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Chol

ecy
sti
ti
s:
Chol
ecyst
it
isisdef
inedasinf
lammati
onofthegall
bladder
.Usual
lyduetoagall
stonethat
bl
ocksthecysti
cduct.Oncet
heducti
sblocked,
thebilebui
ldsupwhichwi
llcauseir
ri
tati
onand
swel
li
ngofthegall
bladder
.

Causesandr
iskf
act
ors:

 Tumor
s

 Bl
ockageduet
oscar
ri
ngorki
nki
ngofcy
sti
cduct
.

 Di
abet
es,
HIV

 Femal
e

 Pr
egnancy

 Ol
derage

 Hor
monet
her
apy

 Nat
iveAmer
ican

 Obesi
ty

 Rapi
dwei
ghtl
ossorwei
ghtgai
n

 Di
abet
es

Ty
pes:

Acut
e:i
sasuddeni
nfl
ammat
ionoft
hegal
l
bladdert
hatcausessev
ereabdomi
nal
pai
n.

Chr
oni
c:i
slongst
andi
ngswel
l
ingandi
rr
it
ati
onoft
hegal
l
bladder.

 Cal
cul
ouschol
ecy
sti
ti
s(90%)

 Acal
cul
ouschol
ecy
sti
ti
s(10%)

Si
gnandSy
mpt
oms:

 Pai
nunderr
ightshoul
derbl
ade

 Fev
er

 Nauseaandv
omi
ti
ng

 Upperr
ight
-si
deabdomi
nal
pai
n
 Bi
l
iar
ycol
i
caf
teraf
att
ymeal

 Jaundi
ce,
gas

 Shr
inki
ngort
hickeni
ngofgal
l
bladder

 I
tchi
ngski
n

 Pal
est
ool

 I
ndi
gest
ion

Di
agnosi
s:

 Labt
est
:CBC,
Bil
i
rubi
n,LFT’
s(Li
verf
unct
iont
est
s)

 Abdomi
nal
ult
rasound

 Abdomi
nal
CT

 Abdomi
nal
X-r
ay

 HI
DAscan

Tr
eat
ment
:

 I
Vfl
uids

 Bedr
est

 Ant
ibi
oti
cs

 Pai
nmedi
cat
ions

 Lapar
oscopi
cchol
ecy
stect
omy

 Sur
gical
gal
lbl
adderr
emov
al(
chol
ecy
stect
omy
)

 Low-
fatdi
etoncedi
eti
srei
ntr
oduced

 Percut
aneousdrai
nageoft
hegal
l
bladder–Usedi
npat
ient
swhomaynotbeabl
eto
tol
erat
esurger
y

Compl
i
cat
ions

 Gal
l
bladderi
nfect
ion.

 Necr
osi
sofgal
l
bladdert
issue

 Gal
l
bladdert
ear
 Pancr
eat
it
is

 Per
for
ati
on

 Per
it
oni
ti
s

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