Formulae

Sine Law sin A sin B sin C

= =
a b c
Cosine Law a + b  2ab cosC = c 2
2 2

Trigonometric Identities 1
sin  =
csc 
1
cos =
sec 
1
tan  =
cot 
sin 
tan  =
cos
cos
cot  =
sin 
sin  + cos 2  = 1
2

1 + cot 2  = csc 2 
tan 2  + 1 = sec 2 
Arithmetic Sequence and Series t n = a + ( n  1) d
n ( a + tn )
Sn =
2
n  2a + ( n  1) d 
Sn =
2
n 1
Geometric Sequence and Series t n = ar

Sn =
(
a rn  1 )
r 1
t n +1  t1
Sn =
r 1
Future Value of an Annuity (1 + i )n  1
FV = R   
i
Present Value of an Annuity 1  (1 + i ) n 
PV = R   
i
Compound Interest A = P (1 + i )
n

Quadratic Formula
b ± b 2  4ac
x=
2a