1. Some important views of public administration in the context of good governance.

Good governance is the basic principle of our efforts to strengthen public

administrations in partnership with our clients/citizens. This implies that public
administrations shall continuously change and develop to a more open,
transparent, accountable, equitable, cost-effective and responsive form of
governance. Public administration through good governance must be providing
services in strengthening institutions, capacity building measures, stakeholder
involvement and decentralization processes.. Yet, no one-size-fits-all formula
was ever plausible. Indeed, the idea of an “administrative culture” is often
evoked, only further emphasizing how difficult it is to achieve reform in this
particular field. A successful reform process can only be individually tailored to
each separate administration although universal principles do exist. Public
administration reform, however, is not still an easy task anywhere. Also the
constraint of good governance are: - Failure to make clear separation between
what is public and what is private. - Failure to establish a predictable framework
of law and government behavior conducive to development or arbitrariness in the
application of rules and laws - Executive rules, regulations, licensing
requirements and so forth, which impede, functioning of markets and encourage
rent seeking. - Priorities, inconsistent with development, resulting in a
misallocation of resources - Excessively narrowly based or nontransparent
decision making. One of the key recommendations is the imperative to develop a
shared understanding of a coherent institutional architecture to anchor a cross
practice that recognizes and re-enforces the conceptual and operational
interconnections between local governance and administration as International
Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, United Kingdom Licensed
under Creative Common Page 601 generative force on one hand and
sustainable local development as an outcome on the other. The empowerment of
human resources is seen as a priority in the modernisation of the civil service in
our countries and it includes rational planning, purposeful training, a recruitment
based on objectivity and transparency and a system of career opportunities. In
order to achieve transparency and to apply the values of good governance, an
effective institutional framework must be applied, the participation of citizens in
governance should be enhanced, and an effective system of internal and
external control needs to be developed. Adopted reforms on law must introduces
the principles of “professionalism, independence and integrity, political neutrality,
transparency, service to the public, career continuity, accountability and
correctness in the application of binding legislation”. In local level good
governance is needed for development without good governance the grass root
development cannot be imagined. Corruptions, financial maladies, human rights
violations, lack of accountability all the elements of good governance require at
local level public institution. It is undoubtedly acknowledged that local
 development entails all the elements of good governance. So both of two are
extremely related. As local government is subject of structural reforms like
administrative-territorial reform, a backsight on the result of its implementation
and if principles of good governance are achieved through, would be an interest
for further research.

2. Politics and Administration Juxtaposition and Dichotomy

The central argument of Wilson and Goodnow was that politics and patronage
threatened the efficiency of administration and that, in general, administrative and
political questions were and should be distinct. The former should be addressed by
technically competent civil servants insulated from politics.
Politics itself lacks a clear-cut definition. The concept has been used synonymously with
government. Thus politics refers to what governments do. In this regard Easton’s
definition is most appropriate; “politics is the authoritative allocation of values in society”
(Easton, 1953). Here politics refers to the formulation of policies as to who is to get what
portion of societal resources, at what time and how. It is what political leaders are
actually elected to do (making decisions that are binding on the people).

Simply defined, public administration refers to the activities of the administrative

(bureaucratic) agencies of government that actually implement policies and programs.
Notably, government policies become laws and these laws provide for the creation of
administrative agencies with the primary mandate to implement these policy programs. 

The point made is that politics and administration should be seen as very
interconnected. It is worth reiterating that, public administration is as old as government
itself and constitutes an integral part of government without which government cannot
function properly. Just as the structure of governments has changed over the years, the
structure and role of public administration have also changes dramatically. Moreover, it
is important to state that public administration has grown from its traditional role of
merely implementing policies adopted by the “political” branches of government to
playing very significant role in the formation of public policies. This is more evident by
the professional expertise bureaucratic officials provide during problem identification,
agenda setting, policy formulation, and evaluation that shape the content of public
policy.
3. Private and Public Administration, Similarities and differences

Similarities between Public administration and Private administration:

Many of the fundamental theories and processes of both public administration
and private administration are similar. Both need a thorough knowledge of
administrative theories and principles. Both are concerned with the best
utilization of the limited resources at their disposal.

Both public administration and private administration strive to achieve

effectiveness and efficiency. Both are focused on attaining the objectives of their
organizations.

Differences between Public administration and Private administration:

Definition of Public vs. Private administration
Public administration deals with public policies, state affairs, government
functions, and providing of various services to the general public; but private
administration deals with the management and operations of private
organizations usually business entities.

Scope in Public and Private administration

Public administration operates in the governmental set-up; while private
administration operates in the non-governmental set-up.

Nature of Public and Private administration

Public administration is closely related with the political process and often
conducts itself as a part of the larger political process; while private
administration concentrates on the commercial and business activities.

Coverage
Public administration usually covers all the territory within the jurisdiction of the
government or a nation; while private administration may cover the multi-country
operations or activities of an organization spread over a number of national
jurisdictions, or only a very small office.