256 repetitions of 16 different signatures S,
each of 16-chip length. The Message Part consists of a data and a control part,
being code-multiplexed. The control part uses SF = 256, consisting of 8 Pilot bits
and 2 TFCI bits. The data parts SF is in the range of 256 – 32 (i.e. 15 – 120 kbit/s).
15 start positions for the transmission of the PRACH message part exists within
two frames, i.e. every 2 TS.
l Physical Common Packet Channel PCPCH: The PCPCH is a contention based
UL physical channel to carry infrequent data packets on common resources
without extensive link management. It can be regarded as PRACH extension. The
PCPCH consists of Preambles and a Message Part, similar to the PRACH.
Different to the PRACH, the Message Part can be N times 10 ms (operator
dependent) and the data part SF can be 256 - 4. Furthermore, the control part is
similar to the DPCCH control part and additional features to prevent collisions of
the Message Parts have been defined.
l Acquisition Indication Channel AICH: The AICH is a DL physical channel of
fixed SF = 256, which is used to indicate the reception of the PRACH / PCPCH
Preamble. It consists of Acquisition Indicators AIs of 5120-chip (40 bit) length. 32
or the 40 bit of the AI are used to carry one of the 16 possible AIs values, which
are the response to one PRACH Preamble of signature S. 8 bits are unused, i.e.
the transmission is off during a period of 1024 chip at the end of the 5120 AI chip
period. 2 frames consist of 15 consecutive Access Slots AS for AIs.

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PRACH • 15 MP start positions in

Physical Random Access Channel 2 frames (every 2 TS = 5120 chip)

Preamble ··· Preamble

Preamble Preamble Message
MessagePart
PartMP:
MP:10
10//20
20ms
ms

4096 chip
SF = 256 - 32
(15 - 120 kbit/s) Data
Data
256 repetitions of
16 different signatures S
SF = 256 Pilot TFCI
(15 kbit/s) Pilot TFCI
TS = 2560 chip

AICH PCPCH
Acquisition Indication Channel Physical Common
Packet Channel
2 frames = 20 ms
• RACH Extension
• MP = n x 10 ms
AS
AS#0
#0 AS
AS#1
#1 AS
AS#14
#14 • similar to PRACH: Preamble + MP
• data part: SF = 256 - 4
• some additional / optional features
5120 chip to prevent MP collisions
• Acquisition Indication AI: response on Preamble S
AS: Access Slot
• 40 bit = 32 bit for 16 AIS values; 8 bit unused (TX off)

Fig. 8

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2 Exercise

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Exercise
Title: Radio Interface: Transport Concept
Objectives: The participant be able to understand the concept of UMTS
Logical, Transport & Physical Channels and the structure of
some important physical channels.
Pre-requisite: none
Task

Please answer the following questions!

Query
1. The type of transferred data is defined on the radio interface by:
þ the Logical Channel
¨ the Transport Channel
¨ the Physical Channel

2. The Transport Channels can be distinguished in:

¨ Global, Logical and Dedicated Transport Channels
þ Common and Dedicated Transport Channels
þ UL and DL Transport Channels
¨ Physical and Technical Transport Channels

3. Which physical channel is used to transmit network and cell information to the
UE:
¨ Common Pilot Channel CPICH
¨ Synchronization Channel SCH
¨ Physical Broadcast Channel PBCH
þ Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH
¨ Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH
¨ Primary Physical Network Information Channel P-PNICH

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4. User data (payload) can be transmitted via the following physical channel:
¨ Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH
þ Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH
þ Physical DL Shared Channel PDSCH
þ Dedicated Physical Channel DPCH
þ Physical Random Access Channel PRACH
þ Physical Common Packet Channel PCPCH
¨ Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCH
þ Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCH

5. The Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH can be used to

transmit:
þ Dedicated user traffic
¨ CS user data
þ PS user data
þ Location Updates
þ Dedicated Control data
þ Common user data
þ Access Grants
¨ Paging Information
¨ all of the above

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3 Solution

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Solution
Title: Radio Interface: Transport Concept
Objectives: The participant be able to understand the concept of UMTS
Logical, Transport & Physical Channels and the structure of
some important physical channels.
Pre-requisite: none
Task

In the following section, there are the answers to the exercises.

Query
1. The type of transferred data is defined on the radio interface by:
þ the Logical Channel
¨ the Transport Channel
¨ the Physical Channel

2. The Transport Channels can be distinguished in:

¨ Global, Logical and Dedicated Transport Channels
þ Common and Dedicated Transport Channels
þ UL and DL Transport Channels
¨ Physical and Technical Transport Channels

3. Which physical channel is used to transmit network and cell information to the
UE:
¨ Common Pilot Channel CPICH
¨ Synchronization Channel SCH
¨ Physical Broadcast Channel PBCH
þ Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH
¨ Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH
¨ Primary Physical Network Information Channel P-PNICH

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4. User data (payload) can be transmitted via the following physical channel:
¨ Primary Common Control Physical Channel P-CCPCH
þ Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH
þ Physical DL Shared Channel PDSCH
þ Dedicated Physical Channel DPCH
þ Physical Random Access Channel PRACH
þ Physical Common Packet Channel PCPCH
¨ Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCH
þ Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCH

5. The Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH can be used to

transmit:
þ Dedicated user traffic
¨ CS user data
þ PS user data
þ Location Updates
þ Dedicated Control data
þ Common user data
þ Access Grants
¨ Paging Information
¨ all of the above

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