MACRO VISION ACADEMY

MATHEMATICS

SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
Trigonometry Phase-III

CONTENTS
KEY-CONCEPTS
EXERCISE - I
EXERCISE - II
EXERCISE - III
ANSWER KEY
 KEY CONCEPTS
a b c
I. SINE FORMULA : In any triangle ABC ,   .
sin A sin B sin C
b 2 c 2 a 2
II. COSINE FORMULA : (i) cos A = or a² = b² + c²  2bc. cos A
2bc
c 2 a 2 b 2 a 2 b 2 c 2
(ii) cos B = (iii) cos C =
2ca 2ab
III. PROJECTION FORMULA : (i) a = b cos C + c cos B (ii) b = c cos A + a cos C
(iii) c = a cos B + b cos A
BC bc A
IV. NAPIER’S ANALOGY  TANGENT RULE : (i) tan = cot
2 b c 2
CA ca B AB a  b C
(ii) tan = cot (iii) tan = cot
2 ca 2 2 a b 2
V. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF HALF ANGLES :
A (sb)(sc) B (sc)(sa ) C (sa )(sb)
(i) sin = ; sin = ; sin =
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab

A s(sa ) B s(sb) C s(sc)

(ii) cos = ; cos = ; cos =
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab

A (sb)(sc)  a b c
(iii) tan = = where s = &  = area of triangle.
2 s(sa ) s(sa ) 2
(iv) Area of triangle = s(sa )(sb)(sc) .
VI. MN RULE : In any triangle ,
(m + n) cot   m cot   n cot 
 n cot B  m cot C
1 1 1
VII. ab sin C = bc sin A = ca sin B = area of triangle ABC .
2 2 2
a b c
  = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
a bc
Note that R = 4  ; Where R is the radius of circumcircle &  is area of triangle
VIII. Radius of the incircle ‘r’ is given by :
 a bc A B C
(a) r = where s = (b) r = (s  a) tan= (s  b) tan = (s  c) tan
s 2 2 2 2
a sin B2 sin C2 A B C
(c) r = & so on (d) r = 4R sin sin sin
cos A2 2 2 2

IX. Radius of the Ex circles r1 , r2 & r3 are given by :

   A B C
(a) r1 = ; r2 = ; r3 = (b) r1 = s tan ; r2 = s tan ; r3 = s tan
sa sb sc 2 2 2
a cos B2 cos C2 A B C
(c) r1 = & so on (d) r1 = 4 R sin . cos . cos ;
cos A2 2 2 2

B A C C A B
r2 = 4 R sin . cos . cos ; r3 = 4 R sin . cos . cos
2 2 2 2 2 2

Trig.-- III [2]

X. LENGTH OF ANGLE BISECTOR & MEDIANS :
If ma and a are the lengths of a median and an angle bisector from the angle A then,
1 2 bc cos A
2
ma = 2 b 2  2 c 2  a 2 and a =
2 bc
3 2
Note that m 2a  m2b  m2c = (a + b2 + c2)
4
XI. ORTHOCENTRE AND PEDAL TRIANGLE :
The triangle KLM which is formed by joining the feet of the altitudes is
called the pedal triangle.
 the distances of the orthocentre from the angular points of the
 ABC are 2 R cosA , 2 R cosB and 2 R cosC
 the distances of P from sides are 2 R cosB cosC,
2 R cosC cosA and 2 R cosA cosB
 the sides of the pedal triangle are a cosA (= R sin 2A),
b cosB (= R sin 2B) and c cosC (= R sin 2C) and its angles are
 2A,  2B and  2C.
 circumradii of the triangles PBC, PCA, PAB and ABC are equal .
XII EXCENTRAL TRIANGLE :
The triangle formed by joining the three excentres I1, I2 and I3
of  ABC is called the excentral or excentric triangle.
Note that :
 Incentre I of  ABC is the
orthocentre of the excentral  I1I2I3 .
  ABC is the pedal triangle of the  I1I2I3 .
 the sides of the excentral triangle are
A B C
4 R cos , 4 R cos and 4 R cos
2 2 2
 A  B
and its angles are  ,  and   C .
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
 I I1 = 4 R sin ; I I2 = 4 R sin ; I I3 = 4 R sin .
2 2 2
XIII. THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE SPECIAL POINTS :
(a) The distance between circumcentre and orthocentre is = R . 1  8 cos A cos B cos C
(b) The distance between circumcentre and incentre is = R 2  2 R r

(c) The distance between incentre and orthocentre is 2 r 2  4 R 2 cos A cos B cos C
XIV. Perimeter (P) and area (A) of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a circle of radius r are given by
 1 2
P = 2nr sin and A = nr2 sin
n 2 n
Perimeter and area of a regular polygon of n sides circumscribed about a given circle of radius r is given by
 
P = 2nr tan and A = nr2 tan
n n
XV. In many kinds of trignometric calculation, as in the solution of triangles, we often require the logarithms of
trignometrical ratios . To avoid the trouble and inconvenience of printing the proper sign to the logarithms
of the trignometric functions, the logarithms as tabulated are not the true logarithms, but the true logarithms
increased by 10 . The symbol L is used to denote these "tabular logarithms" . Thus :
L sin 15º 25 = 10 + log10 sin 15º 25
and L tan 48º 23 = 10 + log10 tan 48º 23
Trig.-- III [3]
 EXERCISE–I
With usual notations, prove that in a  ABC:
bc ca a b
Q.1   0 Q.2 a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2(R + r)
r1 r2 r3
r1 r2 r3 3 r1  r r2  r c
Q.3    Q.4  
(s  b) (s  c) (s  c) (s  a ) (s  a ) (s  b) r a b r3

abc A B C C C
Q.5 cos cos cos =  Q.6 (r1 + r2)tan = (r3  r) cot = c
s 2 2 2 2 2
BC CA AB
Q.7 (r1 r) (r2 r)(r3 r) = 4 R r2 Q.8 (r + r1)tan +(r + r2)tan +(r + r3) tan =0
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 a 2  b 2  c2
Q.9     Q.10 (r3+ r1) (r3+ r2) sin C = 2 r3 r2 r3  r3r1  r1r2
r2 2
r1 r2
2
r3
2
2

1 1 1 1  1 1   1 1   1 1  4R
Q.11    Q.12       
 r r   r r   r r  r 2s 2
bc ca ab 2Rr  1 2 3
2
bc  r2 r3 ca  r3r1 ab  r1r2 1 1 1 1  41 1 1 
Q.13   =r Q.14          
r1 r2 r3 r r r r  r  r1 r2 r3 
 1 2 3
Q.15 Rr (sin A + sin B + sin C) =  Q.16 2R cos A = 2R + r – r1
A B C s2 A B C r
Q.17 cot + cot + cot = Q.18 cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 2 +
2 2 2  2 2 2 2R

A B C
tan tan tan
2 2 2
Q.19 + + = 1/
(a  b)(a  c) (b  a )(b  c) ( c  a )(c  b)

Q.20 If r1 = r + r2 + r3 then prove that the triangle is a right angled triangle.

Q.21 If two times the square of the diameter of the circumcircle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the squares
of its sides then prove that the triangle is right angled.
Q.22 In acute angled triangle ABC, a semicircle with radius ra is constructed with its base on BC and tangent
to the other two sides. rb and rc are defined similarly. If r is the radius of the incircle of triangle ABC then
2 1 1 1
prove that, =   .
r ra rb rc
Q.23 If the length of the perpendiculars from the vertices of a triangle A, B, C on the opposite sides are
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
p1, p2, p3 then prove that + + = = + + .
p1 p2 p3 r r1 r2 r3
A B C
Q.24 Prove that in a triangle, 8rR(cos2 + cos2 + cos2 ) = 2bc + 2ca + 2ab  a2  b2  c2.
2 2 2
bc ca ab  a b   b c   c a  
Q.25 Prove that in a triangle    2R             3 .
r1 r2 r3  b a   c b   a c  

Trig.-- III [4]

 EXERCISE–II
bc ca a b
Q.1 With usual notation, if in a  ABC,   ; then prove that, cos A  cos B  cos C .
11 12 13 7 19 25
A bc
Q.2 For any triangle ABC , if B = 3C, show that cos C = b  c & sin = .
4c 2 2c
3 
Q.3 In a triangle ABC, BD is a median. If l (BD) = · l (AB) and  DBC = . Determine the ABC.
4 2
Q.4 ABCD is a trapezium such that AB , DC are parallel & BC is perpendicular to them. If angle
(p 2  q 2 ) sin 
ADB =  , BC = p & CD = q , show that AB = .
p cos   q sin 

1 (m  1)(m  3)
Q.5 Let 1 < m < 3. In a triangle ABC , if 2b = (m + 1) a & cos A = prove that there
2 m
are two values to the third side , one of which is m times the other.
Q.6 If sides a, b, c of the triangle ABC are in A.P., then prove that
A B C
sin2 cosec 2A; sin2 cosec 2B; sin2 cosec 2C are in H.P..
2 2 2
Q.7 Find the angles of a triangle in which the altitude and a median drawn from the same vertex divide the
angle at that vertex into 3 equal parts.
A B C
Q.8 In a triangle ABC, if tan , tan , tan are in AP. Show that cos A, cos B, cos C are in AP.
2 2 2
Q.9 ABCD is a rhombus. The circumradii of  ABD and ACD are 12.5 and 25 respectively. Find the area
of rhombus.
cot C
Q.10 In a triangle ABC if a2 + b2 = 101c2 then find the value of .
cot A  cot B
Q.11 The two adjacent sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 2 & 5 and the angle between them is 60°. If the area
of the quadrilateral is 4 3 , find the remaining two sides.
Q.12 If I be the incentre of the triangle ABC and x, y, z be the circum radii of the triangles IBC, ICA & IAB,
show that 4R3  R (x2 + y2 + z2)  xyz = 0.

cos A  2 cos C sin B

Q.13 If in a triangle ABC, = , prove that the triangle ABC is either isosceles or right angled.
cos A  2 cos B sin C
Q.14 Sides a, b, c of the triangle ABC are in H.P. , then prove that
cosec A (cosec A + cot A) ; cosec B (cosec B + cot B) & cosec C (cosec C + cot C) are in A.P.
3R
Q.15 A point ‘O’ is situated on a circle of radius R and with centre O, another circle of radius is described.
2
Inside the crescent shaped area intercepted between these circles, a circle of radius R/8 is placed . If the
same circle moves in contact with the original circle of radius R, then find the length of the arc described
by its centre in moving from one extreme position to the other.
Q.16 ABC is a triangle. D is the middle point of BC. If AD is perpendicular to AC, then prove that
2(c 2  a 2 )
cos A . cos C = .
3ac

Trig.-- III [5]

 a b
Q.17 In a  ABC, (i) = (ii) 2 sin A cos B = sin C
cos A cos B
A A C
(iii) tan2 + 2 tan tan  1 = 0, prove that (i)  (ii)  (iii)  (i).
2 2 2
AC ac
Q.18 In a triangle the angles A, B, C are in AP. Show that 2 cos = .
2 a 2  ac  c 2
Q.19 If p1 , p2 , p3 are the altitudes of a triangle from the vertices A , B , C &  denotes the area of the
1 1 1 2ab 2 C
triangle , prove that p  p  p = (a  b  c) cos 2 .
1 2 3

AB
Q.20 If a tan A + b tan B = (a + b) tan , prove that triangle ABC is isosceles.
2
Q.21 The triangle ABC (with side lengths a, b, c as usual) satisfies
log a2 = log b2 + log c2 – log (2bc cosA). What can you say about this triangle?

CE (a  b) 2
Q.22 If the bisector of angle C of triangle ABC meets AB in D & the circumcircle in E prove that,  .
DE c2
Q.23 With reference to a given circle, A1 and B1 are the areas of the inscribed and circumscribed regular
polygons of n sides, A2 and B2 are corresponding quantities for regular polygons of 2n sides. Prove that
(1) A2 is a geometric mean between A1 and B1.
(2) B2 is a harmonic mean between A2 and B1.

Q.24 If A0 denotes the area of the triangle formed by joining the points of contact of the inscribed circle of the
triangle ABC and the sides of the triangle; A1, A2 and A3 are the corresponding areas for the triangles
thus formed with the escribed circles of  ABC. Prove that, A1 + A2 + A3 = 2A + A0 where A is the area
of the triangle ABC.
Q.25 Consider a  DEF, the pedal triangle of the  ABC such that A–F–B and B–D–C are collinear. If H is
the incentre of  DEF and R1, R2, R3 are the circumradii of the quadrilaterals AFHE; BDHF
and CEHD respectively, then prove that
 R1 = R + r where R is the circumradius and r is the inradius of  ABC.
Q.26 The triangle ABC is a right angled triangle, right angle at A. The ratio of the radius of the circle circumscribed
 
to the radius of the circle escribed to the hypotenuse is, 2 : 3  2 . Find the acute angles B & C.
Also find the ratio of the two sides of the triangle other than the hypotenuse.

Q.27 ABC is a triangle. Circles with radii as shown are drawn inside
the triangle each touching two sides and the incircle. Find the
radius of the incircle of the ABC.

Q.28 In a plane of the given triangle ABC with sides a, b, c the points A, B, C are taken so that the
 A BC,  ABC and  ABC are equilateral triangles with their circum radii Ra, Rb, Rc; in-radii ra,
rb, rc & exradii ra , rb & rc respectively. Prove that ;
 3R a  6ra  2ra 3  tan A
(i)  ra :  Ra :  ra = 1 : 8 : 27 & (ii) r1 r2 r3 =
648 3 2

Trig.-- III [6]

Q.29 In a scalene triangle ABC the altitudes AD & CF are dropped from the vertices A & C to the sides BC
& AB. The area of  ABC is known to be equal to 18, the area of triangle BDF is equal to 2 and length
of segment DF is equal to 2 2 . Find the radius of the circle circumscribed.
Q.30 Consider a triangle ABC with A1, B1, C1, as the centres of the excirlces opposite to the verticles A, B,
C respectively.
Ar .(A1BC )  Ar.( AB1C)  Ar .(ABC1 ) 1
Show that 
S( R 12  R 22  R 32 ) 2R
Where R, R1, R2, R3 are the circum radii of ABC, A1BC, AB1C and ABC1 respectively and S
is the semiperimeter of ABC.
EXERCISE–III
Q.1 If in a  ABC , a = 6, b = 3 and cos(A  B) = 4/5 then find its area. [REE ’97, 6]
Q.2 If in a triangle PQR, sin P, sin Q, sin R are in A.P., then [JEE ’98, 2]
(A) the altitudes are in A.P. (B) the altitudes are in H.P.
(C) the medians are in G.P. (D) the medians are in A.P.
Q.3 Two sides of a triangle are of lengths 6 and 4 and the angle opposite to smaller side is 300. How many
such triangles are possible ? Find the length of their third side and area. [REE ’98, 6]
Q.4 Let ABC be a triangle having 'O' and 'I' as its circumcentre and incentre respectively . If R and r are the
circumradius and the inradius respectively, then prove that, (IO)2 = R2  2Rr.
Further show that the triangle BIO is a right triangle if and only if b is the arithmetic mean of a and c.
[JEE '99, 10 (out of 200)]
Q.5 The radii r1, r2, r3 of escribed circles of a triangle ABC are in harmonic progression. If its area is
24 sq. cm and its perimeter is 24 cm, find the lengths of its sides. [REE '99, 6]

Q.6(a) In a triangle ABC , Let  C = . If ' r ' is the inradius and ' R ' is the circumradius of the triangle, then
2
2(r + R) is equal to:
(A) a + b (B) b + c (C) c + a (D) a + b + c
1
(b) In a triangle ABC , 2 a c sin (A  B + C) =
2
(A) a2 + b2  c2 (B) c2 + a2  b2 (C) b2  c2  a2 (D) c2  a2  b2
[JEE '2000 (Screening) 1 + 1]
Q.7 Let ABC be a triangle with incentre ' I ' and inradius ' r ' . Let D, E, F be the feet of the perpendiculars
from I to the sides BC, CA & AB respectively . If r1 , r2 & r3 are the radii of circles inscribed in the
quadrilaterals AFIE , BDIF & CEID respectively, prove that
r1 r r r1 r2 r3
 2  3 = . [JEE '2000, 7]
r  r1 r  r2 r  r3 (r  r1 )(r  r2 )(r  r3 )
1
Q.8 If  is the area of a triangle with side lengths a, b, c, then show that:  <
4
a  b  cabc
Also show that equality occurs in the above inequality if and only if a = b = c. [JEE ' 2001]
Q.9 Which of the following pieces of data does NOT uniquely determine an acute–angled triangle ABC
(R being the radius of the circumcircle)?
(A) a, sinA, sinB (B) a, b, c (C) a, sinB, R (D) a, sinA, R
[ JEE ' 2002 (Scr), 3 ]

Trig.-- III [7]

Q.10 If In is the area of n sided regular polygon inscribed in a circle of unit radius and On be the area of the
polygon circumscribing the given circle, prove that

On  2
1  1   2I n  
In = 2    [JEE 2003, Mains, 4 out of 60]
 n  
 
Q.11 The ratio of the sides of a triangle ABC is 1 : 3 : 2. The ratio A : B : C is
(A) 3 : 5 : 2 (B) 1 : 3 :2 (C) 3 : 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 2 : 3
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]
Q.12(a) In ABC, a, b, c are the lengths of its sides and A, B, C are the angles of triangle ABC. The correct
relation is
BC A A BC
(A) (b  c) sin    a cos  (B) (b  c) cos   a sin  
 2  2 2  2 
BC A A BC
(C) (b  c) sin    a cos  (D) (b  c) cos   2a sin  
 2  2 2  2 
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]
(b) Circles with radii 3, 4 and 5 touch each other externally if P is the point of intersection of tangents to these
circles at their points of contact. Find the distance of P from the points of contact.
[JEE 2005 (Mains), 2]
Q.13(a) Given an isosceles triangle, whose one angle is 120° and radius of its incircle is 3 . Then the area of
triangle in sq. units is
(A) 7 + 12 3 (B) 12 – 7 3 (C) 12 + 7 3 (D) 4
[JEE 2006, 3]
(b) Internal bisector of A of a triangle ABC meets side BC at D. A line drawn through D perpendicular to
AD intersects the side AC at E and the side AB at F. If a, b, c represent sides of ABC then
2bc A
(A) AE is HM of b and c (B) AD = cos
bc 2
4bc A
(C) EF = sin (D) the triangle AEF is isosceles [JEE 2006, 5]
bc 2

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–II
Q.3 120° Q.7 /6, /3, /2 Q.9 400 Q.10 50
7 R 5  b
Q.11 3 cms & 2 cms Q.15 Q.26 B = ;C= ;  2 3
12 12 12 c
9
Q.27 r = 11 Q.29 units
2
EXERCISE–III
Q.1 9 sq. unit     
Q.2 B Q.3 2, 2 3  2 , 2 3  2 , 2 3  2 & 2 3  2 sq. units   
Q.5 6, 8, 10 cms Q.6 (a) A, (b) B Q.9 D Q.11 D Q.12 (a) B; (b) 5
Q.13 (a) C, (b) A, B, C, D

Trig.-- III [8]