B.SC.

AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- V
Paper- I (POULTRY MANAGEMENT)

Important Breed chancteristics of poultry, their methods of rearing, breeding, leeding and
management. Incubation hatching and breeditg, vzccination and prevention of diseases.
Preservation and marketing of €ggs, its economics and keepihg quality. Broiler production
and rearing, hatchery management.

Ptacticals
Visit to poultry fatm, economics of poultry management, identification of important poultry
breeds.

39
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- V
Paper- II (MUSHROOM CULTMTION)

First recotd of cultivated edible f*g, definition of mushrooms, present scenario of

mushtoom cultivation uses nutritional and medicinal values of mushrooms, general
molphologcal features and important characters fot identification of different edible
mushrooms and biological backgrounds for mushroom breeding. Definition of spawn and
their types, methods of spawn production raising cultures, preparation of spav/n
medta/master culture/commercial grade spawn, chatacteristicsof good spau/n, storage of
spawn. Cultiwation of Agricus species:'Compost and it's formulations, preparation of
'comPost
using short and long methods of composting, turning schedules,compost
mictoflora and different temperatures zones. Spawning and methods of spawning.
Pteparation of casing mixture and its stedlization,identification, isolation and managemenr
of different diseases,pests and competitors/moulds.Methods of harvesting mushrooms,
after cate of hanrested fruit bodies, after care of beds and crop rooms on rumination of
croP. Cultivation of Pleurotus, Volvareilla, Lentinus and Auricularia sp: Types of substrare,
,subsffatepteparation and it's sterilization; spau/nand methods of spawning, spawn run and
cropping harvesting and packing processingof mushrooms: Different methods- canning,
dehydration, freezedrying and bringing etc.

Practicals
Preparationof spawn,preparation of casingmaterial,identification of various type of edible
mushtooms. Post harvest handling of various kinds of mushrooms such as cpnning,
dehydration,drying etc.

40
 B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER-V !.
-
Paper III (ELEMENTARY CROP PHYSIOLOGY)

An introduction to plant physiology, plant cell an introioction, laws of thermodynamics;

diffusion and osmosis, the concept of water potential, cell water relations, absorption of
water, uanspiration, stomatal physiolory, ascent of sap, ion uptake and metabolic utilization
of mineral ions, deficiencies of mineral ions in plants, photosynthesis, respiration, fat
metabolism,physioIogyofgrorqthanddevelopment.g1ov1h..regulatots,.physiologicd...
pafametersinfluencingtheprcductivityofmajorcefeal"pulse.and'oilseedcroPs.-.'|.

Practicds
Cellstructufe,pfocessofdiffusionosmosisandplasmolysis,structueanddistributionof
stomata in monocot and dicot leaves, process of transpiration with the help of cobalt
chloride paper and other methods, demonstration of the measurementof photosynthetic
rates by infra red gas analyze4factors affecting the pryqespof photosynthesis, sqraration of :
photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatogaphll, process.,ofroot pressute b11ixudation r ,1,
:: .
method and rnanometer,detection of certain gssentialmicto and'macto.minetal elements iii
crop plants, process of aerobic respiration in germinated seed and dcoholic fermentation,
tropism and movement. .
,

,,

l
, t

4l
i . . , .

Paper - IV (FARM I\,IACHINERY AI{D POWER)

Sources of farm powef including non-conventional sources, fatm mechanization, ilrg.,

ptimary and secondary till"g. equipment, specialized till4ge tools, seeding and fertilizet
machinery specialized sorving and planting machine, inter culrure equipment, plant
,protection equipmen! harvesting,and threshing machinery, chaff cutter. Estimation of
operating cost of farm,equipmqnt: Basic engine types, parrs of I.C. engine, working of
different engine systems,qpes of tractors,working of different tractor systems.

Practicals
Study and identification of parts of a cor.rntryplo"gh, mould board plough, disc plough and
different type of barrows, Sttrdy of seed-cum-fertilizerdrill and its calibration. Study of
sqgarcaneand potato planter, identification of different plant protection equipment, study of
a tracbt &awn teapet and different types of threshers.Identification'of different types of
enginesand theit parts. Acquaintenceof different systemand controls. Tractors and practice
in tractor dtirirg.

42
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- V
Paper - V (Farm Management and Natural Resources Economics)

Meaning, concept, objectives, nature and scope of f"r* management. Meaning and
definition of farrn, structure and characteristics of farm business. Different types of farms
and factors determining types and size of farm. Basic principles of farm management factor
factor and product-product relationships, law of equlmatgloal retrrns and law of
comparative advantage. Meaning and concept of cost, types of cost and their importance in
farm management decision making. Concepts of farm retums. Farm business analysis and
various measures of efficiency. Importance of farm business records and accounts, inventory
balance sheet. Profit and loss accounts of farm. Status of farm inpirts land, labour, capitd,.
Farm planning and budgeting meaning and importance of farm plan and farm budget, partial
and complete budgeting, formulation of farm plan and budget. Concept, subject matter and
importance of natural resources economics. Classification of natural resoruces and the basic
tefms ecosystem, biomass, biosphere, reserves, rate of use, environment, pollution etc. and
concepts of natural resources of economics-ecology. Natural resorrrces management and
conservation, issues in natural resource use of management the benefit cost approach to
natural resource problems. Time element in decision making and benefit cost andysis. The
basic theory of natural resource economics efficiency in private market econorn|,
externalities in natural resource use and dternative solution thereo{ Important issues in
economics and management of land, water and forest fesorrces and the environment.
N atural resource s administration and policy formulation.

Practicals
Preparation of farm layout including determination of cost of fencing, application of
different farm management principles concerning resources allocation, determination of
most profitable level of an input use,leastcost combination of inputs, optimum enterprise
combination through empirical data and computation. Application of cost principles in the
estimation of cost of crop and livestock enteqprisesand preparation of farm plan and
budget. Estimation of cost of cultivation of major important croPs of the area.Collection
and,analysisof relevant data on various natural resourcesin the country and review and
discussionof casestudies.Methodology of economic analysisof project in the context of
naturalresoufceprojects.

43
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- V
-
Paper VI (Fundamentds of Extension, Education and Rural Development)

Meaning, concept and processof extension education,objectives,principles and philosophy

of extension.History of extensionwork. Fducation-formaland non-formal. Componentsof
behaviour-knowledge, attitude, skills and motivation. Principles and steps in teaching
learning process,learning situation, Implications of teaching.

Concept need and steps in programme planning. Principles of programme planning,

Programme planning process. Panchayati R"j Institute, rcotganlzation and its role in
progfamme planning. Extension evaluation its meaning, princifles, steps, techniques and
criteria. Critical andysis of various extensionpfogramme.
- . . ' l
: . , .

Meaning and importance of rural leadership, Types, selection and qualities, training of
leadership.Meaning of administration, public administration and extension administration.
Coordination and team work. OrgantzationPOSDCORB, orgznlzattonand managementof
NES and reorganizedextension system.Rural developmentprogramme: an over view of CD
Programme before 1952, agricultural/nnal development prografirme ADP, LAAP, CADP,
FfhIP, SFDA, hill area development prograrnme, integtated tribal development project,
integrzted dryland farming project, integratedchild development scheme,IRDP, TRYSEM,
JRY, DWCRA, maltik atbangqiata,Sanisbcbitrujgar-ltojana. Role of voluntary organnations in
rurd development,women in agricultureand rural development.

.
t -
Practicals
Visit to block/extension training centre, acquaintancewith university extension sysrem,
study of nrral development Prograrnmesin villages,evaluationof extension programme,visit
and study of Panchayai Raj Institution.

, i , ; i, i i ! . , ,.:

44
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- V
Paper- VII (Post l{arvest Management& Processingof Fnrits and Vegetables)

Importance of PHM for fruits and vegetable.Total prodo.tion, consumption pattem and
Pest harvest losses in fruits and vegetables.Manrity and ripening Process, biochemical
changesafter harvesting,qualiry managementfor fresh'marketing and processing.Storageof
fruits and vegetables- ambient, low temperatureand controlled atrnospherestor4gesystem.
Packagingof fresh and processed products. Transportation system, mode of matketing
sorting, grading and handling. Preueatment of fresh produce for marketing and processing
General principles and methods of preservation PreParation of jam, marmalade, tomato
products pickles and chutney, drying fruits and vegetables,fruitbeverages juices, squashes,
nectars,cordials, by products of fruits and vegetablesprocessingindustries such as vinegal,
cider. Canned fruits and vegetable products, frozen fruits and vegetables,government
policies regulation and specificationsfor fresh and processedproducts. Export promotion
agenciesand their role in exPoft of fresh and processedproducts.

Practicds
Determination of respiration r te and detection of post harvest disorders/diseases.
Marketing lossesin fresh produce. Calculation of refrigeration lode for processing/stor?ge.
Effect of packaging material/transport system on thejr quality- Preparation of, iarn, iellies,
chutneys/sauces,ketchup and pickles. Canning dehydrationrand fteezrng of fruits *d
vegetables.Chemicd, analysisof fresh and processesproducts and visit to mandi, exPort
terminalsand processingindustries
r--

45
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- V
-
Paper VIII (PRACTICAL CROPSPRODUCTION - I)

Complete Practical acquaintance relating to scientific production technique of major field

crops of the season including sowing weeding hoeing fenthzer and manure application,
harvesting etc.

46
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SFMESTER - VI
-
PaPeT I (FARMING SYSTEM AI{D SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE)

Definition and concepts of farming system. Hi.tori.al developments in farming system.

Farming systems in India based on cultivation system $2. shifting, regulated, semi-
permanent and permanent cultivation on rainfed and iffigated lands with perennid crops;
grazng systems, enterprise mix, resources, technology and orientation. The q/pes of farming
system, geographical distribution, genen), chancteristics including relevant case studies,
weaknesses as well as development path of each system. Concepts, importance, need and
indicators of sustainability. Ecological basis of sustainabitty/resoruce management. A profile
of Indian agriculture in terms of availability of natural resourceb and their carrying capacity,
demographic compulsions, increasing fuel and fodder needs, problems of soil health, land
degradation and conservation of natural resources including soil and water as part of
sustainable resource management. Maintenance of the production base in irrigated
agriculture. Moderntzatron of agriculture and its relation with sustainability, natural resource
centered versus commodity led production system, low versus excessive external input
agriculture Q,ELA v/s HELA), necessiry and limits of using external inputs in LELA with
particular references to artificial fertilizers, pesticides, improved seeds, irrigation and
mechanization and their implication on sustainability. Basic ecological principles of low
extemal input sustainable agriculture (LEISA), securing favorable soil condition for plant
growth, optimizing nutrient availability and cycling, managing flow of solar radiation, water
and air, exploiting complementarily, synergies and combiti"g mi*ing crop, mixing livestock
and integrating crops and livestock including aquaculture, exploiting rndigenous Blants and
animals. Some promising LEISA techniques and practices - improved rhanure handling,
composting, green manuring and bio-fertilizers, crop residue management and suategic use
of mineral fertitzers. Mulchirg, wind breaks, water harvesting, tied ridging, strip cropping.
Permeable contour Iine barriers and water ponds. Practical Inter-cropping trap and decoy
crops, constructed traps, repellents, biological control and strategic used of pesticides in crop
and natural medicines in animal health cate. Bio-intensive gardening, contour farming,
integrated crop livestock fish farming, integrated forage production and farmer - centered
techniques and practices thereof. Evaluation of constraint and optiqization of farming
SVSICMS.

47
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER - VI
-
Paper II (Consenrationand Managementof Soil and Water Resources)

Soil resourcesof India; distribution of wasteland problem soils;water resourcesof India and
theit stilization in crop production; soil tilth managementand relationship with tillage; tilth
requirement of different crops; soil impedancelayers and their improvement; management
of soil water energy state of water in soil and availability to plants; management of soil
moisture under different climates;water harvestingtechniques,effect of water quality on soil
and plantsl soil aeration ptoblems and man"gen ent; soil thermal regimesin relation ro cfops
and their optimization.

Recycling of 4gricultural and industrial organic wastes;wastelandsand their management;

reclamation and managementof acidic, saline and sodic soils, soil erosion; extent, type and
effects; soil consenration techniques, watershed mgt.; application of remote sensing for
assessmentof soil and water resources

Practicals
Evaluation of irrigation water quality using water quality indices such as pH, EC RSC and
SAR. Tensiometer and their use. Meastrement of water holding and field capacitiesof soil.
Pteparation of saturation paste and saturation extracts of salt affected soils. Determination
of pH, EC, Ca, Mg and Na in saturation extracts Measurementof infiltration rate of soil.
Determination of CaCO, equivalent of liming material. Estimation of lime requirement of
acid soils and g5psum requirement sodic soils. Measurement of ODR and ER of soil.
Estimation of *"*, stable aggregatein soil and field trip to study the fioblems and
managementof soil and water resources.

48
 B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER - VI
paper-ll(oBNST{H:lT.IaulIgBE)
., ,,., ,,
O^.* - /T]|RT\IAMEI\ffAT- EIr)RTJ(]IIT-TTIREI
. "' ,,' ,.,..i,
: .. j : : ,, :..,. ::.
1.. ": ,
.

. Importance of omamental gardening in human life, theory and ptectice of landscape end
forrnd garden fot vatious places, identification, use of omamenal phnts fol fte
. beautification of private and public places, styles of g4rdens, fotmal, inbtmd ctc. lendscapc .
aod town planning, omamenal plana for rutal and wban ateas, indoot gedcning post
cultute; bonsai, hanging baske* etc Pdnciples and prectices involvcd in gowing omuncnal
annual and perennial plants, planning aod layout of vadoru parts of epQden,h€rbsccous rod :,
, .. shrubbery botders, lilly potg.rock gardens etc. cultivetior of ibpottenf omeneiital plints-r ,' ; :..,- .:,
rose, ghdiolus, chrysanthemum, tubelose, orchids, authurium' g.ib"rq drhlia, fcrns palns,
cycades,cacti etc. Post harvest technologl, pmject fomrulatioa aod evaluetion.

Practicals
Identification of ornamental plants, preparation, planting and ca.te of lawn seed bed
preparation and sowing, potting and repotting of omalnelt4l plants, raining and pruning of :
ornarnentalplants, cultural practicesin impo.rtantofnamental plants, bonsai culture, planning
'' : :' I '
and layout of gardens, project formulation use bf flowers for different PurPo-se,care and
maintenanceof green house/polyhouse plants and arranging flower show, visit to nurseries
and florist centres.

-.
t.-

49
 Paper- IV (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)
-
Unit I (BASICS OF EIWIRONMENTAL SCIENCES)

Inffoduction to Environmental Sciences:

'r Definition, scope and importance (the mulfidisciplinary narure of environmental
sciences)
r Need for public awarenesson Environment, Role of individual in Environmental
protection

Natutal Resources (Renewable and Non-tenewable Resourtes) :

r Natural Resourceconsen/ation:concePts
r Freshwater resources: use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water,
::
conflict over water, hydroelecuic projects, problems, uaditiond methods of
harvestingof freshwaterresorrces.
r Mineral resources:use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting mineral
: fesorrces, Lime stone quatrying in umaranchd
t Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
ovetgtazing effect of modem agriculture, fenthzet operatedproblem, water loggrng,
salinity.

r sorfces, use of alternateenergysources.

I Land resources:Land as a resources,land degradation,landslides,,soil crosion and
desertification.

Ecosystems:
r Concept, structure,and componentsof an ecosystem.
r Abiotic and biotic variables.
r. Ecosystem function, uophic levels,,energy flow, food chain, food web, Ecosystem,
homeostasis. :
r Examples of ecosystems(aquatic:pond, lake, river)
r Terrestrial ecosystem:Forest, mountain
r Ecological succession.

50
Biodiversity and its conservation:
r Inftoduction:- Definition, genetic,speciesand ecosystemdiversity.
' Bio-geographicalclassificationof India
. Values of biodiversity: 5 Es (Esthetic (Aesthetic),Economic, EnvironTent, Ethical, ,
Emotional.
' Biodiversity at global, national and local levels.
r India as a,megadiversity nation, hot spots of biodiverslty.
. Himal^yan wildlife: Habital losspoaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts, and
corrservation.
' Threatened categoriesas per IUCN.
. Conservationof biodiversity: In-sita urdEx+itu.orrr.*"tion of biodiversity.
.
Unit - II (APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)

Environmental Pollution:
' Definition, causes,effects and measuresof Air pollution.
r W'aterpollution and thermal pollution.
r Marine pollution.
' Noise and radioactive pollution
.So|idwasteandtheitmanagement(municipat,industrial(razardousandnon.'
hazardous),problems of solid waste disposal in Uttaranchal and integrated Solid
\WasteManagement(IS\X 0.
r Environmental hazatds in tltmalayas (floods, river, blockadeg clotrd burst,
landslides,earthquakes).

Environmental problems and Environmen:d Plltection: :

t Anthropogenic
and natural environmental,Problems. ,
i
EnVitonmentalethics;issuesand possiblesolutions.
r Climate change, global warning: causes, effects and mitigation (national and
international efforts)
. Ozon e layerdepletion: causes,effects and mitigation. (national and international)
r Environmental Protection Act 7986
r Air prevention and Conuol of pollution) Act, Water (Prevention and control of
Pollution) Act.
. \flildlife Protection Act 1972
r Forest ConservationAct 1980
' The Biological Diversity Act 2002
r Issues involved in enforcement of envitonmental legislation, public awafeness,
Article 48A and 51A
r Automobile Emission standardsG,co/Bhant),Ecomark

Human Population and the Environment:' ' ,

5l
 r Population grourth, variation among nations, population explosion Family $Telfare

. lT#ffi;t andhuman
health.
, ,: - . ,,, ., , ! Role of,Information Technolog5r_in environment and human,health.
i.:
", '1 ' Sustairlable
\) Development: ' .r:: ' ,1',. , '
r Definitiorr,.irr..ptr rrrdi*rencies
' Sustainabledevelopment of agro-ecosystem(organic faffning)
, ',r : ': r Sericultue, floriculture, bee keeping
r Sustainabledevelopment of hydroenergy in Utamnchal
r Traditiond Ecological knowledg. CtEtO

; : ' F i e l 4 \ r . ' o Pracricalc

t\/Ptzicti1als'..
. , , - Documentation of natural resourcesof local area(river, forest, lake, pond, mountain,
grassland)
I Visit to locd polluted sites-urban/nral/ndustrial/agricultural
r Study of Common plants, birds and mammals
t Snrdy of simple ecosystem(pond, river, lake, hill slopes,etc.)
r Visit to sanctuaries,national parks and biosphere resef\res.

: ' :

-.
t.-

52
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- YI .
Paper - V (SLVICULTURE AI{D AGRO-FORESTRY)

Introductionbasic terrns, concepts and scope, national and global need, grourth and
development of trees and forest stands growth and developmentd stages and growrtr
measurements, factors affecting tree and stand growth; plant succession kinds and causes,
naflrral and artificial regeneration establishment and care of tree nurseries tending operations '
cleaning, weeding, thinning, pruning and other cultural operation classification, regeneration
and crop characteristics of major Sitvicultural systems, basic concepts of rotation, sustainable
yield management and multiple use, establishment of forest stands/crops and agroforestry-
selection and management of tree and crop species i.e. plantidg density, geometry and
Silviculture, comparison among various land uses-mixed farming multiple cropping and
agroforestry, Interactions between components of agroforests for various resources and
productivity. Problems, choice and management of agro-forestry systems in various agro-
climatic zones.

Practicals
Identification and j"dg"g of tree species for their agro-forestry potentials, growth and
development stages of forest trees and shrubs, Qualification of growth (tree height,
diameter,volume and increment) in trees, forest types natural regenetation,seedcollection,
storageand testing. Planning forest nurseriessite preparation and planting, computation of
biological rotation in tree crop and tree crop interaction studiesir rgo forestry. :

53
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- \rI
Paper-VI (SEED PRODUCTION AIND PROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY)

Seed,its impotance in green revolution difference between grain and seed,concept of seed
quality, steps involved in seed production. Seed technology, its objectives and its role in
increasingagricultureproduction. Seedindustry in Indie. Development of seedprograrnmes,
generalprinciples of seedproduction. Seedreplacementrate, multiplication rate, Breeder's,
foundation and certified seed, maintenanceof genetic Purity, Nucleus and breeders seed
production of newly releasedand establishedvarietiesof self pollinated crops, viz, Rice,
Wheat Soybean/chickpea,Pigeonpea,Rapeseedand Mustard etc Maintenance of nucleus
and breeder's seedin cross pollinated crop varieties,inbreds and hon-inbreds, maintenance
of seedof establishedvarieties.Foundation and certified seedproduction of muze inbreds,
singleand double cross hybrids. Hybrid seedproduction of Sunflower, Sorghum, pearlmillet
and Rice using male sterility systems.Latest releasedhybrids of Maize, Sorghum,Baira and
Rice their characteristicfeature,seedproduction of Wheat, Rice, Oats, Soybean,Gram, Urd,
Moong, Sunflower, Pigeonpea etc, seed certification, its concepts, roles and gods, seed
certification 4geneies,certifigd and truthfully labeled seeds.Seed ptocessing, storage and
marketing, Uiniomo* seedcertification standardsfor self and cross-pollinatedcrops. Field
and seed inspections objectives, general principles and methods, Seed sampling and seed
testing for analyticalpudty, varietal identification thtough electrophoreses,Grow out test
for cultivar purity, seed legislation and seedlaw enforcement including IP& PBR in India,
Record developmentsin seed

t -
Practicals
Seed production in major croPs iz, Rice, Wheat, Soybean,pulses, Oil seeds, Marze,
Sunflower, Sorghum, Bain and Forage crops, Seed testing approachesand techniquesin
cereals,pulses,oilseedsand other crops.

54
 B.SC.AGRICULTURE SEMESTER- \rI
-
Paper VII (PRACTICAL CROPSPRODUCTION - II)

Complete Practical acquaintance relating to scientific production technique of major field of

the season crop(s) including sowing weeding, hoeing, fenthzet and manure application,
harvesting etc.

55