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Class Subject Chapter # Topic

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 1

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 2

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 3

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 4

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 5

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 6

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 7


9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 8

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 11

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 16

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 18

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 19

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 20

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 21

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 22

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 24

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 25

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 26

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 27

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 28

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 32

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 33

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 35

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 36

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 37

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 38

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 40

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 41

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 42

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 43

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 44

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 48

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 49

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 50

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 51

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 52

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 53

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9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 55


9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 56

9 Biology 1 Introduction to Biology 57

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 1

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 2

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 3

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 4

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 5

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 6


9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 7

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 8

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 9

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 10

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 11

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 12

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9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 14


9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 15

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 16

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 17

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 18

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 19

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 20

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 21

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 22


9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 23

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 24

9 2 Solving a Biological Problem 25

9 2 Solving a Biological Problem 26

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 27

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 28

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9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 31

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9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 33

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9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 38


9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 39

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 40

9 Biology 2 Solving a Biological Problem 41

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 1

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 2

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 3

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 4

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 5
9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 6

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 7

9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 8

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9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 21
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9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 37
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9 Biology 3 Biodiversity 47

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 1

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 2

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 3

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 4

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 5

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 6


9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 7

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 8

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 9

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 10

9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 11

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9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 15

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9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 23

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9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 31

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9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 47

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9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 70


9 Biology 4 Cells and Tissues 71

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 1

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 2

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 3

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 4

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 5

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 6

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 7


9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 8

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 9

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 10

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 11

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 13

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 16

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 18

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 19

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 20

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 21

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 23


9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 24

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 25

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 26

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 27

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 28

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 32

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 35

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 37

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9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 40

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 41

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 42

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 43

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 44

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 45

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 46

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 47


9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 48

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 49

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 50

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 51

9 Biology 5 Cell Cycle 52

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 1
9 Biology 6 Enzymes 2

9 6 Enzymes 3

9 6 Enzymes 4

9 6 Enzymes 5

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 6

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 7

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 8

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 9
9 Biology 6 Enzymes 10

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 11

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 12

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 13

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 14

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 15

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 16

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 17
9 Biology 6 Enzymes 18

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 19

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 20

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 21

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 22

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 23

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 24

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 25
9 Biology 6 Enzymes 26

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 27

9 Biology 6 Enzymes 28

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 1

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 2

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 3

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 4

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 5
9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 6

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 7

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 8

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 9

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 10

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 11

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 12

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 13
9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 14

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 15

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 16

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 17

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 18

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 19

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 20

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 21
9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 22

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 23

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 24

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 25

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 26

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 27

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 28

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 29
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9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 31

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 32

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 33

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 34

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 35

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 36

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 37
9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 38

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 39

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 40

9 Biology 7 Bioenergetics 41

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 1

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 2

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 3

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 4
9 Biology 8 Nutrition 5

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 6

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 7

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 8

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 9

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 10

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 11

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 12
9 Biology 8 Nutrition 13

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 14

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 15

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 16

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 17

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 18

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 19

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 20
9 Biology 8 Nutrition 21

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 22

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 23

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 24

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 25

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 26

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 27

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 28
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9 Biology 8 Nutrition 31

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 32

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 33

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 34

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 35

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 36
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9 Biology 8 Nutrition 38

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 39

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 40

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9 Biology 8 Nutrition 42

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 43

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9 Biology 8 Nutrition 65

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 66

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 67

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 68
9 Biology 8 Nutrition 69

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 70

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 71

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 72

9 Biology 8 Nutrition 73

9 Biology 9 Transport 1

9 Biology 9 Transport 2

9 Biology 9 Transport 3
9 Biology 9 Transport 4

9 Biology 9 Transport 5

9 Biology 9 Transport 6

9 Biology 9 Transport 7

9 Biology 9 Transport 8

9 Biology 9 Transport 9

9 Biology 9 Transport 10

9 Biology 9 Transport 11
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9 Biology 9 Transport 13

9 Biology 9 Transport 14

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9 Biology 9 Transport 16

9 Biology 9 Transport 17

9 Biology 9 Transport 18

9 Biology 9 Transport 19
9 9 Transport 20

9 9 Transport 21

9 9 Transport 22

9 Biology 9 Transport 23

9 Biology 9 Transport 24

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9 Biology 9 Transport 51
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9 Biology 9 Transport 53

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9 Biology 9 Transport 55

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9 Biology 9 Transport 66
MCQ

Members of the same species living in the same place at the same time-make a:

If a scientist is studying the methods of inserting human insulin gene in bacteria, which
branch of biology may this be?

The maximum percentage of bioelements found in protoplasm is: (OR) Which of these
major bioelements is in the highest percentage in protoplasm?

Which of the following group includes organisms all of which are absorptive in their
nutrition?

Similar cells organized into groups and performing same functions are known as:

Cells performing similar functions arranged into groups are called:

Which of these tissues also makes the glandular tissue in animals?


The level of organization that is" less definite in plants is:

Which level of organization is not visible in plants?

What is true about volvox?

An example of colonial organization is: (OR) Which of the following organisms have
colonial organization?

When we study the feeding relations among different animal species of a forest, at what
level of organization we are studying?

The famous book Al-Abil' is written by:

The book "Al-Nabatat" belongs to the muslim scientist:

Book of Bu Ali Sina on medicine is: .


Who wrote the book "Al-Qanoon - fi-al-Tib"?

Amoeba is:

The study of fossils is called:

Microscopic study of Tissues in living organisms is called:

Histology is the scientific study of:

The study of internal structures of the body is called; (OR) The study of internal
structures of the organisms is called:,

The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called:

The scientific study of plants is called:


The branch of biology dealing with insects is:

The study of the functions of different parts of living organisms is called:

It deals with the compounds of living organisms:

The scientific study of living things is called:

Zoology deals with:

Entomology is the study of:

Study of drugs and their effects on human body is called:

Jabir Bin Hayan was born in:


The Surah of Quran which verifies classification is:

Brassica Campestris is the scientific name of the plant:

Mustard plant is sown in:

In 2010 the population of human in Pakistan was __________million:

Gardening belongs to the profession:

The total number of elements in nature are:

___________is honoured as the founder of medicine:

The part of earth where communities of living organisms exist is called:


The reproductive organ of plant is:

An example of organ is:

An example of biomolecule is:

The number of bioelements in nature is:

In how many groups biomolecules are divided?

__________ is unicellular:

Which one of the following is Macromolecule?

Example of macromolecule is:


From two words of which language the word biology is derived?

The percentage of carbon in protoplasm of living organism is:

The organ specialized for the digestion of proteins and for storing food is:

Water makes the composition of protoplasm of all living things,

The element that makes 03% of the total mass of living organism is:

The example of micromolecule is:

Area of the environment, where an organism lives is called:

How many elements make 99% of the total mass?


Abdul-Malik Asmai was born in:

Organelles assemble to form:

Which one of the following is a correct sequence in biological method?

Which one of these characteristic is not a good hypothesis:

At which point is a biologist most likely to use reasoning?

A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means


that_____________

Cause of malaria in human being is:

A gardener sees a large snake nearby. He knows that generally snakes sting, so the
gardener ran away. The gardener did which of the following?
A scientific theory has which of the following properties?

Experimentation is only a step of the scientific process, but it is a very important because
it always__________

Malaria is caused by:

Plasmodium is transferred by:

The bark of_________tree was found very suitable for curing malaria.

Who is responsible for spreading of malaria fever?

Anopheles mosquito causes a disease:

It is an effective drug for treating malaria:


The bark of which plant contains Quinine?

Cinchona bark contains:

When did A.F.A King present his observations? (OR) A physician A.F.A King listed 20
observations in:

A liter of water weighs___________

The hypotheses that'stand the test of time are called:

The tentative explanation of observations is called:

The most basic step of biological method is:

The scientific method in which biological problems arc solved is called:


The logical results of hypotheses are called: (OR) These are logical consequences of
hypotheses.

Plasmodium is the cause of malaria". This statement is a:

The-hypotheses which are often tested and never rejected are called:

Female mosquitoes need the blood of________for the maturation of their eggs:

Biological method comprises of__________steps.

French Army Physician who worked on malaria in 1878.

The malaria is spread in birds by: .

In sparrows, malaria is spread by:


Ronald Ross performed experiments in:

___________is responsible for the transmission of malaria in sparrow.

A liter of water is heavier than:

A chemical found in the bark of cinchona plant is:

The growth of Plasmodium in human body takes place in:

Logical result of Hypotheses is:

Plasmodium causes to spread the disease:

"It should be a general statement" belongs to:


Dengue fever is spread by:

One litre of ethanol weighs

Man has always remained a:

Classification means the grouping of organisms on the basis of:

The kingdom Protista includes:

Kingdom protista includes:

Kingdom protista has types:

Viruses are not classified in any kingdom because:


Viruses are assigned to the kingdom:

A related group of genera comprises

A group of related species is:

A genus is a group of related:

The family is a group of related:

In which kingdom would you classify unicellular eukaryotes?

In binomial nomenclature, the first letter of the _______ name is capitalized.

Which of the following may be the correct way of writing the scientific name of an
organism?
A certain organism is multicellular, adapted for photosynthesis, and has multicellular sex
organs. To which kingdom does it belong?

Species that are in the same____________are more closely related than:

When the last member of a particular species dies, the species is said to
be____________

In which season Houbara bustard migrates to Pakistan and settles here?

Allium cepa is the scientific name of:

The scientific name of onion is:

A species that no longer lives in an ecosystem is called:

Right sequence of taxa's of taxonomy is


The population of human today lives on earth is _____ millions.

Eucalyptus plants were imported from:

Carolus Linnaeus divided nature into__________kingdoms.

Five Kingdom classification system was introduced by:

Who introduced the system of classification of organisms for the first time?

Number of persons increasing in the world population after every one minute is:

The basic unit of classification is:

The taxon of order was introduced first time:


The animal unable to reproduce is:

Bacteria are assigned to the kingdom:

__________Proposed three kingdom classification:

Common example of kingdom fungi is:

The national bird of Pakistan is:

Which is the national animal of Pakistan?

Which organism is included in kingdom monera?

It deals with the classification of organisms.


The number of organisms on earth is:

Kinds of organisms inhabit at least in the earth:

The order of Human according to classification is:

This kingdom includes prokaryotic organisms: (OR) Which of the following group
includes organisms all of which are prokaryotes?

The branch of biology which deals with classification is called:

Which of these is acellular?

Houbara bustared is a large__________

The group of nearest genera is called:


Himalayan Jungle project was started in:

Biodiversity of a species means its:

Which of these clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

There are_________micrometers (um) in one millimeter (mm).

The plasma membrane does all of these except

Which of these materials is not a component of the plasma membrane?

Cell walls are found in these organisms, except:(OR) Cell wall is absent in:

The name of scientist who described the cell first time is:(OR) Cells were first described
by:
Robert Hooke was a scientist:

Robert Hooke used microscope to examine cork in___________

The__________is a major component of plants cell wall:

The major component of fungi cell wall is: (OR) Cell wall of fungi is made up of:

Plant cells have_________and__________which are not present in animal cells.

The_____________is the membrane enclosed structure in eukaryotic cells that contains


the DNA of the cell.

Ribosomes are constructed in the__________(OR) Ribosomes are synthesized in:

The sites of protein synthesis are called: (OR) The place where proteins are synthesized:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the area in a cell where _________are synthesized.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the area in a cell where ___________are synthesized.

The mitochondrion functions in______________

The thin extensions of the inner membrane of mitochondria are known as:

The chloroplast functions in:

Which of these organelles has its own DNA?

The cell wall of prokaryotes is composed of: (OR) Prokaryotes have a cell wall
composed of a chemical:

Who developed the first microscope?


The resolution of modern electron microscope is_________

Golgi was given Nobel Prize in____________

Solution which contains more solute is called:

The size of human red blood cell is: (OR) The mass of human red blood cell is:

Cardiac muscles are present in the walls of:

The use of microscope is known as:

The photograph taken by microscope is called:

The process of take in liquid in the form of droplets is called:


__________Suggested a biological principle that "all living cells arise from pre-existing
cells" (OR) "All cells are formed from pre-existing cells" is the saying of:

Magnification of light microscope is:

Sites of respiration and major energy production centres are:

Human body is made up of types of cells:

Those plastids which are colourless:

Only few molecules can pass through it:

Which tissues make communication system in a body?

It is the size of smallest bacterium:


The cell membrane is mainly composed of:

Nervous tissue is found in:

Which is not present in cell membrane? (OR) Which is not component of cell
membrane?

The resolution or resolving power of human eye is:

Resolving power of a light microscope is:

Ribosomal RNA is produced in:

The movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to higher


concentration is called:

The process of glycolysis is found in:


The stock of thylakoids is called:

In the cell wall of plants the chemical present is:

The organelle which produces energy is:

The number of sub-units of ribosomes is:

Nucleus in plant cell was discovered by:

Nucleus in plant cell was discovered in:

In cell aerobic respiration sites are:

In body cell responsible for coordination are:


Aerobic respiration occurs in:

The smallest cells are of some bacteria e.g.

Lysosomes were discovered by:

Which tissues are the site of photosynthesis?

The site of occurence of photosynthesis:

In which tissues of leaves photosynthesis process is carried out?

It is the most common chemical in primary wall:

The chemical substance secreted by the epidermis of leaves is:


Plant tissues which have ability to divide are:

Which type of muscles are responsible for bird's wings flapping?

Microtubules are made of________protein.

Stroma is found in:

Microfilaments are made up of a protein:

What is called the layer of cutin in plants?

Fluid Mosaic Model belongs to:

First microscope was made in:


In which tissues guard cells are found?

In which stage of the cell cycle chromosome is duplicated and so it consists of two
chromatids?

If you observe a cell like this one, what phase of mitosis is it?

During which phase of mitosis spindles are formed?

In which phase, cell prepares proteins that are essential for the production of spindle
fibres in the phase?

During which phase of cell cycle spindle fibres are formed?

In which stage of cell cycle, the cell is preparing enzymes for chromosome duplication?

Which of the following stage of cell division is very different for animal and plant cells?
Prior to cell division, each chromosome replicates or duplicates its genetic material. The
products are connected by a centromere and are called:

The process of mitosis ensures that:

Cytokinesis in a plant cell is characterized by:

Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis I?

Which event distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?

In which stage of the cell cycle most cells spend their lives?

Which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?

For mitosis, the chromosomes of cell duplicate during interphase. When do the
chromosomes duplicate for meiosis?
Find the correct statement.

What reasons would you suggest for the fact that the total DNA content of each daughter
cell is reduced during meisois?

Mitosis consists of phases:

Those cells which give rise to gametes are called:

During mitosis one cell divides into daughter cells:

When the tumors remain in their original location are called:

The tumors which remain at their production site are called:

The word meiosis is derived from Greek, means:


Cells that form the body of the organisms are called:

The division of nucleus is called:

The division of cytoplasm is called:

The animal which produces lost part with the process of regeneration is:

The longest phase in meiosis is:

In which phase of mitosis, nuclear envelope of a cell is broken down?

It can cause necrosis in some areas:

Chiasmata is formed during:


The phase in which crossing over occurs:(OR) Crossing over occurs in:

The chromosomes arrange themselves along the equator of the cell in phase:

In 1911 ____________observed crossing over in Fruit Fly:

At which stage of cell cycle cell stops dividing?

Duplication of chromosomes occur in.

Complete set of spindle fibres is known as:

Asexual reproduction in hydra is done by:

Errors in the control of mitosis may cause:


Accidental death of cells and living tissues is called:

The longest phase of cell cycle is:

Karyokinesis is the division of:

Regeneration.process is found in:

Sea Star gains its lost arm by:

At which stage cell doubles its chomosomes?

Change in genes is called:

Cells die each day by apoptosis in an adult human:


Meiosis was discovered for the first time by:

Programmed cell death is called:

Oscar Hertwig discovered meiosis in:

Duplicatoin of chromosomes occur in:

To what category of molecules, do enzymes belong?

What is TRUE about enzymes?

To what category of molecules do enzymes belong?

What is TRUE about cofactors?


Prosthetic groups are:

When we add more substrate to an already occurring enzymatic reaction and there is no
increase in the rate of reaction, what would you predict?

Starch is broken down by an enzyme called: (OR) Which enzyme breaks starch?

Enzyme used for cleaning utensils is

Enzymes are made up of:

Almost all the enzymes are:

Chemical nature of enzymes is?

Who first used the term 'enzyme'?


Enzyme lipase acts on lipids and convert them into:

Lipase enzyme acts on:

The molecule at which the enezyme acts is called: (OR) Those molecules on which
enzymes effect:

Which scientist gave the concept of metabolism first?

The term metabolism is derived from the Greek word which means:

The term metabolism is derived from which language?

When was induced fit model presented?

Who proposed the induced fit model of enzyme action?


Specificity of enzymes depends upon:

Enzyme used for the removal of protein stains from clothes is:

The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzyme is:

In metabolism works as catalyst:

Lock and Key model was prepared in: (OR) "Lock and Key" model of enzyme action
was proposed in:

In 1894, Lock and key model was proposed by:

The catalytic region on enzyme is called:

Enzyme pepsin works in:


Biological detergent is:

In which medium enzyme trypsin works?

Protein is digested by:

In which of the following steps of respiration, C02 is produced?

Oxygen takes part in aerobic respiration in:

When a plant was kept in darkness for many days its leaves turned yellow, why?

From which bonds of ATP molecule energy is taken?

In which component of the leaf cells, chlorophyll is present?


Which of these can enter into Krebs cycle?

When we work hard we suffer from muscle fatigue because muscle cells:

How many molecule of C02 are produced when Krebs cycle operates once? (OR) In
Krebs cycle molecules of C02 are produced:

In which of the following metabolic processes, oxidation as well as reduction of


molecules occur?

Chlorophyll pigment absorbs maximum light in wavelengths of: (OR) Chlorophyll


basically absorbs________types of light

How much ATP molecules are formed during cellular respiration?

The covalent bond connecting two phosphates is indicated by:

ATP molecule was discovered in


One mole of ATP releases energy:

Each ATP molecule has the number of sub units:

The energy currency of all the cells is called:

Nitrogenous base of ATP molecule is:

Number of phosphate groups in ATP molecule:

ATP was discvoered by:

How much light is absorbed falling on the leaf surface?

Necessary for aerobic respiration:


Whose fermenting powers are used for making cheese and yogurt?

In which part of chloroplast, light reactions of photosynthesis take place?

The loss of an electron from an atom is called:

In which process oxygen is released as a by-product?

By-product of photosynthesis is:

Number of carbon atoms in pyruvic acid is:

Through which process organisms get energy?

Sun light is absorbed by:


The example of a nucleotide is:

The greatest fuel of energy for cellular respiration is:

ATP is an example of:

The main photosynthetic pigment is:

Dark reactions take place in .

Which micro organism is used for preparation of insulin?

Light of which colour is more effective in photoshynthesis?

Chemical formula of ethyl alcohol


Dark reactions are part of:

The whole series of light, reactions is called:

In Ribose sugar number of carbon atoms is:

Stomata cover the leaf surface only:

What are the primary nutrients that provide quick useable energy to the body?

The wave like movement of muscles that pushes food through digestive system is called:

Micronutrients of plants are:

Which of the following does not occur in oral cavity?


The second function of oral cavity is the grinding of food by teeth is called:

Where are villi found?

Ulcers occur in:

Which group of enzymes breaks up starches and other carbohydrates?

Pancreas produces digestive enzymes and releases them into:

In stomach, pepsinogen is converted into:

The name of compound that converts inactive enzyme pepsinogen into pepsin is:

Hepatic portal vein carries blood from_______to__________


Which of the following is not a function of liver?

The diseases of kwashiorkor and marasmus may be due to:

Which food group is our body's best source of energy?

What may be the reason that children need more calcium and iron?

The process of breaking down large droplets of fat into small droplets is called:

How much.% of Lipid is present in milk?

Fat soluble vitamins are:

Included in fat soluble vitamins are:


Proteins are composed of:

Elimination of undigested food from the body is called:

Daily need of major minerals is

Daily need for trace minerals is:

Disease scurvy is caused by the deficiency of

The disease caused by deficiency of protein is:

The disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin C is:

The disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin A is:


Goiter is caused due to the deficiency of:

The disease caused by the deficiency of iodine is:

Blindness is caused by the deficiency of vitamin:

Deficiency of which element causes the yellowing of leaves in plants?

Deficiency of which vitamin results night blindness?

Deficiency of vitamin D in children causes:

The cause of Kwashiorkor disease is deficiency of:

Which mineral is essential for development and maintenance of bones and teeth?
In adult human, the length of oesophagus is about:

Which solution indicates the presence of protein?

Element required for the function of hormone insulin is: (OR) Element which helps in
insulin action.

One gram of carbohydrates has kilo calories energy:

Amount of energy present in one gram of proteins is:

One gram of lipids contains energy (in Kilo calories):

The disease of rickets occurs in children due to the lack of vitamin:

Faeces are temporarily stored in:


The process of breaking up of complex substances into simpler substances is called:

Which vitamin is water soluble?

The most widely used carbohydrates to get energy is:

The reabsorption of water and salts is done in:

The example of micronutrients is:

Last 3.5 meters long part of the small intestine is called:

The intake of food is called (OR) The process of taking in food is called:

In ___________of the alimentary canal, the maximum absorption of nutrients occurs in:
________acid is present in Pepsin:

The example of insoluble dietary fibre in human food is:

Essential for normal thyroid function is:

"Lack of blood" is called disease namely:

Which Vitamin is made by bacteria in colon?

The weight of liver of an adult person is:

Whose saying is this that make medicine to your nutrition?

It is responsible for cell differentiation:


Precentage of lipids in rice is:

Citrus fruits are source of vitamin.

Trypsin enzyme works in:

Water soluble vitamins are:

Enzyme present in saliva is:

The mother of diseases is called:

In butter percentage of saturated fatty acids is:

Which is not a good source of Vitamin 'C from the followings?


Gastron hormone is produced in:

Manganese involved in enzyme activity for:

Anemia is caused due to the deficiency of:

Use of nitrogenous fertilizers produce 'Green House Gas':

Gastric juice is found in:

In most plants, food is transported in the form of:

Stomata close when guard cells:

When fibrinogen makes blood clot it separates from blood and the remainder is called:
What is correct about human red blood cells?

Which of the following tissue layer is found in all blood vessels?

When do the atria contract?

Which of the following contains deoxygenated blood in an adult human?

Which of the following chambers has the thickest walls in human heart?

Which of these statements is correct about circulatory system?

Exchange of materials between blood and surrounding tissues occurs in:

Which of the following is a type of leukocytes?


Which of the following is a function of human blood?

Valves to prevent the backflow of blood are found in:

Plasma is made up of water and

Which of these are responsible for blood clotting?

A patient with blood group A can be given the blood of donor who has:.

The death of heart tissue is called:

What happens when a mismatched blood group is injected in recipient?

In one heart beat, diastole remains about seconds:


"Lub dubb" can be heard with the help of:

The life of red blood cells is__________days.

When does our heart rest?

Transpiration rate depends upon:

Which part of plant is responsible for transporting food? (OR) The part responsible for
transporting food in the whole body of plant is:

Pumping action of heart was discovered by:

The normal pH of blood is:

The volume Of blood in adult person is about:


"AB" blood group individuals are called:

Which is the hereditary disease?

In dengue fever, which cells are shorten?

In adult human, red blood cells are produced in:

The function of platelets is:

One cubic millimeter of blood contains platelets:

In normal adult human, the weight of heart is:

The temperature range which cause stop the transpiration:


_____________are the most numerous in healthy human blood.

Transpiration takes place through:

The blood vessels that carry blood away from heart:

A person with AB blood group can donate blood to which blood group?

Which cells play role in body's defence?

These are the smallest blood vessels.

Proteins make percentage by weight of plasma:

Water constitutes about of plasma:


"World heart day" is celebrated on:

Which one of the following blood group is universal donor:

The force carries water upward through xylem in plants is called:

Which blood group contains antigen A?

The number of white blood cells in one cubic millimeter is:

Which of the following is a type of leukocytes?

The roots and root hairs absorb water from soil by:

The water lost percent by transpiration is:


The largest and strongest chamber in heart is:

Which part of plants is responsible for transporting water?

The protein which helps in blood clotting is:

Myocardium means:

Blood Cancer is:

__________present in blood make clots.

Blood is the type of tissue:

The heart rate of healthy person is:


Water enters into root hairs by means of:

The average life span, of RBC is about:

Plasma protein which maintain the balance of water in blood is:

Evaporatin of water from the surface of plant is called:

In phloem proper movement of food is ______ way.

Average life duration of a platelet is______ days.

There are how many chambers in the human heart?


1 2 3 4

Population Habitat Community Biosphere

Anatomy Physiology Biotechnology Pharmacology

Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen

Protists Animals Bacteria Fungi

Organelles Tissues Organ Organ system

Tissues Organ Organ system Organism

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues Muscular tissues Nervous tissues


Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Individual level

Organism Organ System Level Organ Tissue

Multicellular
Unicellular eukaryote Unicellular prokaryote Colonial eukaryote
eukaryote

Volvox Spirogyra Euglena Bacteria

Individual Population Community Biosphere

Jabir Bin Hayan Abdul Malik Asmai Bu Ali Sina Darwin

Jabir Bin Hayan Abdul Malik Asmai Bu-Ali-Sina Ibn-Al-Nafees

Al-Nabatat Al-Wahoosh Al-Qanun-fi-al-tib Al-Haywan


Jabir Bin Hayan Abdul Malik Asmai Bu Ali Sina None of these

Unicellular Multicellular Both a & b Colonial

Immunology Pharmacology Palaeontology Parasitology

Morphology Histology Physiology Cell Biology

Tissues Muscles Cells Organs

Biology Morphology Botany Anatomy

Histology Anatomy Genetics Physiology

Botany Zoology Anatomy Histology


Entomology Cell Biology Botany Zoology

Morphology Anatomy Histology Physiology

Biophysics Biochemistry Bioeconomics Biometry

Physics Chemistry Biology Farming

Plants Animals Atoms Cells

Tissues Organelles Insects Bacteria

Socio-biology Parasitology Entomology Pharmacology

Iraq Iran Pakistan England


Ambia Al-Nur Rehman Al-Mominoon

mustard mango tomato potato

Winter Summer Spring Autumn

117.5 173.5 176.5 198.5

Farming Forestry Agriculture Horticulture

90 91 92 93

Jabir Bin Hayan Bu-Ali-Sina Aristotle Abdul Malik Asmai

Atmosphere Oosphere Biosphere Habitat


Root Stem Flower Leave

Neuron Electron Carbon Stomach

Proton Protein Iodine Chlorine

12 14 15 16

two three four five

Rabbit Euglena Horse Frog

Glucose Water Hydrogen Starch

Lipids water glucose carbondioxide


Greek Latin Hindi British

16% 18% 20% 22%

liver stomach Pancreas Oral cavity

60% - 95% 60% - 80% 60% - 90% 60% - 70%

Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen

Lipids Proteins Glucose Starch

Habitat Biosphere Ecosystem Population

Four Six Eight Ten


721 740 780 980

Cells Tissues Systems Organ


Hypothesis, Observations,
Law, Theory,
Observations, Hypothesis, Observations, Hypothesis,
Deduction,
Law, Theory Deduction, Deduction,
Observations
Experimentation Experimentation
must be consistent with all
must be testable must be correct must make predictions
available data

during hypothesis during data


while taking observations none of these
formulation organization
only a controlled
Some observation could experiment can The opposite of
The hypothesis is
prove the hypothesis indicate whether the hypothesis is tested and
proven wrong
incorrect hypothesis is correct proven wrong
or incorrect
Anopheles Culex Dengue Aedes

used reasoning used observation constructed a theory tested a hypothesis


It does not need to be
It agrees with available it has been absolutely
it cannot be rejected altered in the light of
evidence proven
new evidence
Ensures that
Allows rejection of Gives scientists a
Gives the biologist a correct hypotheses can be
some alternative chance to work in the
result confirmed with
hypotheses laboratory
certainty
Plasmodium entamoeba Paramecium E-coli

fly virus mosquito bacteria

cedrus cinchona pinus cactus

Paramecium amoeba Plasmodium virus

dengue fever malaria fever typhoid fever flu fever

dispirin actified quinine paracetamol


mango tree pinus quina quina guava tree

quinine quina quina resochine basoquine

1993 2013 1883 1983

1000 g 789 g 900g 979 g

theories laws deductions experiments

deductions theory hypothesis experiments

experimentation observations deductions hypothesis

geological problem biological method non-biological method all of these


laws deductions experiments problems

hypothesis deduction theory law

theories laws deductions experiments

mammals birds both a and b reptiles

5 6 7 8

Laveran Ronald Ross A.F.A King Mendel

anopheles dengue aedes culex

culex mosquito anopheles mosquito marshy areas vims


1878 1880 1865 1888

culex mosquito anopheles mosquito fly insects

milk acid oil ethanol

aspirine tetracycline quinine morphene

stomach small intestine liver kidneys

experiment observation deduction law

yellow fever T.B Polio Malaria

experiment theory hypothesis deduction


female anopheles
culex mosquito aedes mosquito anopheles mosquito
mosquito

grams. 700 980 1000

chemist biologist geologist scientist

the features they have


how they feed how they respire how they can survive
in common
unicellular and simple true multicellular true multicellular unicellular organisms
multicellular organisms with organisms with no organisms with with no prominent
prominent nucleus prominent nucleus prominent nucleus nucleus

cyanobacteria bacteria algae plants

2 3 4 5

They are too poorly Their genetics cannot They are not considered
They are too small
understood be determined organisms
Monera Protista Fungi None of the above

An order A family A class A phylum

Order Genus Phylum Kingdom

Orders Species Classes Families

Genera Orders Species Classes

Fungi and plantae Fungi and monera Only protista Only fungi

Family Class Species Genus

Canis lupis Saccharum Grant's gazelle E. coli


Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista

Phylum….Class Family….order Class ...order Family...genus

Established Extinct Threatened Endangered

Summer Spring Autumn Winter

Onion Potato Tomato Pea

Homo sapiens Rana tigrina Allium cepa Pisum sativum

Endangered species Global ecosystem Extinct species Population

Kingdom, phylum, Phylum, class, family, Phylum, family, order,


Phylum, family, class, order
class, order order genus
200 400 600 800

China Australia Africa none of these

2 3 4 5

E-Chatton Robert Whittaker Margulis Schwartz

Ernst Hackel Aristotle Carolus Linnaeus Robert Whittaker

180 290 280 490

Taxon Genus Family Species

Tournefort Linnaeus Rivinus John Ray


Monkey Horse Donkey Mule

Fungi Monera Protista Porifera

Ernst Hackel E.Chatton Whittaker Linnaeus

Mushrooms Ferns Algae Mosses

Chakor Patridge sparrow Pigeon Houbara bustard

Chakor Markhor Ibex Urial

Cyanobacteria Algae Fungi Virus

Taxonomy Entomology Anatomy Botany


10 thousand two lac 20 lac one crore

10 million 2 million 1.5 million 0.5 million

Mammalia Primates hominidae Pisum

protista monera fungi plantae

anatomy taxonomy physiology histology

Human Bacteria Fungi Virus

fish bird reptiles plant

order family class phylum


1991 1995 1997 2013

ecosystem variety population community

Whether or not the


The presence or absence of a The presence or Whether or not the cell
cell is partitioned by
cell wall absence of ribosomes contains DNA
internal membranes

10 100 1000 1/1000

Acts as a boundary or regulates passage of


Contains the hereditary functions In the
border for the material in and out of
material recognition of cell
cytoplasm the cell

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins DNA

Plants animals Bacteria Fungi

Robert Brown Robert Hooke Newton Schwann


Greek Iranian Polish British

1958 1665 1560 1470

Chitin peptidoglycan Cellulose Cholesterol

DNA Cholesterol Chitin Cellulose

cell membranes, cell


Mitochondria, chloroplasts chloroplasts, nucleus chloroplasts, cell wall
walls

mitochondrion ehloroplast nucleolus nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleoid Nucleolus Nuclear pore

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Golgi bodies Ribosomes


Polysaccharides Proteins Lipids DNA

polysaccharides proteins lipids DNA

Lipids storage Proteins synthesis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

Matrix Cristae Stroma Thylakoids

ATP synthesis Protein synthesis Photosynthesis DNA replication

Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast All of these

Lignin cellulose Peptidoglycan Chitin

Robert Hooke Louis Pasteur Robert Brown Zacharias Janssen


0.2nm 0.3 nm 0.1 nm 0.12nm

1908 1807 1906 1916

hypotonic hypertonic' isotonic none of these

2 um 4 um 6 um 8 um

Heart Lungs Kidneys Stomach

Photography Endoscopy Microscopy Micrography

Photograph Ponograph Micrograph Cardiograph

Diffusion Phagocytosis Exocytosis Pinocytosis


Schleiden Robert Brown Louis Pasteur Rudolf Virchow

1300X 1400X 1500X 1600X

Mitochondria Golgi bodies Ribosomes Nucleus

50 100 150 200

Chloroplast Leucoplasts Chromoplast Lipids

Semi-permeable Non-permeable
Permeable membrane cell wall
membrane membrane

Muscle tissues Connective tissues Nervous tissues Epithelial tissues

0.2 um 0.3 pm 0.4 um 0.1 um


Proteins and lipids Proteins and vitamins Protein Chitin

Brain Spinal cord Nerves All a, b and c

DNA Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates

0.1mm 0.01 mm 10 mm 100 mm

10 pm 0.2 pm 0.3 pm 1.0 pm

Mitochondria Nucleolus Lysosomes Golgi apparatus

Active transport Osmosis Diffusion Filtration

Cytoplasm Mitochondria Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum


Cristae Leucoplast Granum Stroma

Cellulose Chitin potassium Sodium

Mitochondria ribosome Nucleus Vacuole

2 4 6 8

Robert Hooke Robert Brown Darwin Louis Pasteur

1831 A.D 1834A.D 1883 A.D 1664A.D

golgi bodies mitochondria ribosomes chloroplast

heart cells skin cells nerve cells bone cells


cytoplasm plastids lysosomes mitochondria

mycoplasmas cytoplasm E-coli streptocoli

Christian Rene De
Camillo Golgi Robert Hooke A.F.A. King
Duve

collenchyma mesophyll tracheids sclerenchyma

mitochondria chloroplast lysosomes ribosomes

mesophyll xylem phloem epidermal

lignin cellulose glucose lipids

cutin lignin aspirin albumen


epidermal tissues ground tissues support tissues meristematic tissues

skeletal muscles smooth muscles cardiac muscles epithelial muscles

haemoglobin myoglobin actin tubulin

mitochondria Golgi apparatus ribosomes chloroplast

actin tubulin flagellin myosin

Cuticle Epidermis cortex leaf hairs

Cell wall Cell membrane Dermis Pericycle

1995 AD 1895 AD 1595 AD 1685 AD


Mesophyll Xylem Epidermal Phloem

Gl S M G2

anaphase telophase metaphase prophase

G2 interphase prophase metaphase

Gl phase S phase G2 phase GO phase

metaphase prophase interphase G2 phase

Gl G2 S M

metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis


homologous
sister chromosomes non-sister chromatids sister chromatids
chromosomes
each new cell
each new cell is genetically receives the proper cells will divide at the chromosomes duplicate
different from its parent number of appropriate time without errors
chromosomes
A pinching off of the The formation of a The movement of the
The equal division of
cell membrane to cell plate in the chromosomes from the
homologous chromosomes
divide the cell cytoplasm metaphase plate
Homologous Chromosome pairs are
Homologous chromosomes Chromatids separate
chromosomes cross broken during
pair forming bivalents during anaphase
over anaphase
Condensation of loss of the nuclear formation of pairing of homologous
chromosomes membrane metaphase plate chromosomes

prophase metaphase interphase telophase

Chromosomes The daughter cells are


The chromosome number is
undergo crossing genetically different All of the above
reduced
over from the parent cell

before meiosis I before meiosis II during meiosis I do not duplicate


Chromosomes do not homologous
Homologous chromosomes duplicate in the chromosomes form spindles arc not required
form pairs during mitosis interphase preceding pairs during meiosis during meisois
meiosis I butHalf
notof
mitosis
the
Chromosomes do not Chromosomes do not Sister chromatids
chromosomes from
duplicate during the duplicate between separate during
each gamete are
interphase before meiosis I meiosis I and II anaphase of meiosis I
broken
one two three four

somatic cells spindle fibres germ line cells synapsis

2 3 4 8

benign tumors malignant tumors metastasis none of these

benign malignant metastasis None of these

to make smaller to make greater to cut to duplicate .


parent cells daughter cells somatic cells germ line cells

cytokinesis tetrad chiasmata karyokincsis

karyokinesis cytokinesis Phragmoplast phagocytosis

sea urchin sea lion sea star Paramecium

metaphase I anaphase I telophase I prophase I

prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

dog bites spider bites snake bites mosquito bites

metaphase anaphase prophase telphase


anaphase I metaphase I prophase I telophase I

prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

Mendel Weismann Morgan Lamarck

GO Gl G2 S

S Phase M Phase Gl Phase Prophase

chromatin kinetochore mitotic spindle Cleavage

Mitosis Budding Cutting Spore

Cancer Ulcerm Constipation Cough


Necrosis Apoptosis Somatic cells Synapsis

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase

Nucleus cell Prophase Tissues

hydra funaria moss sea star

Budding Regeneration Mitosis Fragmentation

Gl phase S-phase G2 phase GO phase

regeneration mutation growth budding

50- 100 billion 50 - 80 billion 50 - 90 billion 50 - 70 billion


Rudolf Virchow Walther Flemming August Weismann Oscar Hertwig

Apoptosis Necrosis Osmosis Meiosis

1875 1876 1877 1878

G-l phase S phase G-2 phase G-0 phase

carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids

They make biochemical They lower the they are not very
reactions to proceed activation energy of a specific in their choice they are needed in large
spontaneously reaction of substrate quantities

carbohydrates protiens lipids nucleic acids


break hydrogen bonds in help facilitate enzyme increase activation are composed of
proteins activity energy proteins
loosely attached with
required by all enzymes proteins in nature tightly bound to enzyme
enzymes
all active sites have been The enzyme More substrate has
More substrates acted
occupied by substrate molecules have disturbed the pH of the
as inhibitor
molecules denatured medium

Lipase Pepsin Amylase Protease

Amylase Trypsin Lipase Tylon

Fatty acids Nucleic acid Carbohydrates Amino acids

Vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Fats

Proteins Lipids Glucose Cellulose

Zacharias Janssen Robert Brown Winhelm Kuhne Louis Pasteur


Fatty acids and
Acetic acid Lactic acid Ascorbic acid
glycerol

proteins lipids starch glucose

cofactor active site substrate prosthetic group

Ibn-e-Nafees Jabir Bin Hayan Newton William Harvey

break cut off change split

English Italian Greek Roman

1858 1956 1963 1958

Emil Fischer Daniel Koshland Ibn-e-Nafees Jabir Bin Hayan


concentration of
temperature shapes of active sites pH
substrates

protease lipase amylase pepsin

40°C 46°C 37°C 98°C

enzyme vitamins proteins lipids

1824 1924 1994 1894

Aristotle Robert Brown Emil Fischer Ronald Ross

metabolic site co - enzyme cofactor active site

mouth intestine oesophagus stomach


protease pepsin riboflavin thiamine

alkaline acidic neutral slight basic

lipase amylase protease nuclease

Electron transport
Glycolysis Krebs cycle All of these
chain
Link step between
Glycolysis glycolysis and Krebs Krebs cycle Electron transport chain
cycle
Leaves could not get oxygen Leaves could not get Leaves could not get Leaves could not get
and so there was no light and so there was oxygen and so there light and so there was
photosynthesis no respiration was no respiration no photosynthesis

P-P bonds C-H bonds C-N bonds C-0 bonds

stroma thylakoids plasma membrane cytoplasm


glucose pyruvic acid citric acid acetyl Co-A

carry out anaerobic carry out anaerobic carry out aerobic


carry out aerobic respiration
respiration and so respiration and so respiration and so
at faster rate and so are tired
accumulate more CO, accumulate lactic acid accumulate lactic acid

1 2 3 6

photosynthesis respiration both none of these

green and red green and blue red and blue only green

36 38 40 42

ratio proportion colon tilde

1829 1939 1929 1839


7.8 k.cal/mole 7.9 k.cal/mole 7.10 k.cal/mole 7.3 k.cal/mole

2 3 4 5

DNA ATP AMP ADP

adenine guanine cytocine thyaminc

one - two three four

Fritz Lipman Calvin Karl Lohmann none of these

1% 2% 4% 3%

carbon dioxide oxygen water hydrogen


bacteria virus fungi algae

outer membrane inner membrane stroma thylakoid membranes

reduction oxidation anabolism catabolism

photosynthesis respiration fermentation reproduction

C02 CO N2 O2

3 7 9 30

photosynthesis respiration transpiration evaporation

flower stem chlorophyll leaves


ATP DTP AMP ADP

glucose protein lipid amino acid

Amino acid fatty acid nucleic acid nucleotide

carotenoids chlorophyll-b chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-ab

stroma thylakoid cytosol mitochondria

virus fungi algae bacteria

blue and red green and red blue and green yellow and blue

C3H8OH CH3OH C2H5OH D20


respiration necrosis photosynthesis metastasis

S-scheme Z-scheme L-scheme None of these

3 4 5 6

1-3% 2 - 3% 1 - 2% 3 - 4%

lipids carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids

cmulsification churning absorption peristalsis

available in the soil only in required by plants in small molecules useful, but not required
small amounts small amounts required by plants by plants

beginning of protein breaking the food into all of the above do occur
lubrication of food
digestion small fragments in oral cavity
lubrication defecation mastication assimilation

stomach small intestine oesophagus large intestine

stomach duodenum oesophagus all of these

proteases lipases amylases none of these

colon gallbladder liver duodenum

pepsin bicarbonate HC1 gastrin

hydrochloric acid water mucous lipase

small intestine, liver small intestine, heart liver, heart small intestine, colon
converts glycogen to manufactures produces digestives
converts glucose to glycogen
glucose fibrinogen enzymes

over-intake of protein-energy
mineral deficiency ulcer
nutrients malnutrition

meat group fats, oils and sweets breads and cereals milk and cheese

both calcium and iron for both calcium and iron calcium for blood and calcium for bones and
bones for blood iron for bones iron for blood

emulsification absorption peristalsis digestion

10% 12% 0.90% 4%

A, B, C, D A, D, E, K A, C, E, K B, C, E, D

vitamins A, C. E, K vitamins A, D, E, K . vitamins A, C, K vitamins B-Complex, C


fatty acids acetic acid amino acids minerals

ingestion absorption digestion defecation

100mgormore 100 mg less than 100 mg 10mg

less than 100 mg more than 100 mg 100 mg 200 mg

vitamin A vitamin B vitamin C vitamin D

goiter osteoarthritis marasmus colourblindness

scurvy rickets goiter malaria

scurvy rickets osteomalacia night blindness


iodine calcium ferric sodium

scurvy rickets malaria goiter

A B C D

zinc chlorine copper magnesium

B6 A B12 C

osteomalacia night blindness scurvy rickets

carbohydrates proteins lipids vitamins

potassium sodium iodine calcium


35 cm 25 cm 32 cm 12 cm

Sudan red iodine Benedicts Biuret

iron lead zinc sodium

2 4 6 8

4 kilo calories 5 kilo calories 6 kilo'calories 7 kilo calories

4 9 6 7

A B C D

appendix rectum gall bladder pancreas


ingestion digestion assimilation absorption

A B complex D E

maltose sucrose glucose lactose

large intestine small intestine stomach liver

phosphorous calcium sulphur iron

jejunum rectum colon ileum

digestion ingestion absorption egestion

small intestine large intestine pharynx stomach.


H2S04 H2C03 HNO3 HCl

beans wheat bran rice barley

iron zinc iodine sodium

kwashiorkor anemia marasmus goiter

vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K

3 Kg 1.5 Kg 1.8 Kg 1.2 Kg

A.F.A King Aristotle Buqrat Suqrat

Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D


0.10% 0.20% 0.30% 0.40%

A B C- D

stomach large intestine small intestine heart

vitamin B, C vitamin A, D vitamin A, E vitamin D, K

lipase amylase protease trypsin

goiter constipation obesity marasmus

70% 30% 78% 80%

citrus fruit vegetables liver of cow meat


duodenum pancrease liver stomach

photosynthesis respiration nitrogen metabolism all of these

iron magnesium calcium phosphorous

carbon monoxide carbondioxide oxygen nitrous oxide

oral cavity rectum stomach small intestine

sucrose glucose proteins starch

lose water gain chloride ions become turgid gain potassium ions

lymph plasma serum pus


are capable of
have limited life span produce antibodies are multinucleate
phagocytosis

smooth muscle endothelium skeletal muscle connective tissue

Before diastole After systole During diastole During systole

left atirum pulmonary artery pulmonary vein 'all of the above

right atrium left atrium left ventricle right ventricle

capillaries have systemic circulation


it transports hormones thicker walls than carries blood to and all are true
veins from the lungs

arteries veins capillaries all of the above

lymphocyte eosinophil monocyte all of the above


it regulates body temperature it transports wastes it provides defence all of the above

arteries veins capillaries all of the above

metabolites and wastes salts and ions protiens all of the above

platelets erythrocytes neutrophils basophils

blood group A or AB blood group A or O blood group A only blood group O only

atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis myocardial infarction thalassaemia


antibodies of the
none of these happens
antibodies of the recipient's donor's blood both of these can
and such transfusion can
blood destroy donor's RBCs breakdown recipient's happen
be safe
RBCs
0.6 0.8 0.4 0.7
stethoscope telescope microscope soundbox

120 130 180 90

at night during sitting never during sleep

leaf surface area water content temperature all of these

xylem phloem root leaf

Kelvin Emil Fischer William Harvey Robert Hooke

7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

4 litres 5 litres 6 litres 7 litres


sickle cells universal donors universal recipients necrosis

malaria typhoid leukaemia thalassaemia

R.B.C platelets W.B.C none

ribs spleen liver lungs

blood clotting engulfing the bacteria to produce antibodies to produce antigens

240, 000 250, 000 260, 000 270, 000

200-250 grams 150-200 grams 250-350 grams 100-200.grams

40°C-45°C 10°C-20°C 20°C-40°C 20°C-45°C


red blood cells white blood cells platelets monocytes

stomata cuticle lenticels all of these

arteries veins capillaries lymph

A B AB O

erythrocytes thrombocytes basophils leukocytes

arteries capillaries veins lymph vessels

7-12% 7-18% 7-9% 7-21%

70% - 92% 80% - 90% 72% - 80% 90% - 92%


28-May 28-Sep 23 March 30-Dec

AB-ve - O-ve AB O

osmosis turgor transpiration transpirational pull

A B AB O

7000-8000 8000-9000 5000-6000 2000-3000

lymphocyte eosinophil monocyte above all

osmosis diffusion phloem xylem

80% 30% 90% 40%


right atrium left atrium left ventricle right

xylem phloem root leaf

albumin Antigen fibrinogen haemoglobin

death of tissue muscles of heart ambulus chyme

thalassaemia pneumonia leukaemia arthritis

platelets erythrocytes neutrophils nesophils

epithelial nervous connective muscle

70 beats/min 75 beats/min 80 beats/min 85 beats/min


diffusion osmosis active transport passive transport

two months three months four months five months

albumin fibrinogen fibrin haemoglobin

guttation translocation transpiration transportation

four three two one

7-Aug 6-Jul 7-9 ' 8-9

three four five six


Answer Cancelled
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