networks

a computer is a set of device after refferd to nodes connected by a communication

links.a node can be compuer or a printer or any other devices capable of sendingor
a
receving by a computer generated by other nodes of a computer

network creteria:-
a networksmust be able to a certion number of creteria and these are:-
@>performance:-performance can be messure in many ways,including transmit time and
response time. it also depend on number of factors, including the number of user
and
transmition medium the capabilites the connected hardware and the efficency of
software.performance is often evulated by throughtout and delay

@>reliabilty:-network reliablity are mesure by the frequncy of failure the time is

taken to links to recever from a failoure and network rebustnessin a catrastrophe

@>security:-network security reffers to protecting data from unauthorised access

damages and implementing polcies and procedure from breachesand data less

physical structureof netwoks:-

connection:-a connection is a links through which two or more devices can be

connected
to form networks and it is of two types:-

(i) point to point connection:-a point to point connection provides a dedicated

link between two devices.the entire capacity of the links is reserved for
transmition between those two devices. most point to point connection use an actual
lenght of wire orcable to connet the network ends.whenchanging the transmision
channel b infrred remote control,establish a point to point connection between the
remote control and T.Vcontrrol system
(ii)multi point connection:-multipoint connection is one in which more than two
specific devices is share a single link In in multipoint enviorment thecapacity of
the channel is share among connected devices

physical topolgy:-
it refferd to wayin which a networks is laid out physical.two or more devices
connected to a links ,two or more topolgy ,the topology of a networks is
geomatrically representedof the relationship of all the the links and linking
device to one another
network topolgy of are of five type:-
(i)mesh topolgy
(ii)star topology
(iii)bus topology
(iv)ring topology
(v)hybrid topology

(i)mesh topology:-in this topolgy every devices has a dedicated to point to point
link to every other devices.here dedicate means that the links carriestraffics only
between betweentwo devices connected.total number of physical links in afully
connected of mesh topology with n nodes must be{n(n-1)}links.if physically links
allows connection in both direction i.e fully duplex mode then total no of links
are{n(n-1)/2}.

advantages:-
(i)use of dedicated links garenties that each connection cancarry it own data load
the elements the traffics problem.
(ii)failour of any station donot distrubs the communication of other station so it
is robust topology
(iii)it provide the privicy of security.

disadvantage:-