EEB603

Digital Electronics

LABORATORY EXERCISE: 1

Title: Logic Gates Operation

Aim:
 To prove the operation of basic logic gates.
 To verify the truth tables of these gates.

Materials:
 DC Power Supply
 IC’s – 7400, 7402, 7404, 7408, 7432, 7486
 Resistors – 2 x 1kΩ, 220Ω
 1 x LED
 DIP Switch
 Cutter, Long Nose Pliers
 Breadboard & Connecting Wires
 Logic Probe

Introduction:
Digital logic gates, which are also known as combinational logic gates or simply 'logic
gates', are electronic devices whose output at any time is determined by the states of its
inputs at that time. Since logic gates are digital IC's, their input and output signals can
only be in one of two possible digital states, i.e., logic '0' or logic '1'. Thus, the logic state
in which the output of a logic gate will be put in depends on the logic states of each of its
individual inputs.

The primary application of logic gates is to implement 'logic' in the flow of digital signals
in a digital circuit. Logic in its ordinary sense is defined as a branch of philosophy that
deals with what is true and false, based on what other things are true and false. This
essentially is the function of logic gates in digital circuits - to determine which outputs will
be true or false, given a set of inputs that can either be true (logic '1') or false (logic '0').

The response output (usually denoted by Q) of a logic gate to any combination of inputs
may be tabulated into what is known as a truth table. A truth table shows each possible
combination of inputs to a logic gate and the combination's corresponding output.

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There are several kinds of logic gates, each one of which performs a specific function.
These are the: 1) AND gate; 2) OR gate; 3) NOT gate; 4) NAND gate; 5) NOR gate; and
6) EXOR gate.

Procedure:
Part: A – NAND Gate (7400)
1. Connect the circuit as shown below. Note: connect the +5V to pin 14 and
Common to pin 7.
5V

Switch A Switch B

230

Logic Gate
1k
1k LED

2. Set switches A and B to low (logic 0 / switch off).

3. Record the status of LED (on or off). Note that LED ON = High and OFF = Low.
4. Change the switch positions and record the LED status to make a truth table for
the NAND Gate. Record your results.

Part: B
Now repeat the above procedure for the rest of the gates and record your results.

Results:

NAND GATE
INPUT OUTPUT
Switch B Switch A LED Status
Low Low
Low High
High Low
High High

AND GATE
INPUT OUTPUT
Switch B Switch A LED Status
Low Low
Low High
High Low
High High

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OR GATE
INPUT OUTPUT
Switch B Switch A LED Status
Low Low
Low High
High Low
High High

NOR GATE
INPUT OUTPUT
Switch B Switch A LED Status
Low Low
Low High
High Low
High High

EXOR GATE
INPUT OUTPUT
Switch B Switch A LED Status
Low Low
Low High
High Low
High High

NOT GATE
INPUT OUTPUT
Switch A LED Status
Low
High

Discussion:
1. From the Truth Tables, write the Boolean expression for each of the gates.
2. What is the relationship between AND and NAND gates, OR and NOR gates.

Requirements:
i. Please remember that all Laboratory exercise have to be supervised and results
verified while it is still connected on the breadboard and signed by the Supervisor
or Lecturer conducting the class.

ii. Any unsigned lab sheet, when submitted will be classified as null and void.

LAB SUPERVISOR:____________________ DATE:______________

Due before next Lab Class

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DATASHEET

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