Kurdistan Region –Iraq ‫عێراق‬-‫هەرێمی کوردستان‬

Raparin Non-Government ‫پەیمانگای راپەرینی‬

For Computer Science ‫ناحکومی بۆ زانستەکانی‬
Department of Network or ‫کۆمپيوتەر‬
program

‫ العراق‬- ‫اقليم كوردستان‬

‫معهد رابرین االهلی‬
‫للعلوم الحاسبوب‬

Raparin Group Network

A Graduated Project Research Submitted By:

Sarbaz Muhamad Mustafa
Hiwa Majid Sahid
Dyako Anawar Ahmad
Zana Omer Swra
Osman Husen Faqe Abdulla

This is a Partial Fulfillment for the Award of a Diploma Degree in

Computer Science

Supervised By:
Amanj Omer F. Ismael
Ranya, KURDISTAN of IRAQ

2019-2020
 ‫الر ِح ِيم‬
‫من َّ‬
‫الر ْح ِ‬
‫س ِم هللاِ َّ‬
‫ِب ْ‬

‫ِين أُوتُوا ا ْل ِع ْل َم‬

‫ِين آ َمنُوا ِم ْن ُك ْم َوالَّذ َ‬ ‫﴿ يَ ْرفَ ِع َّ‬
‫َّللاُ الَّذ َ‬
‫َّللاُ ِب َما ت َ ْع َملُ َ‬
‫ون َخ ِبير ﴾‬ ‫ت َو َّ‬‫د ََر َجا ٍ‬
‫[المجادلة‪]11:‬‬
 ‫بڕیاری سەرپەرشتیار‬
‫من کە سەرپەرشتیاری ئەم توێژینەوەیەم کردووە‪ ،‬لە ژێر‬
‫ناونیشانی‪:‬‬
‫)‪(…………………...…….……………………………………………….‬‬

‫کە لەالیەن) ‪------------------------------------- ، -------------------------------------‬‬

‫‪------------------------------------- ، ---------------------------------------‬‬

‫‪( ----------------------------------------‬‬

‫پێشکەش کراوە لە بەرواری( ‪ )٢٠ / /‬لە پەیمانگەی کۆمپیوتەری ڕاپەڕینی ناحکومی بۆ‬
‫زانستەکانی کۆمپیوتەر دوای خوێندنەوەی ئەم توێژینەوەیە‪ ،‬داواکارم بخرێتە لیژنەی گفتوگۆ‪.‬‬

‫واژوو‪:‬‬

‫سەرپەرشتیار‪:‬‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫بەرواری‪:‬‬

 ‫بڕیاری لیژنەی گفتوگۆ‬
‫گفتۆگۆی ئەم توێژینەوەیەمان کردووە‪ ،‬لە ژێر ناونیشانی‬

‫(‪).......................................................................................................‬‬

‫کە لە الیەن (‪، ............................... ،...............................‬‬

‫‪ )............................... ، ............................... ، ............................‬ئامادە‬
‫) بەرواری ( ‪/ /‬‬ ‫کراوە‪ ،‬وە لە الیەن ئێمەوە گفتوگۆی کرا لە ڕۆژی (‬
‫‪ )٢٠‬بۆیە لە خوارەوە واژۆمان کرد‪.‬‬

‫سەرۆکی لیژنە‬ ‫ئەندام‬ ‫ئەندام‬

 DECLARATION

We, (Sarbaz Muhamad, Hiwa Majid, Dyako Anawar, Zana Omer, Osman Husen) here
by certify that the project report entitled “Raparin Group Network”, carried out under the
guidance of “Amanj Omer F. Ismael “ is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of Diploma in Computer science. This is a record of bona fide
work carried out by us and the results embodied in this project have not been reproduced or
copied from any sources. The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted
to any other university or institute for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Student name Signature

Sarbaz Muhamad Mustafa

Hiwa Majid Sahid

Dyako Anawar Ahmed

Zana Omer swra

Osman Husen Faqe

Date: / / 2020

I
 SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Raparin Group Network”, being
submitted by, (Sarbaz Muhamad, Hiwa Majid, Dyako Anawar, Zana Omer, Osman
Husen) in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of Diploma in
Computer science.

Signature

Amanj Omer F. Ismael

Date: / /20

II
 CERTIFICATE BY THE INSTITUTE
This is to certify that the project report “Raparin Group Network”, being submitted
by (Sarbaz Muhamad, Hiwa Majid, Dyako Anawar, Zana Omer, Osman Husen) in
partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of Diploma in Computer
science.

Name

Swara Hamad Abdulla

Date: / /20

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
At first, thanks to God that we were able to finish our research, we have to thank our research
supervisors, [Amanj Omer F. Ismael] Without their assistance and dedicated involvement
in every step throughout the process, this paper would have never been accomplished. I
would like to thank you very much for your support and understanding over these past five
years.

We are grateful to all of those with whom we have had the pleasure to work during this and
other related projects. Each of the members of our thesis Committee has provided me
extensive personal and professional guidance and taught us a great deal about both scientific
research and life in general
Nobody has been more important to us in the pursuit of this project than the members of our
family. I would like to thank our parents, whose love and guidance are with us in whatever
I pursue. They are the ultimate role models.

IV
 DEDICATION
We dedicate our research to: Raparin Computer institute and students, to our parents and
our brothers and sisters, to our supervisor Amanj Omer F. Ismael. to each and every one
who helps us for finishing our research.

V
 ABSTRACT
The Computer Networking, the connection and configuration of client and server’s
framework, differences in static and dynamic IP address configuration had imposed a great
challenge for students to understand and grab the main concept of computer networking
technology. We have created this project to link together all the non-governmental institutes
and schools of Raparin Group for the purpose of speeding works and watching the Manager
of Raparin Group of Activities and giving new instructions that admitted from Ministry of
Education, we created a local website for exchange information between projects. In the
future we can make the website from local to a public, in order all the students can take
advantages of it.

VI
 CONTENTS
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................... I
SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................ II
CERTIFICATE BY THE INSTITUTE ............................................................................................ III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ IV
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................. V
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... VI
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... IX
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................X
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statements ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Problem Solutions............................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Thesis Statements ............................................................................................................ 2
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Introduction to Network ................................................................................................. 3
2.2 ARPANET - the First Network ...................................................................................... 3
2.3 Computer Network.......................................................................................................... 4
2.3.1 Network are used for:.............................................................................................. 4
2.3.2 Network are used for:.............................................................................................. 4
2.4 What is LAN Network?................................................................................................... 5
2.5 What is WAN Network? ................................................................................................. 5
2.6 Types of computer network topologies: ......................................................................... 6
2.7 Computer Network device: ............................................................................................. 7
2.7.1 What is Router device? ........................................................................................... 7
2.7.2 What is Router device? ........................................................................................... 9
2.8 Network Cables: ............................................................................................................ 10
2.9 Server and Client: ......................................................................................................... 11
2.10 What is Network Protocol? ........................................................................................... 13
2.10.1 Internet Protocol: .................................................................................................. 13
2.10.2 Wireless Network Protocols:................................................................................. 13
2.11 Network Routing Protocols: ......................................................................................... 13
2.12 What is Internet Protocol Address? ............................................................................. 13
2.12.1 What is Internet Protocol (IPv4)? ........................................................................ 14

VII
 2.12.2 What is Internet Protocol (IPv6)? ........................................................................ 14
2.13 IP Address Format: ....................................................................................................... 14
2.14 Internet Protocol Address Classes: .............................................................................. 14
2.15 What is Cloud Computing? .......................................................................................... 15
2.15.1 Cloud computing characteristics and benefits: ................................................... 15
2.16 What is DHCP? ............................................................................................................. 16
2.16.1 How DHCP Works? .............................................................................................. 16
2.16.2 How DHCP Works? .............................................................................................. 16
2.17 What is Cisco System? .................................................................................................. 17
2.18 Introduction to Packet Tracer:..................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 18
3.1 Project Design ................................................................................................................ 18
3.2 VLAN ............................................................................................................................. 18
3.3 Access Points .................................................................................................................. 19
3.4 Web-Server .................................................................................................................... 20
3.5 Server ............................................................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 22
4.1 Discussion and Conclusion............................................................................................ 22
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 23

VIII
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure2.1 (LAN Example) ............................................................................. 5
Figure2.2 (WAN Example) ............................................................................ 5
Figure 2.3(Types of Network Topologies) ..................................................... 6
Figure2.4 (Router device) ............................................................................... 7
figure2.5 (server and client) .......................................................................... 11
Figure3.1 (project design) ............................................................................. 18
Figure3.2 (VLAN design) ............................................................................. 18
Figure3.3 (Access Point) ............................................................................... 19
Figure3.4 (web-server). ................................................................................. 20
Figure3.5 (server). ......................................................................................... 21

IX
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 List types of Router....................................................................... 8
Table 2.2 List of switch types........................................................................ 9
Table 2.3 list common types of server........................................................... 12
Table 2. 4 list of IP address classes................................................................ 15

X
Chapter One Introduction and Structure of Research

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH

Introduction and Structure of Research

1.1 Introduction
We have thought about link together all the projects of Raparin group by a
professional network to do their activities in faster work in the future, and to have a
better security to make data information safe, and to reduce daily routine, we created
a local website to get a guides that come from ministry of education, we have
managed to link together Raparin non-governmental institute for computer science,
Ranya non-governmental High School and Zirak non-governmental Primary School
by using the Cisco Packet Tracer.

1
Chapter One Introduction and Structure of Research

1.2 Problem Statements

Before did not have a network for Raparin Groups, we went to make a network for
Raparin Group to communicate all parts with together for easy working and fast
working.

1.3 Problem Solutions

We are creating a project using a packet tracer for building a network for communicate
each parts with together in a Raparin groups, we did not have all device in really life
because is high cost.

1.4 Objectives
The target of this project is designing a diagram that will be easy to use by humans and
decrees amount of money.

1.5 Thesis Statements

Thesis statement consists to Four chapter, in first chapter we introduce our idea with
problems and some description to solve our problem, in second chapter we described
some definition and basic concepts with general information about social, the final
chapter we are design, conclusion and implementation.

2
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

CHAPTER TWO
NETWORK DEFINITION AND BASIC CONCEPTS

Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.1 Introduction to Network

A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. An
excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all
over the world. To the right is an example image of a home network with multiple
computers and other network devices all connected. A network consists of multiple
devices that communicate with one another. It can be as small as two computers or as
large as billions of devices. While a traditional network is comprised of desktop
computers, modern networks may include laptops, tablets, smartphones, televisions,
gaming consoles, smart appliances, and other electronics.

2.2 ARPANET - the First Network

ARPANET − Advanced Research Projects Agency Network − the granddad of Internet
was a network established by the US Department of Defense (DOD). The work for
establishing the network started in the early 1960s and DOD sponsored major research
work, which resulted in development on initial protocols, languages and frameworks for
network communication. It had four nodes at University of California at Los Angeles
(UCLA), Stanford Research Institute (SRI), University of California at Santa Barbara
(UCSB) and University of Utah. On October 29, 1969, the first message was exchanged
between UCLA and SRI. E-mail was created by Roy Tomlinson in 1972 at Bolt Beranek
and Newman, Inc. (BBN) after UCLA was connected to BBN.

3
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.3 Computer Network

A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware
devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate
communication and resource sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are
commonly categorized based on their characteristics.

2.3.1 Network are used for:

 Facilitate communication via email, video conferencing.
 Enable multiple users to share a single hardware device like a printer
 Enable file sharing across the network.
 Allow for the sharing of software or operating programs on remote.
 Make information easier to access and maintain among network.

2.3.2 Network are used for:

One way to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by their scope
or scale. For historical reasons, the networking industry refers to nearly every type of
design as some kind of area network. Common types of area networks are:
• Local Area Networks (LAN)
• Personal Area Networks (PAN)
• Home Area Networks (HAN)
• Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• Campus Networks
• Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
• Enterprise Private Networks
• Internetworks

4
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.4 What is LAN Network?

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network within a small geographical area
such as a home, school, computer laboratory, office building or group of buildings. A
LAN is composed of inter-connected workstations and personal computers which are
each capable of accessing and sharing data and devices, such as printers, scanners and
data storage devices, anywhere on the LAN. Figure2.3 (LAN Example).

Figure2.1 (LAN Example)

2.5 What is WAN Network?

A wide area network (WAN) is a network that exists over a large-scale geographical
area. A WAN connects different smaller networks, including local area networks
(LANs) and metro area networks (MANs). This ensures that computers and users in one
location can communicate with computers and users in other locations. Figure2.4 (WAN
Example).

Figure2.2 (WAN Example)

5
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.6 Types of computer network topologies:

Network topologies represent the physical or logical structure of a network, common

topologies that include the following major types:

 Full mesh networks: in which all nodes are connected to each other and can exchange
data.
 Partial mesh networks: in which some of the nodes are connected to each other in a
full mesh scheme.
 Point to point network: which is a connection between only two endpoints.
 Network fabric: in which endpoints transfer data to each other through interconnecting
switches and can connect to any other by
taking a path through a crisscross pattern of
connections.
 A tree network: which is a combination of
two or more star networks connected
together.
 A star network: in which the nodes are
connected to a common central computer.
 A Bus: a circuit arrangement where all
network devices are attached directly to a
transmission line directly, and while all Figure 2.3
signals pass through all devices, each device
(Types of Network Topologies)
has a unique identity and recognizes signals
intended for it. Figure 2.4(Types Network Topologies).

6
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.7 Computer Network device:

Computer networking devices are known by different names such as networking
devices, networking hardware, network equipment etc. however, all of the names mean
the same but have different purposes. after covering different topics on network
topologies and their advantages and disadvantages, we are here once again with a
series on the network devices. different networking devices have different roles to play
in a computer network. These network devices also work at different segments of a
computer network performing different works. In our new series after network
topology, we talk about different networking devices like a switch, router, hub, bridge
etc.

2.7.1 What is Router device?

A router is a type of device, which acts as the central point among computers, and other
devices that are a part of the network. It is equipped with holes called ports. Computers and
other devices are connected to a router using network cables. Now-a-days router comes in
wireless modes using which computers
can be connected without any physical
cable. Figure2.7 (Router device)

Figure2.4 (Router device)

7
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

Table 2.1 types of Router

Wired routers are typically box-shaped devices that connect

directly to computers via "hard-lined" or wired connections. One
connection port on a wired router allows the router to connect to
a modem for receiving Internet data packs, while another set of
ports allows a wired router to connect to computers for
Wired Router
distributing Internet data packets. Some wired routers also
provide ports for distributing data packets to fax machines and
telephones. One of the most common varieties of wired router is
the Ethernet broadband router.

Similar to a wired router, a wireless router connects directly to

a modem via a cable for receiving Internet data packets. However,
instead of relying on cables for distributing data packets
to computers, wireless routers distribute data packets using one or
more antennae. The routers convert the data packets, which are
Wireless Router written in binary code -- or series of 1s and 0s -- into radio signals,
which the antennae broadcast wirelessly. A computer with a
wireless receiver can then receive these radio signals and convert
them back into binary code. Unlike a wired router, which
establishes a wired local area network (LAN.

(Table 2.1 List types of Router)

8
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.7.2 What is Router device?

Like a hub, a switch also works at the layer of LAN (Local Area Network) but you can
say that a switch is more intelligent than a hub. While hub just does the work of data
forwarding, a switch does ‘filter and forwarding’ which is a more intelligent way of
dealing with the data packets. See table 2.2 switch types.

Table 2.2 of switch types

LAN Switch Local area network switches or LAN

switches are usually used to connect
points on a company’s internal LAN.

Unmanaged Switch Unmanaged network switches are

frequently used in home networks, small
companies and businesses.

Managed Switch Compared to unmanaged switches, the

advantage of managed switches is that
they can be customized

PoE Switch PoE Gigabit Ethernet switch is a network

switch that utilizes Power over Ethernet
technology.

Stackable Switch Stackable switches provide a way to

simplify and increase the availability of
the network.

(Table 2.2 List of switch types)

9
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.8 Network Cables:

Network cables are used to connect computers. The most commonly used cable is
Category 5 cable RJ-45. There are different types of communications cables, and the
appropriate type to use will depend on the structure and topology of the overall
architecture of the system. The most commonly used types of communications cables
are dominated by what is referred to as “twisted pair cable”. In local area networks;
typically, office environments, retail and commercial sites, copper communications
cabling, i.e., twisted pair cable is by far the most commonly used type of cable.

There are different types of communications cables, and the appropriate type to use
will depend on the structure and topology of the overall architecture of the system. The
most commonly used types of communications cables are dominated by what is
referred to as “twisted pair cable”. In local area networks; typically, office
environments, retail and commercial sites, copper communications cabling.

Twisted pair cable is used in many Ethernet networks. Comprising of four pairs of thin
wires or conductors, these 'wires' or conductors, are contained inside of the insulation
or outer sheath of the cable. Each pair is twisted into several additional twists.

Fiber optic cabling is specified where high bandwidths may be needed; especially in
the data center environment and where an installation demands high capacity, typically
a hospital, airports.

10
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.9 Server and Client:

A server is an instance of a computer program that accepts and responds to requests
made by another program, known as a client. Less formally, any device that runs
server software could be considered a server as well. Servers are used to manage
network resources. For example, a user may setup a server to control access to a
network, send/receive e-mail, manage print jobs, or host a website. Table 2.3 types
list of server devices

A client is a computer that connects to and uses the resources of a remote

computer, or server. Many corporate networks comprise a client computer for each
employee, each of which connects to the corporate server. The server provides
resources like files, information, Internet and intranet access, and external
processing power. In the case of processing, any work done on the server is referred
to as "server-side" work. Any work done on the local client is similarly called
"client-side.”

figure2.5 (server and client).

11
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

Table 2.3 common types of server

Web Servers Web servers show pages and run apps

through web browsers. The server your
browser is connected to right now is a
web server that is delivering this page,
any images you might see, etc.

Email Servers Email servers facilitate the sending and

receiving of email messages.

FTP Server FTP servers support the moving of files

through File Transfer Protocol tools.

Identity servers Identity servers support logins and

security roles for authorized users.

Server Clusters The word cluster is used broadly in

computer networking to refer to
implementations of shared computing
resources.

Servers at Home People can run servers at home,

accessible only to devices attached to
their home network. For example, some
network-aware hard drives use
the Network Attached Storage server
protocol to allow different PCs on the
home network to access a shared set of
files.

(Table 2.3 list common types of server)

12
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.10 What is Network Protocol?

Network protocols are formal standards and policies comprised of rules, procedures
and formats that define communication between two or more devices over a network.
Network protocols govern the end-to-end processes of timely, secure and managed
data or network communication.

2.10.1 Internet Protocol:

The Internet Protocol family contains a set of related (and among the most widely
used network protocols. Beside Internet Protocol (IP) itself, higher-level protocols
like TCP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP all integrate with IP to provide additional
capabilities. Similarly, lower-level Internet Protocols like ARP and ICMP also co-
exist with IP.

2.10.2 Wireless Network Protocols:

Network protocols designed for use on wireless networks must support roaming
mobile devices and deal with issues such as variable data rates and network security.

2.11 Network Routing Protocols:

Routing protocols are special-purpose protocols designed specifically for use by
network routers on the Internet. A routing protocol can identify other routers, manage
the pathways (called routes) between sources and destinations of network messages,
and make dynamic routing decisions. Common routing protocols include EIGRP,
OSPF and BGP.

2.12 What is Internet Protocol Address?

The IP address is the core component on which the networking architecture is built;
no network exists without it. An IP address is a logical address that is used to
uniquely identify every node in the network. Because IP addresses are logical, they
can change. They are similar to addresses in a town or city because the IP address
gives the network node an address so that it can communicate with other nodes or
networks, just like mail is sent to friends and relatives.
13
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

2.12.1 What is Internet Protocol (IPv4)?

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth revision of the Internet Protocol and
a widely used protocol in data communication over different kinds of networks. IPv4
is a connectionless protocol used in packet-switched layer networks, such as
Ethernet. It provides the logical connection between network devices by providing
identification for each device. There are many ways to configure IPv4 with all kinds
of devices – including manual and automatic configurations.

2.12.2 What is Internet Protocol (IPv6)?

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer protocol that enables data
communications over a packet switched network. Packet switching involves the
sending and receiving of data in packets between two nodes in a network. The
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) published the working standard for the IPv6
protocol in 1998. The IETF specification for IPv6 is RFC 2460.

2.13 IP Address Format:

In this article we will focus on IPv4 since it is widely used, we will talk about IPv6 in
a different article to avoid confusion. Therefore, an IPv4 address consists of 32 bits
represented by four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be a number
between zero and 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 is an example of an IPv4 address.
When constructing a network, IP addresses can be assigned randomly provided that
each IP address is a unique address, this uniqueness is essential to avoid sending data
to multiple destinations or to the wrong destination. An IP address can be a static or a
dynamic IP address. A static IP address is a permanent Internet address and will never
change. A dynamic IP address changes every time a device connects to the internet, so
a dynamic address is considered a temporary address.

2.14 Internet Protocol Address Classes:

Internet Protocol hierarchy contains several classes of IP Addresses to be used
efficiently in various situations as per the requirement of hosts per network. Broadly,
the IPv4 Addressing system is divided into five classes of IP Addresses.

14
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

Table 2.4 of IP address classes.

(Table 2.4 list of IP address classes)

2.15 What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of hosted services over the
internet. Cloud computing enables companies to consume a compute resource, such
as a virtual machine (VM), storage or an application, as a utility -- just like electricity
-- rather than having to build and maintain computing infrastructures in house.

2.15.1 Cloud computing characteristics and benefits:

Cloud computing boasts several attractive benefits for businesses and end users. Five
of the main benefits of cloud computing are:

• Self-service provisioning: End users can spin up compute resources for almost any
type of workload on demand. This eliminates the traditional need for IT
administrators to provision and manage compute resources.

• Elasticity: Companies can scale up as computing needs increase and scale down
again as demands decrease. This eliminates the need for massive investments in local
infrastructure.

• Pay per use: Compute resources are measured at a granular level, enabling users to
pay only for the resources and workloads they use.

15
Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

• Workload resilience: Cloud service providers often implement redundant resources

to ensure resilient storage and to keep users.

• Migration flexibility: Organizations can move certain workloads to or from the

cloud -- or to different cloud platforms.

2.16 What is DHCP?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that is commonly used
in networks for dynamic IP addressing configuration. Every user’s device needs at
least IP address to join the network and connect to services. When computer first
connects to local network with cable or Wi-Fi SSID, first thing is to look for IP
address, net mask, default gateway and DNS servers.

2.16.1 How DHCP Works?

DHCP provides an automated way to distribute and update IP addresses and other
configuration information on a network. A DHCP server provides this information to
a DHCP client through the exchange of a series of messages, known as the DHCP
conversation or the DHCP transaction. If the DHCP server and DHCP clients are
located on different subnets, a DHCP relay agent is used to facilitate the conversation.

2.16.2 How DHCP Works?

1. A DHCP server is configured to manage the provision of IP addresses and is an

essential requirement to run DHCP protocol.
2. For DHCP to operate, the clients need to be configured with it. When a DHCP-aware
client connects to the network, the client broadcasts a request to the DHCP server for
the network settings.
3. The server responds to the client’s request by providing the necessary IP
configuration information.

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Chapter Two Network Definition and Basic Concepts

4. The DHCP server is ideally suited in scenarios where there is a regular inclusion and
exclusion of network nodes like wireless.

2.17 What is Cisco System?

CISCO SYSTEMS INC. is worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. The
company was founded in 1984 by two computer scientists from Stanford University
seeking an easier way to connect different types of computer systems. Cisco Systems
shipped its first product in 1986 and is now a multi-national corporation, with over
35,000 employees in more than 115 countries. Today, Cisco solutions are the
networking foundations for service providers, small to medium business and enterprise
customers, which includes corporations, government agencies, utilities and
educational institutions. Cisco’s networking solutions connect people, computing
devices and computer networks, allowing people to access or transfer information
without regard to differences in time.

2.18 Introduction to Packet Tracer:

It is designed for beginners with no prior networking knowledge. The self-paced
course teaches the basic operations of Cisco Packet Tracer, the robust simulation tool
used to visualize networks. Multiple hands-on activities focus on everyday examples
including networking and Internet of Things (IoT) exposing learners to important
concepts while at the same time reinforcing learnings.

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CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION

CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Design and Implementation

3.1 Project Design
The figure shows the project design; our project contains three VLANs.

Figure3.1 (project design).

3.2 VLAN
VLAN is used to link together networks of a city, office of a companies
or buildings. VLAN is smaller than MAN and is bigger than LAN.

Figure3.2 (VLAN design).

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CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION

3.3Access Points
this figure shows the configuring and setting of Access Point and Password that used to
link up personal computers by using Wi-Fi.

Figure3.3 (Access Point).

19
CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION

3.4 Web-Server
we created a local website to exchange the information between members, and only
members can access it.

Figure3.4 (web-server).

20
CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION

3.5 Server
this figure shows activating DNS & DHCP in the Server in order to obtain the IP Address
automatically to PCs, Clients and Ipads.

Figure3.5 (server).

21
CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION

CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION
4.1 Discussion and Conclusion
In this project, a Local Area Network (LAN) that uses both wired and wireless topology
have been implemented with some important concepts like DHCP, DNS, Email, VLANs
in a single network using Cisco Design and Simulation of Local Area Network Using
Cisco Packet Tracer. VLANs have been used to logically group clients on the network,
and with the aid of a router and switch configurations, data packets routed from one
device to another. It is also noteworthy that, the configuration and specifications are for
the initial prototype and can further be developed and additional functionality can be
added to increase support and coverage. The procedures provide a veritable approach
for the design of LANs for end-to-end IP network connectivity for next generation
network architecture implementations.

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 REFERENCES

[1]. Tim Reardon, Planning, Designing and operating local area networks, DISAM Journal,
Summer, 1997.
[2]. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_networks, Retrieved 10th October, 2016.
[3]. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/local_area_network, Retrieved 10th October, 2016.
[4]. Garima Jain, Nasreen Noorani, Nisha Kiran, Sourabh Sharma, Designing & simulation
of topology network using Packet Tracer,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2(2), 2015.
[5]. Alan Dennis, Networking in the Internet age (John Wiley & Sons, 2002).
[6]. Kenan Xu, Performance analysis of differentiated QoS MAC in wireless local area
networks (WLANs), Thesis Submitted to the
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Canada.
September, 2003.
[7]. David D. C., Kenneth T.P., David P.R, An introduction to local area networks, Proc. of
the IEEE conf., Vol. 66, 1978.
[8]. Todd Lammle, Cisco Certified network associate study guide (Wiley Publishing Inc.,
2007).

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