CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Steel fiber concrete is one of the special concrete that normal concrete mix with
discontinuous discrete steel fiber. There are abundant of small-scale fibers are distribute
randomly during the concrete mix. The evolution of using steel fibers in the field is to replace
and reduce the traditional reinforcement bar in the concrete members. Thus steel fiber tend to
increase the tensile strength of the concrete by deflecting micro cracks which develop in the
concrete under exterior force and load effects. The lengths of the steel fibers are usually small
and short, this is because it wants to avoid inadequate workability of the concrete mixture.

The addition of the steel fiber to the concrete is normally can increase the
compressive strength and tensile strength into 8% to 15%. In additional steel for structural
purpose steel fibers should be add as supplements to the reinforcement bars. This is because
fibers able to limit the percentage of cracking that due to load, thus it also can improve the
resistance to material deterioration due to fatigue, shrinkage and thermal stresses.

1.2 BACKGROUND:
Concrete is one of the most essential materials that used in construction area.
Moreover, it able to cast into desired structural shape from cylindrical to rectangular.
However, concrete is good and string in compression, but weak in tension.

To overcome this issue, reinforcement bars are added to the concrete. Generally by
adding reinforcement bar to concrete can typically increase it tensile strength up to 10%. The
main bar which is longitudinal bar in the structural elements is to resists tensile stresses that
apply to it, while for the bars that wrapped around the longitudinal bar is to resist the shear
stresses. Generally the role of using reinforcement bar in the structural elements is good, but
it mostly increases the tensile strength.

1
 Nevertheless, the issue of cracks in the reinforced concrete still often occurs
nowadays, so that the involvement of fiber in the concrete to overcome this problem. Fiber
reinforced concrete is the concrete that mix which consists of short and discrete fibers in it.
The amount of the fibers that usually added to the concrete mix is calculated in percentages
form from the total volume of the concrete we need.

Besides that, there include many type of fibers such as steel fibers, polypropylene
fibers, glass fibers, and slurry infiltrated fiber. However for the steel fibers, they are normally
classified based on their manufacturing process. There contain different shape of steel fibers
such as straight, hooked, paddled, deformed, crimped and irregular. The addition of these
steel fibers will not significantly improve the compressive strength; merely it will increase the
tensile strength and ductility. The most important of adding these steel fibers, they can
increase the ability of withstanding after cracking and shear resistance.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The increasing of urbanization and improvement of the developed and developing
countries increased the demand of the cement. This is because concrete is the most generally
used material in the world. Generally, concrete can be described as the composite material
that composed form a coarse granular substances that embedded in a matrix of cement that
occupy the space between the particles which glue them together. Although concrete is a
widely used materials, it was consider a brittle materials with low tensile strength in nature.
As the revolution and improvement of concrete characteristics was adding reinforcement bar
which allow it improves the tensile strength and strain capacity. Reinforcement bar had
finally become the alternative materials that to encounter the bending problem in the
concrete. However, reinforcement bar may increase the load and dimension of the concrete,
fibers were introduced to overcome the problem. There many types of steel fibers such as,
straight steel fiber, Crimped steel fiber, hooked steel fiber.

Besides that, there is present of many types of effect on the concrete for example
segregation, honey comb and micro cracks. The present of the effect will lead to structural
defect. So the improvement of the concrete is to solve the present issues in the hardened
concrete.

2
 According to researchers, Straight steel fiber, Crimped steel fiber, hooked steel fiber
is the better fiber among the steel fiber that available. However, during the mix proportion the
orientation of the steel fibers are added randomly to the mix. The location of the steel fibers
will not locate the design location due to its strip shape that able to allow it to pass through
easily between the spaces of the coarse aggregate. In this study, Straight steel fiber, Crimped
steel fiber, hooked steel fiber are used to overcome the issue. During this research,
compressive test for cube and spilt tensile test for cylinder as well as flexural test for beam
are tested and compare between normal concrete and steel fiber concrete.

1.4 MATERIAL:
 Cement :-

Ordinary Portland Cement 53 Grade conforming to IS 12269-2013 is be used.

In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens
independently, and can bind other materials together.

Cement used in construction is characterized as hydraulic or non-hydraulic. Hydraulic

cements (e.g., Portland cement) harden because of hydration, chemical reactions that occur
independently of the mixture's water content; they can harden even underwater or when
constantly exposed to wet weather.

Cement

3
  Coarse Aggregate :-

The fraction content range from 20 mm to 4.75 mm are used as coarse aggregate. The coarse
aggregates from crushed basalt rock, conforming to IS: 383-2016 is being use.

Coarse Aggregate

 Fine Aggregate :-

Those fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 microns are termed as fine aggregate. The river sand is
used in combination as fine aggregate conforming to the requirements of IS: 383-2016. The
river sand is washed and screens to eliminate deleterious materials and oversize particles.

Fine Aggregate

 Water :-

Normal portable water of college is used.

4
  STEEL FIBER :-

Steel fiber is one of the most commonly used fiber. Generally, round fibers are used. The
diameter may vary from 0.25 to 0.75 mm. The steel fiber is likely to get rusted and lose some
of its strengths. But investigations have shown that the rusting of the fibers takes place only
at the surface.

Use of steel fiber makes significant improvements in flexural, impact and fatigue strength of
concrete, it has been extensively used in various types of structures.

TYPES OF STEEL FIBER

 Straight steel fiber :-

These Steel fibers are nothing but the pieces of steel wire from 0.3 to 1.1 mm in dia
and these are having length 50 mm. These steel fiber are used in three-dimensional
reinforcement of concrete and replaces steel mesh.

Straight steel fiber

 Crimped Steel Fibers :-

Crimped Steel Fiber is used as a piece of either dry or wet process shotcreting to enhance
Flexibility, quality and impact resistance.

Crimped Steel fiber

5
 Hooked Steel Fibers :-

Hooked Steel Fiber can be used with any concrete mix and high concrete density is less
mandatory then for undulated or for flat-end fibers. Load transfer in the crack is very
good with this fiber shape.

Hooked Steel fiber

6
Properties of steel fiber

Chemical composition Percentage (%)

Carbon (C) 0.036
Magnesium (Mn) 0.290
Silicon (Si) 0.027
Phosphors (P) 0.013
Sulphate (S) 0.006
Chemical Properties

Diameter (d) 0.65 mm

Length (L) 35 mm to 80 mm
Tensile strength (Mpa) 1430 MPa
Tolerance for Length and (% 10)
Diameter

Physical Properties

CHAPTER 2

7
 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Research paper 1

Name: - FIBER ADDITION AND ITS EFFECT ON CONCRETE STRENGTH

Author: - Aiswarya Sukumar, Elson John

Publisher: - International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)

Year: - 2014

Objective of study:

 Fibers are generally used as resistance of cracking and strengthening of concrete. In

this paper study to carry out test on steel fiber reinforced concrete to check the
influence of fibers on strength of concrete.

Outcome of study:

 The findings of the above studies indicate that the addition of steel fibers to concrete
improve not only the strength characteristics but also the ductility.

 Research have shown that fiber reinforcement has sufficient strength and ductility to
be used as a complete replacement to conventional steel bars in some types of
structures; foundations, walls, slabs.

 The technology that is available today has made is possible to consider fiber
reinforcement without the use of conventional steel bars in load carrying structures

8
2.2. Research paper 2
Name: - Mechanical properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete

Author: - P.S. Song , S. Hwang

Publisher: - ELSEVIER

Year: - 2004

Objective of study:

 This paper investigated the mechanical properties of high-strength steel fiber-

reinforced concrete. The steel fibers were added at the volume fractions of 0.5%,
1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The properties included compressive and splitting tensile
strengths, modulus of rupture, and toughness index.

Outcome of study:

 The compressive strength of HSC improved with additions of steel fibers at various
volume fractions. The strength showed a maximum at 1.5% fraction but a slight
decrease at 2% fraction compared to 1.5%, still remaining 12.9% higher than before
the fiber addition.

 The splitting tensile strength of HSFRC both improved with increasing fiber volume
fraction. The splitting tensile strength ranged from 19.0% to 98.3% higher for the
fractions from 0.5% to 2.0%.

2.3. Research paper 3

Name: - Effect of steel fibers on the flexural behavior of RC beams with very low
reinforcement ratios

Author: - Wasim Abbass, M. Iqbal Khan , Shehab Mourad

9
Publisher: - ELSEVIER

Year: - 2018

Objective of study:

 In this paper to investigate the implications of hooked-end steel fibers on the flexural
performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with very low reinforcement ratios.
For this, four different fiber volume fractions (vf) of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and
1.00%, were incorporated into the concrete mixture and plain concrete without fibers
was considered as a control specimen.

Outcome of study:

 The test results indicated that the performance of RC beams, in terms of flexural
strength, deflection capacity, post-cracking flexural stiffness, and cracking behavior,
was improved by increasing the reinforcement ratio.

 The peak load of RC beams also increased by using the steel fibers, the improvement
was relatively minor. The crack propagation into the compressive zone was
effectively limited and more flexural cracks, indicating better stress redistribution,
were formed by the steel fibers.

2.4. Research paper 4

Name: - Experimental Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Author: - P. Kowsalya , N.Jetly, J.Janani, M.Kirubakaran

Publisher: - International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and

Technology

Year: - 2017

10
Objective of study:

 This paper deals with experimental investigation of steel fiber reinforced concrete
with water cement ratio to study the compressive strength, split tensile strength,
flexural strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing fibers for
different volume fraction of hook end steel fiber 0.50 aspect ratio were used.

Outcome of study:

 The above paper indicate that using the steel fiber in concrete, we can improve
strength of concrete like compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength.

 Advantage of addition of steel fiber in concrete to resists propagation of micro cracks,

which damage the concrete capacity and steel reinforcement.

2.5. Research paper 5

Name: - Experimental study on shear properties of aligned steel fiber reinforced
cement-based composites

Author: - Ru Mua Zedong Wang , Xiaowei Wang , Longbang Qing , Hui Li

Publisher: - ELSEVIER

Year: - 2018

Objective of study:

 In This paper to investigate the influence of fiber orientation on the shear properties of
steel fiber reinforced cement-based composites, the shear behavior of aligned steel
fiber reinforced cement-based composites (ASFRC) and conventional steel fiber
reinforced cement-based composites with random distribution of steel fibers inside
(SFRC) was experimentally compared using modified double plane direct shear tests.

11
Outcome of study:

 Aligned steel fiber reinforced cement-based composites (ASFRC) has higher shear
strength, shear toughness and shear modulus than that of conventional steel fiber
reinforced cement-based composites (SFRC).

 The aligned steel fibers reinforce the shear properties of cement-based composites
more effectively than that of conventional randomly distributed steel fibers.

2.6. Research paper 6

Name: - Punching Shear Resistance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs

Author: - L. NGUYEN-MINH, M. ROVŇÁK, T. TRAN-QUO, and K. NGUYENKI

Publisher: - ELSEVIER

Year: - 2011

Objective of study:

 In this paper behavior and capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) flat slabs
under punching shear force.Effect of steel fibers amount on punching shear cracking
behavior and resistance of the slabs was investigated.

Outcome of study:

 Steel fibers improve the punching shear resistance of the slabs considerably. Using
steel fibers with fiber volume of 30 to 60 kg/m3 increase the punching shear
resistance of the slabs from 9 to 39.8% and this increase is directly proportional to
fiber volume.

 Steel fibers reduced significantly average crack width of the slabs up to approximately
70.8% at serviceability limit state. Moreover, steel fibers increase stiffness of the

12
 slabs and improve concrete ductility and integrity of vicinity of slab-column
connections.

2.7. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW

 From the above research paper results show that strength of the concrete with fiber
and strength of the concrete without using steel fibers variation in strength can be seen
clearly that concrete with steel fibers has more strength compare to fiber less concrete.

 Above research work show that steel fiber use in concrete , the strength of the
concrete can improve, like compressive strength ,tensile strength using the steel fibers
in concrete design we can improve the mainly tensile strength in which concrete is
weak.

 Steel fibers able to limit the percentage of cracking that due to load, thus it also can
improve the resistance to material deterioration due to fatigue, shrinkage and thermal
stresses.

13
 CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF WORK

3.1. Objective

 The objective of the present work is to improve the properties of the concrete mainly
in tension portion, to achieve this different types of steel fiber is used with different
aspect ratio.

 To determine the best types of steel fiber and aspect ratio can be used in concrete to
achieve the best result according to tensile requirement.

 Using the steel fiber to eliminate the micro cracks due to shrinkage, creep and many
more reason, improve the behavior of concrete.

3.2. Scope of work

 This research is based on investigation the effect of different types of steel fiber, fiber
content (by weight of concrete), aspect ratio on strength parameters for M-20 grade of
concrete.

 Three types of steel fibers, i.e., straight, crimped and hooked fiber, Four fiber content
of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% with 50 and 80 aspect ratios selected.

 To investigate the strength property of normal concrete by performing various tests

-compressive strength at 7, 28 days
-split tensile strength at 28 days

14
 -flexural strength at 28 days

CHAPTER 4

EXPERIMENTAL MATHODOLOGY

4.1. Experimental Methodology

 In initial phase select the material for M20 grade design cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate ,etc

 For the of the M20 grade design, 53 grade of OPC cement, fine aggregate size less
than 4.75mm ,coarse aggregate size 20mm is selected.

 Collection of Different shape of steel fiber like, Straight steel fiber , Crimped steel
fiber and Hooked steel fiber.

 Addition of steel fiber in concrete different fiber content (by weight of concrete) 1%,
2%, 3% and 4%, with different aspect ratio 50 and 80.

 Different cube are casting and curing for 7 Days and 28 Days.

 To investigate the strength property of normal concrete by performing various tests

- Compressive strength at 7, 28 days
- Split tensile strength at 28 days
- Flexural strength at 28 days

15
4.2. Specific Gravity

Specific gravity of C.A

Weight of aggregate and basket inside the water (A1):-2055g

Weight of basket inside the water (A2):-785g

Weight of saturated surface-dry aggregate in air (B):- 2002g

The weight in gm of oven-dried aggregate in air (C):-2000g

A= A1-A2 =2055-785=1270

Sp.gr=C / (B-A)

= 2000 / (2002-1270)

= 2.74

Specific gravity of F.A

W1= Weight of empty pycnometer =613g

W2= Weight of empty pycnometer + sand =1158g

W3= Weight of empty pycnometer+ sand+ water =1513g

W4= Weight of empty pycnometer +water

Sp.gr = (W2-W1)-[(W4-W1)-(W3-W2)]

= 2.70

16
4.3. Mix Design

For M20 grade of concrete, W/C Ratio of 0.50

 Volume of concrete (a) = 1 m³.

 Volume of cement (b) = [(383.16/3.15)*(1/1000)] = 0.1216 m³.

 Volume of water (c) = [(191.58)*(1/1000)] = 0.191 m³.

 Volume of all in aggregate = [a- (b + c)] = [1-(0.1216+0.191)

= 1 - 0.3126 = 0.68 m³.

 Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.68*0.62*2.74*1000

= 1155.67 kg.

 Mass of fine aggregate = 0.68*0.38*2.70*1000

= 697.68 kg.

Concrete Water Coarse Fine Aggregate Cement

(m3) ( In liter ) Aggregate ( In kg ) ( In kg )
( In kg )
1 191.58 1155.67 697.68 383.16
Mix Design of M20

17
M 20 Design with Super plasticizer

Reduction in Water content 5%, adding super plasticizer 0.5% by weight of cement

For M20 grade of concrete, W/C Ratio of 0.50

Water content -191.58 for 1 m³

 New water content -182

 Cement -364 kg/ m³

 Volume of cement for 1 m³-0.1155

 Volume of all in aggregate = [a- (b + c)] = [1-(0.1155+0.182)

= 1 - 0.3126 = 0.703

 Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.703*0.62*2.74*1000

= 1194 kg.

 Mass of fine aggregate = 0.703*0.38*2.70*1000

= 721 kg.

Concrete Water Coarse Fine Aggregate Cement

(m3) ( In liter ) Aggregate ( In kg ) ( In kg )
( In kg )
1 182 1194 721 364

18
 CHAPTER 5

Test and Results

5.1. Compressive Strength Test:

For compressive strength test, cube specimens of dimensions 150 x 150 x 150 mm
were cast for M20 grade of concrete. Super plasticized (0.6% to 0.8% by weight of cement)
was added to this. The moulds were filled with 0%, 1% 2% and 3% fibres. Vibration was
given to the moulds using table vibrator. The top surface of the specimen was levelled and
finished. After 24 hours the specimens were demoulded and were transferred to curing tank
where in they were allowed to cure for 28 days. After 28 days curing, these cubes were
tested on digital compression testing machine as per I.S. 516-1959. The failure load was
noted. In each category three cubes were tested and their average value is reported.

The compressive strength was calculated as follows:

Compressive strength (MPa) = Failure load / cross sectional area

19
SR.NO Fiber Compressive % Variation In
content strength(MPa) Compressive strength
(%)
7 Days 28 Days 7 days 28 days
1 CM 18.81 28.65 -- --
2 HS 1% 19.91 29.99 5.98 4.65
3 HS 2% 22.46 35.69 19.37 24.56
4 HS 3% 24.25 38.79 28.90 35.37
5 HS 4% 23.82 39.19 26.21 36.76
6 HL 1% 21.73 32.74 15.51 14.27
7 HL 2% 26.50 40.22 40.87 40.38
8 HL 3% 30.33 43.79 61.18 52.84
9 HL 4% 29.88 43.54 58.82 51.96

COMPRESSIVE TEST RESULTS

43.79

43.54
40.22
39.19
38.64
35.69

32.74

30.33
29.99

29.88
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 

28.65

26.50
24.25

23.82
22.46

21.73
19.94
18.81

CM HS 1% HS 2 % HS 3 % HS 4% HL 1 % HL 2 % HL 3 % HL 4%

NOTE: CM=CONVENTIONAL MIX,HS=SMALL HOOKED,HL=LONG HOOKED

20
SR.NO Fiber Compressive % Variation In
content (%) strength(MPa) Compressive strength

7 Days 28 Days 7 days 28 days

1 CM 18.81 28.65 -- --
2 CS 1% 19.59 29.42 4.09 2.69
3 CS 2% 21.70 33.60 15.35 17.27
4 CS 3% 23.29 37.02 23.78 29.21
5 CS 4% 23.01 37.41 22.28 30.56
6 CL 1% 20.74 30.83 10.24 7.60
7 CL 2% 25.75 38.74 36.85 35.21
8 CL 3% 28.96 41.14 53.94 43.59
9 CL 4% 28.67 40.71 52.36 42.09

COMPRESSIVE TEST RESULTS

7 DAYS 28 DAYS
41.14

40.71
38.74
37.41
37.02
33.60

30.83
29.42

28.96

28.67
28.65
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

25.75
23.29

23.01
21.70

20.74
19.59
18.81

CM CS 1 % CS 2 % CS 3 % CS 4% CL 1 % CL 2 % CL 3 % CL 4%

NOTE: CM=CONVENTIONAL MIX,HS=SMALL HOOKED,HL=LONG HOOKED

21
5.2. Split Tensile Strength Test:

For Split tensile strength test, cylinder specimens of dimension 150 mm diameter and
300 mm length were cast. The specimens were demoulded after 24 hours of casting and were
transferred to curing tank where in they were allowed to cure for 28 days. These specimens
were tested under compression testing machine. In each category three cylinders were tested
and their average value is reported.

Split Tensile strength was calculated as follows as split tensile strength:

Split Tensile strength (MPa) = 2P / π DL,

Where, P = failure load, D = diameter of cylinder, L = length of cylinder

22
SR.NO Fiber content Split Tensile % Variation In Split
(%) Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength

28 Days 28 days
1 CM 2.70 ---
2 HS 1% 2.91 7.78
3 HS 2% 3.11 15.19
4 HS 3% 3.43 27.04
5 HS 4% 3.23 19.63
6 HL 1% 3.18 17.18
7 HL 2% 3.61 33.70
8 HL 3% 3.91 44.81
9 HL 4% 3.79 40.32

23
 CYL IN DR ICA L S P L IT T IN G TE N S IO N T E S T RE S UL T S

3.91

3.79
3.61
CYLINDRICAL SPLITTING TENSION STRENGTH

3.43

3.23

3.18
3.11
2.91
2.70

CM HS 1% HS 2 % HS 3 % HS 4% HL 1 % HL 2 % HL 3 % HL 4%

NOTE: CM=CONVENTIONAL MIX,HS=SMALL HOOKED,HL=LONG HOOKED

SR.NO Fiber content Split Tensile % Variation In Split

(%) Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength

28 Days 28 days
1 CM 2.70 ---
2 CS 1% 2.79 3.27
3 CS 2% 3.00 11.11
4 CS 3% 3.31 22.59
5 CS 4% 3.18 17.78
6 CL 1% 3.02 11.85
7 CL 2% 3.33 23.33
8 CL 3% 3.56 31.85
9 CL 4% 3.44 27.41

24
 CYL IN DRICA L S P L ITT IN G TE N S IO N TE S T R E S UL T S

3.56

3.44
3.33
3.31
CYLINDRICAL SPLITTING TENSION STRENGTH

3.18

3.02
3.00
2.79
2.70

CM CS 1 % CS 2 % CS 3 % CS 4% CL 1 % CL 2 % CL 3 % CL 4%

NOTE: CM=CONVENTIONAL MIX,HS=SMALL HOOKED,HL=LONG HOOKED

5.3. Flexural Strength Test:

For flexural strength test beam specimens of dimension 100x100x500 mm were cast.
The specimens were demoulded after 24 hours of casting and were transferred to curing tank
where in they were allowed to cure for 28 days. These flexural strength specimens were
tested under two point loading as per I.S. 516-1959, over an effective span of 400 mm on
Flexural testing machine. Load and corresponding deflections were noted up to failure. In
each category three beams were tested and their average value is reported.

The flexural strength was calculated as follows.

Flexural strength (MPa) = (P x L) / (b x d2),

Where, P = Failure load, L = Centre to center distance between the support = 400 mm,
b = width of specimen=100 mm, d = depth of specimen= 100 mm.

25
SR.NO Fiber content Flexural Strength % Variation In Flexural
(%) (MPa) Strength

28 Days 28 days
1 CM 3.71 --
2 HS 1% 4.75 28.00
3 HS 2% 5.17 39.57
4 HS 3% 5.56 50.00
5 HS 4% 5.45 47.12
6 HL 1% 5.12 38.13
7 HL 2% 5.97 61.15
8 HL 3% 6.47 74.46
9 HL 4% 6.32 70.50

26
 FLEXURAL TEST RESULTS

6.47

6.32
5.97
5.56

5.45
5.17

5.12
4.75
FLEXURAL STRENGTH

3.71

CM HS 1% HS 2 % HS 3 % HS 4% HL 1 % HL 2 % HL 3 % HL 4%

NOTE: CM=CONVENTIONAL MIX,HS=SMALL HOOKED,HL=LONG HOOKED

SR.NO Fiber content Split Tensile % Variation In Split

(%) Strength (MPa) Tension Strength

28 Days 28 days
1 CM 3.71 ---
2 CS 1% 4.49 21.22
3 CS 2% 4.88 31.65
4 CS 3% 5.33 43.88
5 CS 4% 5.17 39.57
6 CL 1% 4.85 30.94
7 CL 2% 5.37 44.96
8 CL 3% 5.47 47.48
9 CL 4% 5.23 41.01

27
 FLEXURAL TEST RESULTS

5.47
5.37
5.33

5.23
5.17
4.88

4.85
4.49
3.71
FLEXURAL STRENGTH

CM CS 1 % CS 2 % CS 3 % CS 4% CL 1 % CL 2 % CL 3 % CL 4%

NOTE: CM=CONVENTIONAL MIX,HS=SMALL HOOKED,HL=LONG HOOKED

CHAPTER 6

Work Plan and Photo Gallery

6.1. Work plan

Aug-
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan Feb. Mar. Apr. May
Work Sep
2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019
2018

Title Selection

Literature Review

Material Collection

28
 Experimental work

Result & Conclusion

Report Writing

Final Report
Work plan

6.2. Photo Gallery

Sp.gr of F.A Grading of F.A

29
 Grading of C.A Dry Mixing

Cube Testing specimen

Interim conclusion
In this research work M20 grade concrete is use with different types of steel fiber in
Different proportion. Different tests were perform like compressive test, split tensile test,
And flexure test. Getting the interim conclusion on the base of the test perform as below..

● From results,it can be concluded that compressive strength of the concrete increas
52.84% compare to conventional concrete, cylindrical splitting tension strength
increase 44.81% compare to conventional concrete,and flexure strength of concrete
increas 74.46% compare to conventional concrete for 3% of long Hooked steel fiber.

● From results,it can be conclude that compressive strength of the concrete increas
43.59% compare to conventional concrete, cylindrical splitting tension strength
Increase 31.85% compare to normal concrete,and flexure strength of concrete
increas 47.48% compare to normal concrete for 3% of long Crimped steel fiber.
.

30
● It has been seen that increase in the tensile strength,resistance capacity against the
micro-cracks due to the shrinkage,creep any many more reason also improve.due
improveing this property ,probability of concrete damage due to various chemical
attacks is also reduce.

● It has been seen that long hooked steel fiber in mix of concrete,it improve the
properties of concrete mainly in tension area,in which concrete is weak. after
performing remaining task ,we get exact idea and we conclude clearly.at initial
level it show that it is good for concrete releated work.

CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES

7.1. References

 FIBER ADDITION AND ITS EFFECT ON CONCRETE STRENGTH (International

Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)).
 Mechanical properties of high-strength steel fiber -reinforced concrete (ELSEVIER).
 Effect of steel fibers on the flexural behavior of RC beams with very low
reinforcement ratios (ELSEVIER).

31
 Experimental Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (International Journal
of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology).
 Experimental study on shear properties of aligned steel fiber reinforced cement-based
composites (ELSEVIER).
 Punching Shear Resistance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs
(ELSEVIER).
 Flexural creep of steel fiber reinforced concrete in the cracked state (ELSEVIER).
 Durability of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (ELSEVIER).
 Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (International Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology (IJETT)).
 Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of the steel fiberreinforced
concrete tunnel segment (ELSEVIER).
 Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of the steel fiber reinforced
concrete tunnel segment (ELSEVIER).
 Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber
(Science Direct).
 A Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Normal Compacting Concrete (Int. Journal of
Engineering Research and Application ).
 Behavior of steel fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete-filled FRP tube columns
under axial compression (ELSEVIER).

7.2. Indian Standard Codes

 IS: 383-2016, Indian Standard code of coarse and fine aggregate for concrete –
specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
 IS: 2386 (Part 3) - 1963, Indian Standard code of practice-methods of test for
aggregates for concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
 IS: 10262-2009, Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Designs, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
 IS: 456-2000, Plain and reinforced concrete-code of practice(fourth revision), Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
 IS: 13270-2013, Steel fibers for concrete – Definitions and Specifications, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi, India

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