FEB 4TH 2020 D:5 C:5 T:2

Topic: heat transfer

mechanisms
 Goal
understand the heat transfer mechanisms
and identify them in daily life
 Heat Transfer
• Heat always is transferred from a warmer
place to a cooler place.
• Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to
room temperature.
• Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up
to room temperature.
 Question
• If a cup of coffee and a cube of ice were
left on the table in this room what would
happen to them? Why?
• The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches
room temperature. The ice will melt and
then the liquid will warm to room
temperature. This is what we call thermal
equilibrium.
 Types of Heat Transfer
• Conduction
– Only happens in solids
• Convection
– Only happens in fluids (liquids & gases)
• Radiation
– Does not use particles
– Pure heat energy
– Can occur anywhere, even in a vacuum
 Conduction (only occurs in solids)
• Hot particles vibrate a lot

• Cool particles vibrate a little

 Conduction
• Fast-moving particle ( a lot of energy)
collide with neighbouring particles
• This gives them more energy, making
them vibrate faster
 Conduction
• This continues along the length of the solid
until all the particles are vibrating with a lot
of energy
 Conduction
• This is a flow of heat by direct contact.
Heat travels from a warmer object
toward a colder object. A pan warming
on a electric stove is an example.
 Convection (only occurs in fluids)
• A fluid is a liquid or a gas
• One part of the fluid gets heated – the
particles move around with more energy
•“Hot” particles are
more spaced out
so they are less
dense, and rise
•“Cool” particles or
closer together so
they are more
dense, and fall
Cold air sinks

Where is the Freezer

freezer compartment
compartment
put in a fridge?
It is warmer
at the
It is put at the bottom, so
top, because this warmer
cool air sinks, air rises and
so it cools the a convection
food on the current is
way down. set up.
 Convection
Convection happens when there is a
difference in temperature between two parts of
a liquid or gas. The hot part of a fluid rises,
and the cooler part sinks. Examples include
boiling water.
 Radiation
• When heat is moved from one place to
another without using particles, it is called
radiation
• Heat radiation is infrared energy waves
The third method of heat transfer

How does heat energy get

from the Sun to the Earth?
There are no particles
between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT
travel by conduction or
by convection.

RADIATION
?
 Radiation
• These energy waves can travel through
any type of material but can be blocked by
anything that is too thick or dense
• Heat radiation can travel through a
vacuum – this is how the heat from the
Sun reaches us
 RADIATION
• Radiation is the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic radiation. Radiation
does not require a medium in which the
energy needs to transmit through.
Solar radiation warming the Earth’s
surface is an example. The radiation
transfers from the sun through space
and then strikes the Earth. All objects
emit radiation.