Microprocessors &

Microcomputers

Microprocessors
Microcomputers
– Digital IC …Can be
programmed with a
series of instructions to
perform a specific
function on data

A program SERIES OF
0 & 1’S

prepared by: Maher AL omari

 Basic elements of the UP

ARETHMETIC &
LOGIC OPER.

TIMING AND CONTROL

SIGNALS OF ALL OPER.

TEMP. STORAGE OF DATA

AND INSTRUCTIONS
DURING EXCUTIONS

prepared by: Maher AL omari

 Word: # of bits
the uP
recognizes and
The instructions set processes at a
time.

fixed series of bits All the instructions that

that till the uP or the uP or the
the microcontroller microcontroller
understands
what to do

prepared by: Maher AL omari

 Machine Code
Machine Code and
and Assembler
Assembler Language:
Language:
example
example

– The instruction :“set W register to F7”

– machine code (binary format ) : 11 00xx 1111 0111
– machine code (Hex format ): 30F7
– Assembler Language (MNUMONIC format.): movlw F7.

 The instruction is one 14-bits word

 PICS have 35 different
instructions.

prepared by: Maher AL omari

p and microcontrollers Basic Operations.
U

Executes a program by repeatedly cycling

the following steps:
– Fetch the instruction from memory.
– Decode the instruction.
– Execute ( do what the instruction asks).
– Write the result to where the instruction requires.

prepared by: Maher AL omari

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

movlw K 30FF hex

prepared by: Maher AL omari

computer languages.

Low level language

prepared by: Maher AL omari

Machine independence of a program written in a high-level language.

prepared by: Maher AL omari

Assembly vs. high level language

Less memory
High memory

More efficient requirements

Small applications
Less efficient

Machine dependent
Large applications

Easier to debug

Machine independent

Instructions are English
statements.

prepared by: Maher AL omari