STEEL

PART 2
PREPARED BY: MORCILLA, GLAIZEL NICOLE A.
CE-5201
 STEEL DESIGN

Flexural Members
Allowable Compressive Bending Stress On Major Axis

200 bf 137 900 Af

Lc= or whichever is smaller!
√ Fy Fyd

I. Laterally Supported Beams (Lb < Lc)

A. Compact Sections
 Flange-width thickness Ratio:

170 bf
≥
√ fy 2tf
 Web-depth thickness Ratio:

1680 d
≥
√ fy tw

 Both Must Be Satisfied

Therefore, use Fb = 0.56 Fy

B. Partially-compact Sections

170 bf 250
≤ ≤
√ fy 2tf √ Fy
bf
Therefore, use Fb = Fy(0.39−0.000362 √ Fy )
2 tf

C. Non- compact Sections

250 bf
≤
√ fy 2 tf
Therefore, use Fb=0.60 Fy

II. Lateraaly unsupported Beams (Lb > Lc)

A. Short Beams:
 Lb 703 .270 Cb
Rt
≤
√ Fy

82.740 Cb
FB= ≤ 0.60 Fy
d
Lb( )
Af

B. Intermediate Beams
703.270 Cb Lb 3.516330Cb
√ Fy
≤
Rt
≤
√ Fy

82.740 Cb
FB=
d
Lb( )
Af
FB=Fy ¿
 Choose Larger ≤ 0.60 Fy
C. Long Beams

3.516330 Cb Lb
√ Fy
≤
Rt

82.740 Cb
FB=
d
Lb( )
Af

1.172100Cb
FB=
Lb 2
( )
rt

Choose Larger ≤ 0.60 Fy

Where:

Cb is beam coefficient of momnt gradient

M1 M1 2
Cb= 1.75+1.05 + 0.30( ) ≤2.3
M2 M2

M1
Reverse Curvature is (+)
M2
 M1
Single Curvature is (-)
M2

1
rt= radius of gyration of the compression flange + of compression of web
3

Allowable Compressive Bending Stress on Minor Axis

A. Compact Sections Fb=0.75 Fy

B. Non- Compact Sections Fb=0.50 Fy
C. Partially Compact Sections Fb=Fy ¿

Allowable Tensile Bending Stress

A. Laterally Supported Fbt =Fbcomp

B. Laterally Unsupported Fb=0.60 Fy

Compressive Members
KL
= effective slenderness ratio
rmin

2 πE
Cc =
√ Fy
-Elastic Limit of buckling
- Critical Slenderness Ratio
-Limiting Slenderness Ratio
-Compression Index
Short Column
KL
≤ Cc
rmin

Factor of Safety:

Long Column
KL
≥ Cc
rmin

12 π 2 E
Fa=
KL 2
23( )
r
Factor of Safety:
23
12

Euller’s Buckling Stress divided by FS

12 π 2 E
Fa=
KL 2
23( )
r
 In gilllesania divided by the factor of safety
Euller’s Critical Load and stress:
 π2 E
Pe=
KL2

π2 E
Fa=
KL 2
( )
r

Combined Axial and Bending Stresses

Small Axial Compression:
fa
≤0.15
Fa
fa fbx fby
+ + ≤1.0
Fa Fbx Fby
M
 Fby = 1 x when loads pass though flange only!
25
Large Axial Compression:
fa
>0.15
Fa
I. Stability Interaction Section:
 1
fa (Amplification Factor)
(1− )
F' e
 1
fa (Magnification Factor)
(1− )
F' e
SHOULD BE GREATER THAN 1.0!

II. Strength Interaction Criteria:

fa fbx fby
+ + ≤ 1.0
0.60 Fy Fbx Fby

TENSION AND BENDING:

fa fbx fby
+ + ≤ 1.0
Ft Fbx Fby

WEB FAILURES
Web Yielding/Squashing:
Interior loads:
P
≤0.66 Fy
tw( N + 5 k )
For End rections:
P
≤0.66 Fy
tw( N + 2.5 k )
Web Buckling:

d 2
Fbs=128−0.01( )
tw
Allowable vertical buckling stress
Interior Loads
P
fbs=
d
tw( N + )
2
At supports:
 P
fbs=
d
tw( N + )
4
N= length of bearing plate
K= Distance from the outer force of flange to web toe or fillet; root radius

Web Stregth Design

Web Yielding
A. Stress at end of member to a distance of x<d:
P
≤0.66 F y
tw( N + 2.5 k )
B. Stress at poinnt load or a distance x<d:
P
≤0.66 F y
tw( N + 5 k )
Web Crippling:
d
A. x < :
2

d
B. x > :
2
Sideways Web Buckling:
dc
tw
A. Restrained against rotation and <2.3 :
L
bf

B. Restrained against
rotation and
dc
tw
<1.7 :
L
bf

L= largest lat. Unbraced length along either flange

dc= d-2k

BASE PLATES
Allowable Bearing Stress
 A1
m=
√ A2
-magnification factor

Thickness of Base plate

3 fp x 2
t=
√ Fb
fp= actual bearing stress
Fb=0.95 Fy all. bending stress
x= larger between m or n
1
m=(0.95 d)( )
2
1
n=(0. 8 bf )( )
2