Study on the Influence of UHV grid to the Short-

Circuit Current Level of EHV Grid in China

Haiqiong Yi
Oct.25,2010, Taipei
 Outline

‹ Introduction
‹ Short-circuit current calculation based on
Thevenin's theorem
‹ Influence of power plant parameters
‹ Influence of UHV substation parameters
‹ Conclusion
 1. Introduction

¾ Why?
– Increasing load and power supply
– Enlargement of the scale of power grid
– Tightly connected power grid
– Increasing short-circuit current level
– More UHV substations appeared and larger power injected
¾ Object
– Investigation the influence of UHV grid and EHV grid on short-circuit
current level
– Find control strategies to limit short-circuit current level
¾ Algorithm
– Based on Thevenin's theorem
– Case study based on typical parameters
– On both UHV and EHV power grid
 2. Simplified short-circuit calculation model
for UHV/EHV power system
A. Short-circuit currents of the ST 2、U k 2
buses in UHV substation
1 UK SG、X d"
I B 500 − S = XS T2 X L2
100U k 1U k 2
XS + X L1
ST 1U k 2 + ST 2U k 1 T1
PL + QL
PG
I =
100COSϕ ( X d" + U K ) + X L P G
B 525 − G
BS ST 1、U k 1 B
500
B. Short-circuit current of
500kV system buses Figure 1 Modified UHV substation schematic
1 with simplified 500kV system
IG −S =
100U k1U k 2 Assumption:
XS + + XL
ST 1U k 2 + ST 2U k1 Based on Thevenin's theorem，a simplified
PG short-circuit current analysis schematic in UHV
I =
100COSϕ ( X d" + U K )
BG − G substation is shown.
 Investigation flowchart

Investigation flowchart:
 3. Influence of power plant parameters

Changed with power plant parameters:

Based on the existing typical parameters of power plant, I BG −G will be within 2.3～4.3
kA/1000MW and I B 525 −G will be within 1.9～3.1 kA/1000MW for per 1000MW generation
capacity is connected with bus G.
The short-circuit currents provided by power plants decrease with the increase of the
equivalent reactance, the sum of sub-transient reactance and reactance of the step-up
transformers, and power factor of generators.
Short-circuit I B 525 − G I BG −G

current kA/1000MVA kA/1000MVA

COSφ 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.90 0.95

X "
+ U
decreased
d K

0.27 3.35 3.22 3.1 4.79 4.53 4.29

0.3 3.11 2.99 2.87 4.31 4.07 3.86

0.35 2.78 2.66 2.55 3.7 3.49 3.31

0.4 2.51 2.4 2.3 3.23 3.05 2.89

0.45 2.29 2.18 2.09 2.88 2.72 2.57

0.5 2.1 2.01 1.92 2.59 2.44 2.32

 - When Enlarging Short Circuit Impedance
Voltage of Step-up Transformer
Decreasing the short-circuit current of substations connected with
generators
When enlarging these Short Circuit Impedance Voltage from 16% to 18%, short-circuit
current in 1000kV bus of Jindongnan substation decreases 3 percent from 60.6kA to 58.7kA,
lower than its rate current of circuit breaker.

Substation Shanbei Jindongnan Yubei Changzhi Jincheng

Voltage grade 1000 1000 525 1000 525 525 525
U K =16% 28.8 60.6 51.8 29.9 36.7 46 40
U K =18% 28.7 58.7 51.7 29.7 36.7 45 39.5
Decreasing amplitude
0.1 1.9 0.1 0.2 0 1 0.5
of Short-circuit current

Case stydy: Short-circuit current when enlarging the impedances of step-up

transformers of the generators connected with Jindongnan UHV substation
 Increasing power loss and making voltage regulation more
difficult
For Dynamic reactive reserve coefficient of a provincial power system in typical
summer peak operation condition, when the impedances enlarge 1%, decrease about 3
percent. 120%
Dynamic reactive power reserve

100% 100%
94%
87% 83%
80% 77%
/ MVAr

60%

40%

20%

0%
14 16 18 20 22

Short‐circuit impedance of step‐up transformer/ ％

Enhancing electric distance between the generator and system

When enhancing the impedance of step-up transformer, the electric distance between
generator and system increases, so that it may bring bad influences on power system
stability.
 - maximum capacity of generators when
connected with a UHV substation
Influence factors
Short Circuit Impedance
length of transmission lines connected with the UHV substation
generator capacity connected with the UHV substation
maximum capacity of generators
Considering the changes of the above factors, the total generator capacity which may be
connected to one UHV substation is proposed based on the limitation of short-circuit
current.
For a UHV substation, the maximum capacity of generators, connected with a UHV
substation, is about 27000~13000MW when considering the limitation of short-circuit
current and the planning power grid. The proportion, of generators connected to
1000kV/500kV buses respectively, is near 1.2:1.
1.67 kA
1000kV 3.49 kA 1000MW
1000MW G Short-circuit current of 1000/500kV
G G buses is lower than 63kA.
500kV
A 1.75 kA B A + B = ? MW
3 33 kA
 4. Influence of UHV substation parameters

Changed with power plant parameters:

I B 525− S are related to the number, the capacity ST and the short-circuit impedance voltage
U k of a UHV transformer, and the equivalent reactance X S of UHV power system.
Influence of short-circuit impedance of UHV transformer
I B 500 − S / kA

Cased study: based on the typical Uk

18% 21% 25%
parameters of UHV substation, Number of Transformers
when U k increases from 18% to decreased
2 transformers 28.1 24.9 21.6
25%, the short-circuit current
provided by UHV power system 3 transformer 37.7 33.8 29.8

decreases 7~10kA. 4 transformer 45.5 41.2 36.7

5 transformer 52.0 47.5 42.6

6 transformer 57.4 52.8 47.7

increased
 Voltage Short-circuit current decreasing
grade /kA amplitude
Substation of
UK ＝ UK ＝
kV Short-circuit

18% 25% current

1000 58.3 56.9 -2.4%

Cased study: Nanjing 500 61.7 51.9 -15.9%
Nanjing UHV substation
used high-X transformer UHV 500 69.7 61.6 -11.6%
substation 1000 62 61.7 -0.5%

Wuhu 500 60.8 60.8 0%

500 58.3 58.2 -0.1%

Lishuibei 500 46.5 45.6 -2.1%

Lishuinan 500 40.2 35.7 -11.3%

500kV
Dongshanqiao 500 64.2 60.9 -5.2%
substation
Maanshan 500 62.1 61.9 -0.3%

Liyang 500 49.3 44.9 -9%

 Influence of UHV substation scale

Change with the

capacity and number I B 500− S
of UHV transformers
in a UHV substation

Result: proper total Total capacity of UHV substation may be 6000 ～

capacity of a UHV 18000MVA, with 2~4(6) transformer.
substation
 Influence of tightly connected 500kV grid
When 500kV power grids are connected more incompactly, the Short cir-
cuit currents will be less.
Xuxing substation Sijing substation
Short cir- Short cir-
length length
cuit current cuit current
60 50.5 150 37.3
80 47.5 200 35.1
100 45.3 250 33.7
150 41.7 300 32.7
200 39.5
250 31.6

Influence of splitting 500kV bus into 2 parts

This control strategy is very useful to limit short-circuit currents. For Suzhou
UHV substation, when splitting its 500kV bus into two parts, its short circuit current
decreased from 52kA to 37kA.
 5. Conclusion

• When forming UHV power grid, investigation on short-circuit

currents provided by UHV power grid is quite important.
• Based on Thevenin's theorem，a simplified short-circuit
current analysis schematic for UHV/EHV power system is
suggested, and influence analysis are executed due to typical
parameters.
• Important influencing factors are proposed to control short-
circuit current level in tightly connected UHV/EHV power
system.
 Q&A

Thank You！