Mechatronics in Biomedical

•Basics of biomechanics
•Medical Mechatronics
•Biomedical robots
BIOMECHANICS
• Biomechanics has been defined as the study
of the movement of living things using the
science of mechanics.
• Mechanics is a branch of physics that is
concerned with the description of motion and
how forces create motion.
• Biomechanics provides conceptual and
mathematical tools that are necessary for
understanding how living things move.
WHY STUDY BIOMECHANICS?
• The improvement of performance
• The reduction or treatment of injury
 Biomechanics

Biology Physics

Skeletal Muscular Nervous

Mechanics
system System system

Kinetics Kinematics

Biomechanics: Study of Biological Systems by means of Mechanical Principles

MOVEMENT PRINCIPLES
PROJECTILE PRINCIPLES
MUSCLE ACTIONS
• Muscle forces are the main internal motors
and brakes for human movement.
APPLICATIONS OF BIOMECHANICS
• Physical Education
• Coaching
• Strength and Conditioning
• Rehabilitation
BIOMEDICAL MECHATRONICS

User Interface

Sensors controller Actuators

Power
conversion
unit
Biomedical Sensors
• Physical sensors
 Geometric
 Mechanical
 Thermal
 Hydraulic
 Electric
 Optical
• Chemical sensors
 Gas
 Electrochemical
 Photometric
 Bioanalytic
APPLICATIONS OF
MECHATRONICS IN BIOMEDICAL
• Rehabilitation
• Prosthetic
• Medical Informatics
• Health Support System
• Applications in Imaging
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation refers to the improvement of a
person’s health condition through the
training, exercise and physical therapies after
a period of illness, addiction, etc.
Rehabilitation
The robots in rehabilitation have two main
approaches
• The end-effector approach which the robot
allows the patient to move within a defined
workspace to perform a given task.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zuqmsxnuBA

• The exoskeleton approach which the robot

holds and moves the person’s limb(s) or body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGadOXHO624
Rehabilitation

The end-effector The exoskeleton approach

Rehabilitation example

MIT-Manus
Prosthetic
• An artificial device that replaces a missing
body part, which may be lost through trauma,
disease, or a condition present at birth.
Prostheses are intended to restore the normal
functions of the missing body part.
• Prosthetic limbs that mimic realistic
movements
• sEMG = Surface Electromyography
Prosthetic
Prosthetic
Health Support System
• Respiration – Ventilators
• Defibrillator / Cardiovascular System
• Patient Lift System
• ECG
• Dialysis
Medical Informatics
• Hospital Information Systems
• Computer-Based Patient Records
• Involvement of IoT
Applications in Imaging
• X-Ray
• Computed Tomography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic Resonance Microscopy
• Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)
Other Examples
• Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers
• Smart Knee Brace with Motion Intelligence
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_auCvdwW3H4)

• Hearing ads
• Smart watches and chest belts
• Foot drop
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=24&v=OwEToWHoqGY&feature=emb_title)
Medical Applications of Virtual
Reality Technology
• Surgical training and surgical planning
• Medical education, modelling, and nonsurgical
training
• Anatomical imaging and medical image fusion
• Ergonomics, rehabilitation, and disabilities
• Telesurgery and telemedicine
• Behavioural evaluation and intervention
Biomedical Robots
• Surgical robots: These are in most telemanipulators,
which use the surgeon's activators on one side to
control the "effector" on the other side. Either allow
surgical operations to be carried out with big precision
than an unaided human surgeon or allow remote
surgery where a human surgeon is not physically
present with the patient.
• Companion robot: has the capability to engage
emotionally with users keeping them company and
alerting if there is a problem with their health.
• Disinfection robot: has the capability to disinfect a
whole room in mere minutes, generally using
pulsed ultraviolet light or spraying sanitizers.
Surgical robots
Surgical robots
Surgical robots
Advantages
• Accuracy - Robots once instructed can perform a task without fatigue and
with accuracy, even after long hours of operation. A robot would also
eliminate hand-tremors of the surgeon, due to fatigue or other reasons
and increase accuracy of the operation.
• Smaller Scars - Robots perform surgery by making smaller cuts to the
patient' s body, thus leaving smaller scars to the patients.
• Less Blood Loss - Smaller incisions lead to lesser amount of blood loss for
the patients.
• Less Pain - Patients suffer lesser pain due to the smaller cuts made by the
robots.
• Faster Recovery - Smaller external cuts, eventually leads to faster healing,
decreased possibility of infections, and therefore a faster recovery for the
patients.
• Shorter Hospital Stay - Speedier healing and recovery leads to a shorter
stay in the hospital thus saving costs.
Companion robots

https://medicalfuturist.com/the-top-12-social-companion-robots/
 Disinfection robots

http://www.uvd-robots.com/