c c


















 

Exchange of substance
Through transport system
1.The surface area of the organism exposed to external environment is
......
2.The volume of the organism is comparatively ........
3.The total surface area / volume ratio of the organism is ........
4.The distance between the source of substances and the cells of the
organism is.......
Example of ........... organisms
Through simple diffusion
1.The surface area of the organism exposed to the external
environment is........
2.The volume of the organism is comparatively........
3.The total surface area / volume ratio of the organism is .......
4.The distance between the source of the substances and the cells of
the organism is .....
Examples of .......... organisms
 c 




 








 


circulatory system

¦

  
¦



°medium) °pump)

Plasma Arteries Veins Capillaries

Cellular °55%)
components
° lood)
°45%) Water Soluble
°
0-
2%) solutes



Dissolved gases,
-without nucleus  

  
mineral salts
-contain haemoglobin -fragments of large cells nutrients
-synthesised in the bone from bone marrow
marrow Enzymes
-destroyed in lymph after 

-lack of nuclei Hormone



120 days -make up 70% of white blood -involve in blood clotting

cells -has bean shape nucleus and waste products
cytoplasm without granules mechanism
-has iiregular lobed nucleus plasma protein
and granular cytoplasm °albumin, globulin,
-made in bone marrow fibrinogen)




-large nucleus 



 

¦


with little




-bean shaped
-irregular -nucleus with cytoplasm nucleus
-nucleus with lobes 2 lobes -smallest in
2 lobes -largest in size
-to engulf and -to produce size
-to fight heparine to engulf and
digest -to produce digest bacteria
allergies bacteria to prevent antibody
blood clotting
 transport of

 

transport of transport of
  to 

tissues 


Function of
blood in
transport of transport transport of



 

transport of
transport of excretory
  
 



‰
  mengajak kawannya ¦‰‰
untuk makan mee . Lepas makan mereka sakit perut lalu pergi membuang ¦
¦ yang begitu wangi dan mengeluarkan ¦ yang dashyat. Pelayan bernama 

 Tino merasa kasihan menghulurkan  dan tisu.
 
 transport Unisellular
Diffusion
system organism

medium
° 
)
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
  circulatory transport only invertebrates
system   and not °insect)
oxygen as oxygen is
carried to the cell by
the   

 

 transport
system

medium
°

)


 circulatory vertebrates
transport
system
 " "



" 


 


 
!circulating blood-like fluid found in some vertebrates with open circulatory system
   #  $ 
Carries blood from the   to the Carries blood from the 
back to the   Carries blood from the arteries to the cell and
from the cells to the veins
Carries
  

 except the pulmonary artery Carries 
  

 except the Carries
  
   blood
pulmonary vein

Has thick, muscular and elastic walls Has thin, less muscular and less elastic walls Wall are only one celled thick
Small lumen Large lumen Very small lumen
No valve  at the base of the aorta and Semi lunar valve present No valve
pulmonary artery
¦

 flows in pulses under 

 No pulses. lood flows under lower pressure than No pulses. Pressure lower than arteries but
arteries higher than veins
Heart Heart