0

EXTENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

OF SCHOOLS OF ALAMINOS CITY

____________________________

A Quantitative Research Proposal

Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS) Strand
Alaminos City National High School
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

___________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 2
Focused on Quantitative Research

____________________________

MARK MILBOY BACAY BIELZA

TRISHA BAGABAG BOADO
DAVID MYLES LIVARA FERNANDEZ
GENRIX MARCO CAMBA ONIA

August 2019
 1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Waste management is a very pressing issue today. Each person needs to

find his way to deal with it especially with the impact that it contributes which is evident

in the recent tragedies experienced by man, more particularly in the Philippines.

Remember the various landslides in high areas, flash floods in cities, unpredictable

weather condition and other related calamities, and it can be understood why the need to

address the concern with proper waste disposal. It is also important to counter the aging

world as its condition deteriorates by planting trees, vegetables and anything that can

refresh nature.

With it, many are beginning to realize that the things they use and the way they

dispose of them make a great impact not only to the place they live but most importantly

to the whole world.

The schools in Kalinga are faced with the major problem in terms of being

environment friendly. This is shown in the increase of solid wastes that contribute to

land pollution and outbreak of unusual illness. Thus, man must do an action to maintain

the balance of his nature.

Predominantly, the generation is greatly influenced by development. Therefore, it

is a requirement of nature for everyone to know the basic principles of proper waste

management in order to maintain its stance. Perhaps, a massive advocacy regarding

waste disposal is necessary during prime years in school. The learners need to feel

affection towards his nature.

 2

It was for this reason that the researchers were motivated to undergo this research

on the extent of solid waste management activities of schools in Kalinga.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to assess the extent of solid waste management activities of

schools in Kalinga as perceived by the teachers. Particularly, it seeks answers to the

following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 sex; and

1.3 educational attainment.

2. What is the extent of solid waste management activities of schools in Kalinga as

perceived by the teachers?

3. Is there a significant difference in the extent of solid waste management activities

of schools when respondents are grouped by profile?

4. What action plan may be proposed to enhance the extent of solid waste

management activities of schools?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the extent of solid waste management

activities of schools when respondents are grouped by profile.

 3

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of Respondents Extent of Solid Waste Proposed Action Plan to

in terms of: Management Activities Enhance the Solid Waste
of the Schools in Kalinga Management in Kalinga
-age
as Perceived by the
-sex Teachers

-educational
attainment

-Socio-economic status

Figure 1

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study endeavours to figure out the extent of solid waste management

activities of schools in Kalinga Division both in public elementary and secondary schools

during the school year 2017-2018. The school heads in Kalinga will serve as the

respondents of the study. They will be chosen using the non-probability purposive

sampling technique and will be asked to answer the structured questionnaire.

It will elicit information on the schools solid waste management activities

primarily on their collection or segregation practices. Too, it will find out the extent of

the method used by the schools of Kalinga in solid waste disposal.

The private schools are not included in this study as they have a different set of solid

waste management policies and sanctions.

Significance of the Study

 4

The researchers will conduct a study on this topic, as the findings will offer

understanding and data concerning the perceptual effects of practical research on the

efficacy of STEM 12 students. The study will provide useful information to the

curriculum organizers, school administrators, senior high school teachers, students, and

the future researchers.

To the curriculum organizers, this research will provide information that will

display the usefulness of the K to 12 curriculum acknowledging their great contribution

to the development of the students in enabling them to become effective and efficient

students.

To the school administrators, this study may serve as a basis for them to notify

and understand the perceptual effects of practical research to senior high school students

specifically the STEM students. Also with this, they may do further steps in order to

make their school’s practical research more productive.

To the senior high school teachers, the study will give them vital information

which provides them some insights and ideas that may help them to understand the

scenario and development of their students who have gone practical research.

To the students, this study is beneficial especially to the Senior High School

ones. This will serve as their source of information about the effects of practical research

to their efficacy. With the available information, they can do further improvements on

their studies specially in research.

 5

Finally, to the future researchers, the findings of this study will serve as a

requisite source of information for further elaboration or enhancement of their study

which is aligned to this research. The research’ localized data may be compared with the

available findings from studies conducted with different sets of respondents and in other

locales.

Definition of Terms

This section contains the conceptual definition of terms used in the study. To

achieve clearer understanding and better insight in the presentation, analysis, and

interpretation of data in this study, the operational definition of some terms that were

used within the study context was likewise presented.

Academic Aspect. A view wherein education is discussed to. It pertains to the

scholastic activities and works of the students at school. Also, it talks about the

performance of an individual to every school activity.

Interpersonal relationship. It is the nature of interaction that occurs between two

or more people. People in an interpersonal relationship may interact overtly, covertly,

face-to-face or even anonymously.

K to 12 Curriculum. Covers Kindergarten and 12 years of Basic Education to

provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and

prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle skills development, employment and

entrepreneurship.

Perceptual. Refers the involvement and relation of one’s perception based on his

or her experiences.
 6

Quantitative Study. It is an objective, systematic, and empirical investigation of

observable phenomenon through the use of computational techniques. Also, it highlights

numerical analysis of data.

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand. Strand

which is under the Senior High School’s academic track. In this study this refers to the

Grade 12 students who experienced developing, conducting, and defending their

researches.
 7

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies which were used

by the researchers as a frame of references and guide in conceptualizing their study. The

similarities and differences between the cited studies and the researchers’ proposed study

were discussed briefly at the end of each section.

Related Literature

The increased in generated waste has always been a global problem. People

continually throw garbage anywhere and everywhere. They are not fully aware on the

consequences of their action. And as time goes by, so is the increase in pollution.

Upon the implementation of the Republic Act 9003 in 2000, various local

governments have adopted and integrated the law into local laws and ordinances. RA

9003 provided the framework as to the Solid Waste Management Plans in various LGUs

in the country. In line with the implementation of the RA 2003, various researches and

reports are published regarding the assessment of the implementation of the Republic Act

in the local governments. These studies range from the assessment of the local

governments in their implementation of the RA 9003, to the challenges and mechanisms

of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines.

Foreign

Whittington (1970) affirms in his book on human’s chances of survival that

pollution is an issue vital to the future of humankind. This means that as early as possible,

the problem about pollution should be resolved. If not, it could be fatal to all of the
 8

people. Pollution means exploiting the surroundings. Because of this “exploitation”, the

result would be a disaster. Pollution can lead to several disadvantages which could

greatly harm all living things. If much of the evidence is available about the vital question

about a human’s chances of survival in an environment is circumstantial, hearsay or at

least not strongly corroborated. Yet, it is important to act upon the issue of degradation,

exploitation and pollution on our surroundings.

In the book of Micah in the Old Testament “Arise ye, and depart; for this is not

your rest: because it is polluted, it shall destroy you, even with a sore destruction.” This

is a very alarming issue. But in order to prevent such destruction and harm brought about

by pollution, it is important to disseminate information about it. Proper information and

dissemination can greatly help in the awareness of the public. Public awareness can be a

great means to reduce pollution.

In his book on pollution and its relationship to the lifestyle of the human being,

Hardman (2016) capitalized that historically, pollution with the resultant human

moralities and disruption to the environment was largely confined to centers of resource

extraction and product manufacturer. The world’s ever-growing population and its

progressive adoption of an industrially based lifestyle have inevitably led to an increased

anthropogenic impact on the biosphere. Meaning, human activities have been a factor in

the increasing number of pollutants; activities such as the establishment of factories, the

burning of garbage and the mishandling of wastes. A number of people attempted to

reduce the pollutants present in the community. However, it was not as successful as

what they thought it would be. There are only few of them who have tried; the most
 9

effective way to help prevent pollution is through the efforts of many. One of the

solutions to fight pollution is a good Solid Waste Management system.

Local

The book “The Garbage Book: Opportunities for Change” assessed the

implementation of the RA 9003 at the barangay level. It states that, “while the extent of

formal recycling through local government initiatives have been limited, informal and

private sector recycling is extensive, at all points from waste generation through to final

disposal. Scavenging forms a significant element of this activity.” It is also found out

that an insignificant amount of 10% of waste is only recycled. More so, it assessed that

community-based initiatives involve waste segregation at source, recycling, and

composting.

Programs have been attempted in many barangays throughout Metro Manila-some

have succeeded, others have failed for one reason or another.

Leadership is the key factor in successful programs. In most cases, the initiative

is led by the Barangay Captain or non-government organization aligned with the zero

waste movement. With the signing of RA 9003 into law, a challenge is posed for the

local governments to implement the provisions of the republic act into local laws and

ordinances. Various local governments have adopted and have implemented the RA

9003 into local ordinances, but the challenge comes with putting right sanctions to the

violators of the law. The assessment provided for by the different researchers suggests

that despite the presence of local ordinances, there is still much to be done.
 10

Related Studies

Local

Lago (2013), studied the terms of handling, storage, collection, transfer and

transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in the suburban community. In her

study, she indicated barangay officials, barangay workers and barangay residents as the

respondents. She measured on their awareness of the Republic Act 9003 or the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and the initiation of the LGU in the

implementation of the said Republic Act. The researcher concluded that the respondents

have moderate awareness of the RA 9003 and that this level of awareness led to the low

cooperation in the LGUs in terms of the implementation of the Republic Act. She also

concluded that this moderate level of awareness “discloses a community interest in

adopting the introduced Solid Waste Management system.”

Moreover, the assessment of the respondents on the Republic Act 9003 depends

on the level of awareness of the Republic Act and the perceived importance of the

Materials Recovery Facility.

Lastly, the researcher determined that the barangay should take the lead on the

implementation and support of the Republic Act 9003, which will, in return, affect the

receptiveness of the respondents to the said Act.

Quina (2015) who worked on “Wasting Away: The Challenges of Solid Waste

Management in the Philippines,” which was posted on the Forum, tackled on the situation

of Solid Waste Management in the country. The researcher presented the current

deplorable state of the Philippines in terms of waste, especially on landfills and

dumpsites. The researcher talked on the current law managing the Solid Waste
 11

Management in the country and the urban planning that led to the current Solid Waste

Management problem, especially in Manila. The study stated, “to begin with poor urban

planning and its inadequate implementation in Metro Manila have contributed

significantly to the solid waste problem.”

Also, Quina presented the current situation of the LGUs which acknowledges the

sector of tourism, thus reducing the impacts of the community on the environment,

mainly caused by the wastes generated in the households and industires. The study

assessed on the role of the Filipino individuals to the segregation of waste, saying that

most Filipino households do not even bother to segregate their solid waste. Becasuse of

this, there is a pressing need for material recovery facilities in communities across the

country. These facilities process solid waste to recover recyclable and reusable materials,

not only greatly reducing the volume of solid waste, but also generating revenue for the

LGUs.

Streegan (2016) presented in his study on assessment on the compliance of

Bacolod City to the RA 9003, the facts on the current situation of Bacolod City, including

the fact that waste management problems as a major pillar in the flooding of Bacolod

City. The researcher also presented the current situation of Barangay Felisa as the city’s

illegal open dump, where a sanitary landfill is proposed to be situated.

The researcher assessed Bacolod City into five conclusions. First, the Bacolod

City Government did not comply with the guidelines and deadlines of RA 9003 and

therefore the National Solid Waste Management Commission. Second, the City

Government failed to address the DENR’s request to establish a sanitary landfill. Third,

the City Government did not heed the call to close illegal open dumpsite in Barangay
 12

Felisa. Fourth, that the City Government could be subjected to criminal sanctions as a

result of non-compliance to RA 9003. Lastly, the City Government continued to operate

the illegal dumpsite in Barangay Felisa.

As a whole, the researcher stated that it is imperative that the city should be more

serious about the implementation of RA 9003 and should fast track its information drive

on this law so that the citizenry could become more aware of its provisions. It is equally

imperative that the citizenry, either in their homes or in their workplaces should

implement proper waste segregation, so that the City could comply with its agreement

with the DENR.

Todoc’s (2012) study on decentralized solid waste management in the

Philippines, he sought to analyze the framework of Solid Waste Management in the

Philippines. The study also aimed to formulate strategies for its replication in the country

and among local government members of the Kitakyushu Initiative Network. It tackled

on four barangays and villages in the country, which assessed the compliance of Local

Government Units to the Republic Act 9003. It further scrutinized on the budget

allotment, disposal facilities, and sanitary landfills of the LGUs.

Conceptual Framework
 13

Chapter 3

METHODS OF RESEARCH AND SOURCES OF DATA

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive correlational research design. The

respondents of this study were 120 teachers of SDO Kalinga using the non-probability

purposive sampling.

In collecting and gathering of data, this study used a structured survery

questionnaire.

In answering statement of the problem no. the statistical tools used were one-way

ANOVA and t-test. In answering statement of the problem no. 2 the study used mean and

average mean. To answer question no. 3 the study used T-test.

 14

QUESTIONNAIRE

EXTENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

OF SCHOOLS ALAMINOS CITY

Part I. Respondent’s Demographic Profile

Direction: Put a check mark on the information suited to you.

Age:

____ 21-26 years old _____ 37-41

____ 27-31 years old _____42-46

____32-36 years old _____ 47 and above

Sex:

____ Male _____ Female

Educational Attainment:

_____ College Graduate _____ Doctoral Units

_____ MA units _____ Doctoral Graduate

_____ MA Graduate

Socio-economic Status: (Monthly Income)

_____ 20,000 - 30,099 _____ 31,000 – 40,099 _____ 41,000 and Above

Part II. Survey Questionnaire

 15

Directions: To what extent do the following Solid Waste Management (SWM) activities

are observed in your school. Put a check mark ( / ) on the box that corresponds to your

answer. For your responses, refer to the following scale:

5 – Very High Extent

4 – High Extent

3 – Moderate Extent

2 – Low Extent

1 – No Extent

Teacher’s Perception on the Solid Waste Management 1 2 3 4 5

Activities
1. Practice the RA 9003 or Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
2. Comply with the Barangay Ordinance about waste
disposal
3. Observe waste segregation
4. Dispose waste properly
5. Do waste recycling
6. Reuse old stuff
7. Reduce waste
8. Comply with the schedule of garbage collection in school
9. Attend seminars about proper waste disposal
10. Share knowledge about proper waste disposal to relatives

Mean Scale Range Descriptive Rating

1.05 – 1.50 No Extent (NE)

1.51 – 2.50 Low Extent (LE)
2.51 – 3.50 Moderate Extent (ME)
3.51 – 4.50 High Extent (HE)
4.51 – 5.00 Very High Extent (VHE)
 16

REFERENCES

Gaite M., and Eggerth L., 2000. Planning for sustainable and integrated solid waste

management. Edited by: Adrian Coad, SKAT, Workshop Report, 18-21,

September 2000.

Lopez, Tabuk City Barangay pushes for proper waste management campaign. Online

Reading 27th of April 2012. http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?

Article=181335495225.