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Chapter 1 – History
Orville and Wilbur Wright – December 17, 1903
Montgolfier brothers – hot-air balloons
Sir George Cayley – father of aerial navigation
William Samuel Henson & John Stringfellow – aerial steam carriage
Felix Du Temple & Alexander F. Mozhaiski – first two powered hops
Otto Lilienthal – the glider man – human flight in flying experiments
- followed by Percy Pilcher
Octave Chanute – collected every piece of aeronautical information
Samuel Langley – unsuccessful manned flight, Aerodrome
Aeronautical Triangle – Samuel Langley, Wright brothers, Glenn Curtiss
Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir – first practical gas engine
Typical cruising altitudes for subsonic commercial jet transports are from 30,000 to 40,000 ft; for
supersonic transports they are from 50,000 to 60,000 ft.
Total takeoff distance is the sum of the ground roll distance and the distance (measured along
the ground) to clear a 35-ft height (for jet-powered civilian transports) or a 50-ft height (for all
other airplanes)
Total landing distance is the sum of the ground roll distance (measured along the ground) to
achieve touchdown in a glide from a 50-ft height.
Airplanes with lower wing loadings will have smaller turn radii and larger turn rates, everything
else being equal.
The time rate of change of energy height is equal to the specific excess power.
Louis-Charles Breguet
Chapter 9 – Propulsion
The reduction of PA with altitude can be delayed if a supercharger is used on the engine.
Supercharger – pump, driven from the engine crankshaft
Turbosupercharger – driven by a small turbine mounted in the engine exhaust jet
Supersonic Combustion Ramjet – SCRAMjet
The specific impulse is a direct measure of the efficiency of a rocket engine-propellant
combination
Best combination for specific impulse – hydrogen fluorine
He 178 – first gas turbine-powered, jet-propelled aircraft, engine by Hans von Ohain
Frank Whittle – first jet engine to successfully operate
Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star – first US production-line jet airplane
Robert H. Goddard – world’s first liquid-fueled rocket