Pavement Failure

Introduction
This study was carried out on Kolej Kediaman Bistari, Batu Pahat area. It is a known fact throughout the world that the con-
ditions of any road largely depend upon its geotechnical properties. Types of failure existing on the roads are water bleed-
ing, cracks, depressions, edge subsidence, rutting, edge damage, local aggregate loss, potholes and shovel. Pavement failure
on this area occurs when an asphalt surface no longer holds its original shape and develops material stress which causes is-
sues. The possible causes of road failures are: insufficient strength properties of bituminous mixes, movement of over load-
ing vehicles, bad drainage condition and natural disaster.

Pavement Failure
Pavement, in civil engineering, durable surfacing of a road,
airstrip or similar area. The primary function of a pave-
ment is to transmit loads to the sub-base and underlying
soil.

Case Study
This study was carried out on pavement failure at Kolej
Kediaman Bistari, Batu Pahat that is located at Parit Raja,
Batu Pahat. Based on picture above, shown that a road Factor of Failure
was experience pavement failure. The performance of 1. Water
pavement is mostly influence by the number of load rep-
When water penetrates the asphaltic surface either through
etition by heavy vehicle such as buses.
poor surface or subsurface drainage system, it weakens the
Pavement failure occurs when an asphalt surface no
sub-grade and base course supporting the Asphalt.
longer holds its original shape and develops material
2. Excessive loading from High Traffic
stress, which causes issues. The pavement failure issues
include cracking, potholes, depressions, rutting, shoving, Excessive loading weakens the asphalt and this can cause al-
upheavals and raveling. ligator cracks on the road
3. Low Subgrade CBR Value
Method to Overcome and Remedies Poor soil tends to give a weak subgrade. If the subgrade is
The choice of gravel can be key to mitigating pavement fail- too weak to support the wheel loads, the pavement will flex
ure. The cite "sieve analysis" tests that use a series of screens excessively which ultimately causes the pavement (asphalt)
or sieves to characterize the sizes of particles contained with- to fail.
in a gravel sample. The range of particle sizes from stones 4. Poor construction procedure
that are in the 1-inch (25 mm) range, mixed with progres-
Failure to obtain proper soil compaction, improper moisture
sively finer particles to include a small fraction of fine parti-
conditions during construction, quality of materials and ad-
cles that bind the larger particles together. The possible re-
equate layer thickness (after compaction) all directly affect
covery measures for pavement failure include scarifying the
the performance of a pavement
bituminous surfacing with corrugation and removing the sur-
5. Failure of Wearing Course
facing along with top portion of the existing base course and
re-compacting the material: After applying prime coat and Wearing course or surface course is the layer having more
tack coat another bituminous surface course may be laid us- strength than all the other pavement layers.
ing a mechanical paver.

Conclusion
From the study that have been carried out, it was discovered that poor geotechnical properties of the soils making up the
pavement led to its failure. These are indications of substandard material properties used for the construction of the road.