Hindawi

Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2020, Article ID 2690125, 8 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2690125

Research Article
Instantaneous and Noninstantaneous Impulsive
Integrodifferential Equations in Banach Spaces

Saïd Abbas ,1 Mouffak Benchohra ,2 and Gaston M. N'Guérékata 3

1
Department of Mathematics, Tahar Moulay University of Saida, P.O. Box 138, EN-Nasr, 20000 Saida, Algeria
2
Laboratory of Mathematics, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel-Abbès, P.O. Box 89, Sidi Bel-Abbès 22000, Algeria
3
Department of Mathematics, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore MD 21252, USA

Correspondence should be addressed to Gaston M. N'Guérékata; nguerekata@aol.com

Received 12 February 2020; Revised 5 April 2020; Accepted 7 April 2020; Published 11 May 2020

Academic Editor: Kunquan Lan

Copyright © 2020 Saïd Abbas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This paper deals with some existence of mild solutions for two classes of impulsive integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces.
Our results are based on the fixed point theory and the concept of measure of noncompactness with the help of the resolvent
operator. Two illustrative examples are given in the last section.

1. Introduction cussed the existence for impulsive semilinear differential

The existence of mild solutions is developed in [1, 2] for some
semilinear functional differential equations. There has been a
significant development in functional evolution equations in
recent years (see the monographs [3–5], the papers [6–12],
and the references therein).
The study of an abstract nonlocal Cauchy problem was
initiated by Byszewski [13] in 1991. Evolution equations with
nonlocal initial conditions were motivated by physical
problems. As a matter of fact, it is demonstrated that the evo-
lution equations with nonlocal initial conditions have better
effects in applications than the classical Cauchy problems.
For example, it was pointed in [14, 15] that the nonlocal
problems are used to represent mathematical models for evo-
lution of various phenomena, such as nonlocal neural net-
works, nonlocal pharmacokinetics, nonlocal pollution, and
nonlocal combustion. Due to nonlocal problems having a
wide range of applications in real-world applications, evolu-
tion equations with nonlocal initial conditions were studied
by many authors. Xue [16] studied the existence of mild
solutions for semilinear differential equations with nonlocal
initial conditions in separable Banach spaces. Xue discussed
the semilinear nonlocal differential equations when the semi-
group TðtÞ generated by the coefficient operator is compact
and the nonlocal term g is not compact. Fan and Li [4] dis-
equations with nonlocal conditions by using Sadovskii’s fixed
point theorem and Schauder’s fixed point theorem.
Recently, several researchers obtained other results by
application of the technique of measure of noncompactness
(see [17–19] and the references therein).
Impulsive differential equations have become more
important in recent years in some mathematical models of
real phenomena, especially in biological or medical domains,
and in control theory (see, for example, the monographs
[20–22] and the papers [23–25]). In this paper, we first dis-
cuss the existence of mild solutions for the following nonlo-
cal problem of impulsive integrodifferential equations
8 ðt
>
> ′
>
> u ð t Þ = Au ð t Þ + Yðt − sÞuðsÞds + f ðt, uðt ÞÞ ;  t ∈ I k , k = 0, ⋯, m,
< 0
>
> uðt +k Þ = uðt −k Þ + Lk ðuðt −k ÞÞ ;  k = 1, ⋯, m,
>
>
:
uð0Þ + gðuÞ = u0 ∈ E,
ð1Þ
where I 0 = ½0, t 1 , I k ≔ ðt k , t k+1  ; k = 1, ⋯, m, 0 = t 0 < t 1 <⋯<
t m < t m+1 = T, f : I k × E ⟶ E ; k = 1, ⋯, m, Lk : E ⟶ E ;
k = 1, ⋯, m, g : PC ⟶ E are given functions, the set PC is
given later, E is a real (or complex) Banach space with
2 Abstract and Applied Analysis

norm ∥·∥, u ′ ðtÞ ≔ du/dt, A : DðAÞ ⊂ E ⟶ E generates a C 0 where I 0 ≔ ½0, t 1 , J k ≔ ðt k , sk , I k ≔ ðsk , t k+1  ; k = 1, ⋯, m, f
-semigroup on the Banach space E, and YðtÞ is a closed lin- : I k × E ⟶ E, gk : J k × E ⟶ E are given functions such that
ear operator on E with DðAÞ ⊂ DðYÞ: gk ðt, uðt −k ÞÞjt=s = uk ∈ E ; k = 1, ⋯, m, g : P C ⟶ E is a
k
In [26–29] the authors initially offered to study some given function, the set P C is given later, and 0 = s0 < t 1 ≤ s1
classes of impulsive differential equations with noninstanta- < t 2 ≤ s2 <⋯≤sm−1 < t m ≤ sm < t m+1 = T.
neous impulses. Motivated by the above papers, we next dis-
cuss the existence of mild solutions for the following nonlocal 2. Preliminaries
problem of noninstantaneous impulsive integrodifferential
equations: By BðEÞ, we denote the space of the bounded linear operator
from E into itself. Let CðIÞ ≔ CðI, EÞ be the Banach space of
8 ðt continuous functions from I ≔ ½0, T into E. Let L∞ ðIÞ be
>
> ′ the Banach space of measurable functions v : I ⟶ ℝ that
>
> u ð t Þ = Auðt Þ + Yðt − sÞuðsÞds + f ðt, uðt ÞÞ ;  t ∈ I k , k = 0, ⋯, m,
>
> are essentially bounded and equipped with the norm
>
<
0

uðt Þ = gk ðt, uðt −k ÞÞ ;  t ∈ J k , k = 1, ⋯, m,

>
>
>
> uðsk Þ + gðuÞ = uk ∈ E ;  k = 0, ⋯, m,
>
> ∥v∥L∞ = inf fc > 0 : ∣vðt Þ∣≤c, a:e:t ∈ I g: ð3Þ
>
:

ð2Þ Consider the Banach space

PC = fu : I ⟶ E : u ∈ CðI k Þ ;  k = 0, ⋯, m, and there exist uðt −k Þ and uðt +k Þ ; k = 1, ⋯, m, with uðt −k Þ = uðt k Þg ð4Þ

with the norm Definition 2 [32]. LetXbe a Banach space and letΩX be the
family of bounded subsets ofX. The Kuratowski measure of
noncompactness is the mapμ : ΩX ⟶ ½0,∞Þdefined by
∥u∥PC = sup ∥uðt Þ∥: ð5Þ
t∈I n   o
μðM Þ = inf ε > 0 : M ⊂ ∪mj=1 M j , diam M j ≤ ε , ð7Þ
A semigroup of bounded linear operators TðtÞ is uni-
formly continuous if where M ∈ ΩX .

For our purpose, we will need the following fixed point

lim ∥T ðt Þ − I∥E = 0: ð6Þ
t→0 theorem:

Theorem 3. (Monch’s fixed point theorem [33]). Let Dbe a

Here, I denotes the identity operator in E. bounded, closed, and convex subset of a Banach space such
We note that if a semigroup TðtÞ is of class ðC0 Þ, then it that0 ∈ Dand letNbe a continuous mapping ofDinto itself. If
satisfies the growth condition the implication
∥TðtÞ∥BðEÞ ≤ Meβt , for 0 ≤ t<∞ with some constants M
> 0 and β ≥ 0.  is compact,
 ðV Þ or V = N ðV Þ ∪ f0g ⇒ V
V = convN ð8Þ
If, in particular, M = 1 and β = 0, i.e, ∥TðtÞ∥BðEÞ ≤ 1, for t
≥ 0, then the semigroup TðtÞ is called a contraction semi-
group. For more details on strongly continuous operators, holds for every subset V of D, then N has a fixed point.
we refer the reader to the books [30, 31].
Let MX denote the class of all bounded subsets of a met- 3. Mild Solutions with Instantaneous Impulses
ric space X:
In this section, we are concerned with the existence results of
Definition 1. LetXbe a complete metric space. A the problem (1).
mapμ : MX ⟶ ½0,∞Þis called a measure of noncompactness
onXif it satisfies the following properties for allB, B1 , B2 ∈ MX . Definition 4 [10]. A resolvent operator for the Cauchy problem

8 ðt
(a) μðBÞ = 0 if and only if B is precompact (regularity) >
< u ′ ðt Þ = Auðt Þ + Yðt − sÞuðsÞds ;  t ∈ ½0,∞Þ,
 (invariance under closure)
(b) μðBÞ = μðBÞ 0 ð9Þ
>
:
(c) μðB1 ∪ B2 Þ = max fμðB1 Þ, μðB2 Þg (semiadditivity) uð0Þ = u0 ∈ E,
Abstract and Applied Analysis 3

is a bounded linear operator-valued function RðtÞ ∈ BðEÞ ; and for each bounded set B1 ⊂ PC, we have
t ≥ 0, verifying the following conditions:
μðgðB1 ÞÞ ≤ q∗ sup μðB1 ðt ÞÞ, ð15Þ
(i) Rð0Þ = I (the identity map of E) and ∥RðtÞ∥≤Neνt for t∈I
some constants N > 0, and ν ∈ ℝ
where B1 ðtÞ = fuðtÞ: u ∈ B1 g ; t ∈ I.
(ii) For each u ∈ E, RðtÞu is strongly continuous for t ≥ 0 Set
(iii) RðtÞ is bounded for t ≥ 0. For u ∈ DðAÞ, Rð·Þu ∈ C
Ð p∗ = ∥p∥L∞ , and M = sup ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ : ð16Þ
ðℝ+ , DðAÞÞ ∩ C 1 ðℝ+ , EÞand R ′ ðtÞu = ARðtÞu + t0 Yð
Ð t∈I
t − sÞRðsÞuds = RðtÞAu + t0 Rðt − sÞYðsÞuds ; t ∈ ½0,
∞Þ Theorem 7. Assume that the hypotheses ðR1 Þ, ðR2 Þ, ðH 1 Þ
–ðH 4 Þ hold. If

Let us introduce the following hypotheses: !

m
ðR1 Þ The operator A is the infinitesimal generator of a ℓ ≔ M q + Tp +∗ ∗
〠 l∗k < 1, ð17Þ
uniformly continuous semigroup ðSðtÞÞt≥0 k=0
ðR2 Þ For all t ≥ 0, YðtÞ is a closed linear operator from
DðAÞ to E and YðtÞ ∈ BðEÞ: For any u ∈ E, the map t ↦ YðtÞ then problem (1) has at least one mild solution defined
u is bounded differentiable and the derivative t ↦ Y ′ ðtÞu is on I.
bounded uniformly continuous on ℝ+ .
Proof. Transform problem (1) into a fixed point problem.
Theorem 5 [10, 34]. Assume that ðR1 Þ and ðR2 Þ hold. Then, Consider the operator N : PC ⟶ PC defined by
there exists a unique uniformly continuous resolvent operator
for the Cauchy problem (9). ðt
ðNuÞðt Þ = Rðt Þ½u0 − gðuÞ + Rðt − sÞ f ðs, uðsÞÞds
Definition 6 [34]. By a mild solution of the problem (1), we 0 ð18Þ
mean a function u ∈ PC that satisfies + 〠 Rðt − t i ÞLi ðuðt i ÞÞ ;  t ∈ I:
0<t i <t
ðt
uðt Þ = Rðt Þ½u0 − gðuÞ + Rðt − sÞ f ðs, uðsÞÞds
0 ð10Þ Let ρ > 0, such that
+ 〠 Rðt − t i ÞLi ðuðt i ÞÞ ; t ∈ I:
∗
0<t i <t M ð∥u0 ∥+q∗ + Tp∗ + ∑m
k=0 l k Þ
ρ≥ m ∗ , ð19Þ
1 − M ðq∗ + Tp∗ + ∑k=0 lk Þ
The following hypotheses will be used in the sequel.
H 1 The function t ↦ f ðt, uÞ is measurable on I for each
and consider the ball Bρ ≔ Bð0, ρÞ = fw ∈ PC : ∥w∥PC ≤ ρg.
u ∈ E, and the function u ↦ f ðt, uÞ is continuous on E for
a.e. t ∈ I k , For any u ∈ Bρ and each t ∈ I, we have
H 2 There exists a function p ∈ L∞ ðIÞ, such that
∥ðNuÞðt Þ∥ ≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ ½∥u0 ∥+∥gðuÞ∥
∥f ðt, uÞ∥ ≤ pðt Þð1+∥u∥Þ ;  for a:e:t ∈ I k , and each u ∈ E ðt
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds
ð11Þ 0
+ 〠 ∥Rðt − t i Þ∥BðEÞ ∥Li ðuðt i ÞÞ∥
H 3 There exist positive constants q∗ , l∗k ; k = 0, ⋯, m, 0<t i <t
such that " !#
m
≤ M ∥u0 ∥+ð1 + ρÞ q + Tp + ∗ ∗
〠 l∗k : ≤ ρ:
∥gðuÞ∥ ≤ q∗ ð1+∥u∥PC Þ ;  for each u ∈ PC, ð12Þ k=0

and ð20Þ

∥Lk ðuÞ∥ ≤ l∗k ð1+∥u∥Þ ;  k = 0, ⋯, m, for a:e:t ∈ I, and each u ∈ E, Thus,

ð13Þ ∥N ðuÞ∥PC ≤ ρ: ð21Þ

H 4 For each bounded set B ⊂ E, we have This proves that N transforms the ball Bρ into itself.
We shall show that the operator N : Bρ ⟶ Bρ satisfies
μð f ðt, BÞÞ ≤ pðt ÞμðBÞ, μðLk ðBÞÞ ≤ l∗k μðBÞ ;  k = 0, ⋯, m,
all the assumptions of Theorem 3. The proof will be given
ð14Þ in three steps.
4 Abstract and Applied Analysis

Step 1. N : Bρ ⟶ Bρ is continuous. t ⟶ vðtÞ = μðVðtÞÞ is continuous on I. By ðH 3 Þ and the

Let fun gn∈ℕ be a sequence such that un ⟶ u as n ⟶ ∞ properties of the measure μ, for each t ∈ I, we have
in Bρ . Then, for each t ∈ I, we have
vðt Þ ≤ μððNV Þðt Þ ∪ f0gÞ ≤ μððNV Þðt ÞÞ
ðt
kðNun Þðt Þ − ðNuÞðt Þk ≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ ∥gðun Þ
ðt ≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ q∗ sup μðV ðt ÞÞ + ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ pðsÞμðV ðsÞÞds
t∈I 0
− gðuÞ∥+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, un ðsÞÞ m
0 + 〠 ∥Rðt − t k Þ∥BðEÞ lk ðt ÞμðV ðt ÞÞ
− f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds + 〠 ∥Rðt − t i Þ∥BðEÞ ∥Li ðun ðt i ÞÞ k=0
ðt m
0<t i <t
ðT ≤ Mq∗ ∥v∥∞ + Mp∗ vðsÞds + M 〠 l∗k vðt Þ
0
− Li ðuðt i ÞÞ∥ ≤ M∥gðun Þ − gðuÞ∥+M ∥f ðs, un ðsÞÞ !
k=0
m
0
≤ M q∗ + Tp∗ + 〠 l∗k ∥v∥∞ :
− f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds + M 〠 ∥Li ðun ðt i ÞÞ − Li ðuðt i ÞÞ∥: k=0
0<t i <t
ð26Þ
ð22Þ
Hence,
Since un ⟶ u as n ⟶ ∞ and f , g, Li are continuous,
the Lebesgue-dominated convergence theorem implies that ∥v∥∞ ≤ ℓ∥v∥∞ : ð27Þ

∥N ðun Þ − N ðuÞ∥PC ⟶ 0 as n ⟶ ∞: ð23Þ From (17), we get ∥v∥∞ = 0, that is, vðtÞ = μðVðtÞÞ = 0, for
each t ∈ I, and then VðtÞ is relatively compact in E. In view of
Step 2. NðBρ Þis bounded and equicontinuous. the Ascoli-Arzelà theorem, V is relatively compact in Bρ .
Since NðBρ Þ ⊂ Bρ and Bρ is bounded, then NðBρ Þ is Applying now Theorem 3, we conclude that N has a fixed
bounded. point which is a mild solution of our problem (1).
Next, let t, τ ∈ I, τ < t and let u ∈ Bρ . Thus, we have
4. Mild Solutions with
kðNuÞðt Þ − ðNuÞðτÞk ≤ ∥Rðt Þ − RðτÞ∥BðEÞ ð∥u0 ∥+∥gðuÞ∥Þ
Noninstantaneous Impulses
ðτ
In this section, we are concerned with the existence results of
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ − Rðτ − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds problem (2). Denote by
0
ðt
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds PC = fy : I ⟶ E : y ∈ C ð½0, t 1  ∪ ðt k , sk  ∪ ðsk , t k+1 , EÞÞ, k = 1, ⋯, m,
τ
ð28Þ
+ 〠 ∥Rðt − t i Þ − Rðτ − t i Þ∥BðEÞ ∥Li ðuðt i ÞÞ∥:
0<t i <t
and there exist yðt −k Þ, yðt +k Þ, yðs−k Þ, and yðs+k Þ, k = 1, ⋯, m with
ð24Þ
yðt −k Þ = yðt k Þ and yðs−k Þ = yðsk Þg, the Banach space equipped
with the standard supremum norm.
Hence, we get
Definition 8 [34]. By a mild solution of problem (2), we mean
kðNuÞðt Þ − ðNuÞðτÞk ≤ ð∥u0 ∥+q∗ ð1 + ρÞÞ∥Rðt Þ − RðτÞ∥BðEÞ a function u ∈ P C that satisfies
ðτ
+ p∗ ð1 + ρÞ ∥Rðt − sÞ − Rðτ − sÞ∥BðEÞ ds 8 ðt
0 >
< uðt Þ = Rðt Þ½uk − gðuÞ + Rðt − sÞf ðs, uðsÞÞds ;   t ∈ I k , k = 0, ⋯, m,
+ Mp∗ ð1 + ρÞðt − τÞ + 〠 l∗i ð1 + ρÞ∥Rðt − t i Þ >
:
sk

0<t i <t uðt Þ = gk ðt, uðt −k ÞÞ ;  t ∈ J k , k = 1, ⋯, m:

− Rðτ − t i Þ∥BðEÞ : ð29Þ

ð25Þ The following hypotheses will be used in the sequel:
H 01 The functions t ↦ f ðt, uÞ and t ↦ gk ðt, uÞ are mea-
As the resolvent operator Rð·Þ is uniformly continuous, surable on I k and J k , respectively, for each u ∈ E, and the
the right-hand side of the above inequality tends to zero as functions u ↦ f ðt, uÞ and u ↦ gk ðt, uÞ are continuous on E
τ ⟶ t.
for a.e. t in I k and J k , respectively.
H 02 There exist functions p, lk ∈ L∞ ðIÞ ; k = 0, ⋯, m, such that
Step 3. The implication (8) holds.

 ∪ f0g. V ∥f ðt, uÞ∥ ≤ pðt Þð1+∥u∥Þ ;  for a:e:t ∈ I k , and each u ∈ E,

Now let V be a subset of Bρ such that V ⊂ NðVÞ
is bounded and equicontinuous, and therefore, the function ð30Þ
Abstract and Applied Analysis 5

∥gk ðt, uÞ∥ ≤ lk ðt Þð1+∥u∥Þ ; k = 1, ⋯, m, for a:e:t ∈ J k , and each u ∈ E: Next, for each t ∈ J k ; k = 1, ⋯, m, it is clear that
ð31Þ ∥ðNuÞðt Þ∥E ≤ l∗ : ð41Þ
H 03 There exists a positive constant q∗, such that
Hence,
∥gðuÞ∥ ≤ q∗ ð1+∥u∥P C Þ ;  for a:e:t ∈ I, and each u ∈ PC: ∥N ðuÞ∥P C ≤ max fL, l∗ g ≔ ρ: ð42Þ
ð32Þ
This proves that N transforms the ball Bρ ≔ fw ∈ P C
H 04 For each bounded set B ⊂ E and for each t ∈ I, we have : ∥w∥P C ≤ ρg into itself.
We shall show that the operator N : Bρ ⟶ Bρ satisfies
μð f ðt, BÞÞ ≤ pðt ÞμðBÞ, μðgk ðt, BÞÞ ≤ lk ðt ÞμðBÞ ;  k = 0, ⋯, m all the assumptions of Theorem 3. The proof will be given
in three steps.
ð33Þ
Step 1. N : Bρ ⟶ Bρ is continuous.
and for each bounded set B0 ⊂ PC, we have
Let fun gn∈ℕ be a sequence such that un ⟶ u as n ⟶ ∞
in Bρ : Then, for each t ∈ J k ; k = 1, ⋯, m, we have
μðgðB0 ÞÞ ≤ q∗ sup μðB0 ðt ÞÞ, ð34Þ
t∈I
∥ðNun Þðt Þ − ðNuÞðt Þ∥ ≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ ∥gk ðt, un ðt −k ÞÞ − gk ðt, uðt −k ÞÞ∥,
where B0 ðtÞ = fuðtÞ: u ∈ B0 g ; t ∈ I: ð43Þ
Set
and for each t ∈ I k ; k = 0, ⋯, m, we have
p∗ = ∥p∥L∞ , l∗ = max ∥lk ∥L∞ , M = sup ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ : ð35Þ
k=0,⋯,m t∈I
∥ðNun Þðt Þ − ðNun Þðt Þ∥ ≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ ∥gðun Þ
ðt
Theorem 9. Assume that the hypothesesðR1 Þ, ðR2 Þ, ðH 01 Þ
− gðuÞ∥+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, un ðsÞÞ
–ðH 04 Þhold. If sk
ð44Þ
∗ ∗ ∗ − f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds ≤ M∥gðun Þ
ℓ ≔ max fl , M ðq + Tp Þg < 1, ð36Þ ðT
− gðuÞ∥+M ∥f ðs, un ðsÞÞ − f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds:
then problem (2) has at least one mild solution defined on I. sk

Proof. Transform problem (2) into a fixed point problem. Since un ⟶ u as n ⟶ ∞ and f , g, gk are continuous,
Consider the operator N : PC ⟶ PC defined by the Lebesgue-dominated convergence theorem implies that
8 ðt
>
< ðNuÞðt Þ = Rðt Þ½uk − gðuÞ + Rðt − sÞf ðs, uðsÞÞds ;  t ∈ I k , k = 0, ⋯, m, ∥N ðun Þ − N ðuÞ∥P C ⟶ 0 as n ⟶ ∞: ð45Þ
sk
>
:
ðNuÞðt Þ = gk ðt, uðt −k ÞÞ ;  t ∈ J k , k = 1, ⋯, m: Step 2. NðBρ Þis bounded and equicontinuous.
ð37Þ Since NðBR Þ ⊂ Bρ and Bρ is bounded, then NðBρ Þ is
bounded.
Let L > 0, such that Next, let t, τ ∈ I k , τ < t and let u ∈ Bρ . Thus, we have

M ð∥uk ∥+q∗ + Tp∗ Þ ∥ðNuÞðt Þ − ðNuÞðτÞ∥ ≤ ∥Rðt Þ − RðτÞ∥BðEÞ ð∥u0 ∥+∥gðuÞ∥Þ

L≥ : ð38Þ ðτ
1 − M ðq∗ + Tp∗ Þ
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ − Rðτ − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds
0
For any u ∈ PC and each t ∈ I k , we have ðt
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds:
τ
∥ðNuÞðt Þ∥ ≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ ½∥uk ∥+∥gðuÞ∥
ðt ð46Þ
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ ∥f ðs, uðsÞÞ∥ds ð39Þ
sk Hence, we get
∗ ∗
≤ M ½∥uk ∥+ð1 + LÞðq + Tp Þ ≤ L:
∥ðNuÞðt Þ − ðNuÞðτÞ∥ ≤ ð∥u0 ∥+q∗ ð1 + ρÞÞ∥Rðt Þ − RðτÞ∥BðEÞ
ðτ
Thus, + p∗ ð1 + ρÞ ∥Rðt − sÞ − Rðτ − sÞ∥BðEÞ ds:
0
∥N ðuÞ∥P C ≤ L: ð40Þ ð47Þ
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis

As τ ⟶ t, the right-hand side of the above inequality Hence,

tends to zero.
∥v∥∞ ≤ ℓ∥v∥∞ : ð51Þ
Step 3. The implication (8) holds.
Now let V be a subset of BR such that V ⊂ NðVÞ  ∪ f0g. V From (36), we get ∥v∥∞ = 0; that is, vðtÞ = μðVðtÞÞ = 0, for
is bounded and equicontinuous, and therefore, the function each t ∈ I, and then VðtÞ is relatively compact in E. In view of
t ⟶ vðtÞ = μðVðtÞÞ is continuous on I. By ðH 03 Þ and the the Ascoli-Arzelà theorem, V is relatively compact in Bρ .
properties of the measure μ, for each t ∈ I k , we have Applying now Theorem 3, we conclude that N has a fixed
point which is a mild solution of problem (2).
vðt Þ ≤ μððNV Þðt Þ ∪ f0gÞ ≤ μððNV Þðt ÞÞ ≤ l∗ ∥v∥∞ ≤ ℓ∥v∥∞ :
ð48Þ 5. Examples
Let
Next, for each t ∈ I k , we have
 ðπ 
vðt Þ ≤ μððNV Þðt Þ ∪ f0gÞ ≤ μððNV Þðt ÞÞ H ≔ L ð½0, πÞ = u : ½0, π ⟶ ℝ : juðxÞj dx<∞ ,
2 2
0
≤ ∥Rðt Þ∥BðEÞ q∗ sup μðV ðt ÞÞ
t∈I ð52Þ
ðt
Ð
+ ∥Rðt − sÞ∥BðEÞ pðsÞμðV ðsÞÞds ð49Þ be the Hilbert space with the scalar product <u, v> = π0 u
0
ðt ðxÞvðxÞdx. It is known that H is a Banach space with
≤ Mq∗ ∥v∥∞ + Mp∗ vðsÞds the norm
0
ð π 1/2
≤ M ðq∗ + Tp∗ Þ∥v∥∞ ≤ ℓ∥v∥∞ :
∥u∥2 = juðxÞj2 dx : ð53Þ
0
Thus, for each t ∈ I, we get
Example 1. Consider the following problem of impulsive
vðt Þ ≤ ℓ∥v∥∞ : ð50Þ integrodifferential equations

8 ðt
>
> ∂ ∂2 ∂2
>
> z ð t, x Þ = z ð t, x Þ + Q ð t, z ð t, x Þ Þ + bð t − sÞ z ðs, xÞds ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð1, 2, x ∈ ½0, π,
>
> ∂t ∂x2 ∂x2
>
<
0

z ð1+ , xÞ = z ð1− , xÞ + L1 ðz ð1− , xÞÞ ;  x ∈ ½0, π, ð54Þ

>
>
>
> z ðt, 0Þ = zðt, πÞ = 0 ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð1, 2,
>
>
>
:
z ð0, xÞ + gðz Þ = 1 + x2 ;  x ∈ ½0, π, z ∈ PC,

where t ∈ I = ½0, 2, PC ≔ PCð½0, 2, HÞ, We define the strongly elliptic operator A : DðAÞ ⊂ H
⟶ H by
 
ct 2 1
Qðt, z ðt, xÞÞ = e−7 + t+x+5 ð1 + zðt, xÞÞ ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð1, 2, Au = A ðx, DÞu = 〠 aμ ðxÞDμ u, ð57Þ
1+∥z∥2 e
∣μ∣≤2m
zð1− , xÞ
L1 ðz ð1− Þ, xÞ = ,
3e4 ð1+∥z ð1− , xÞ∥2 Þ where aμ ∈ C2m ð½0, πÞ and DðAÞ = H 2m ð½0, πÞ ∩ H m
0 ð½0, πÞ.
ð55Þ It is well known (see [31]) that A generates a uniformly
continuous semigroup TðtÞ ; t ≥ 0 in the Hilbert space H.
For x ∈ ½0, π, we have
and
uðt ÞðxÞ = z ðt, xÞ ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð1, 2,
ðπ
e−y
gðz Þ = K ðx, yÞ dy, ð56Þ f ðt, uðt ÞÞðxÞ = Qðt, z ðt, xÞÞ ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð1, 2,
0 1+∥z∥PC ð58Þ
Yðt Þ = bðt ÞA,
Ð πÐ π u0 ðxÞ = 1 + x2 ;  x ∈ ½0, π:
with 0 0
K 2 ðx, yÞdxdy<∞.
Abstract and Applied Analysis 7

Thus, under the above definitions of f , u0 , and A, rem 7 implies that problem (54) has at least one mild solu-
system (54) can be represented by problem (1). Further- tion on ½0, 2:
more, more appropriate conditions on Q ensure the Example 2. Consider now the following problem of impulsive
hypotheses ðR1 Þ, ðR2 Þ, ðH 1 Þ − ðH 5 Þ: Consequently, Theo- integrodifferential equations

8 ðt
>
> ∂ ∂2 ∂2
>
> z ð t, x Þ = z ð t, x Þ + Q ð t, z ð t, x Þ Þ + bð t − sÞ z ðs, xÞds ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð2, 3, x ∈ ½0, π,
>
> ∂t ∂x2 ∂x2
>
>
0
>
>
< z ðt, xÞ = g1 ðt, z ð1− , xÞÞ ;  t ∈ ð1, 2, x ∈ ½0, π,
ð59Þ
>
> z ðt, 0Þ = zðt, πÞ = 0 ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð2, 3,
>
>
>
>
> z ð0, xÞ + gðz Þ = 1 + ex ;  x ∈ ½0, π,
>
>
>
:
z ð2, xÞ + gðz Þ = 2 + ex ;  x ∈ ½0, π,

where t ∈ ½0, 3, PC ≔ PCð½0, 3, HÞ, [4] Z. Fan and G. Li, “Existence results for semilinear differential
equations with nonlocal and impulsive conditions,” Journal
  of Functional Analysis, vol. 258, no. 5, pp. 1709–1727, 2010.
ct 2 1
Qðt, z ðt, xÞÞ = e−7 + t+x+5 ð1 + zðt, xÞÞ ;  t ∈ ½0, 1 ∪ ð2, 3, [5] X. Fu and K. Ezzinbi, “Existence of solutions for neutral func-
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tional differential evolution equations with nonlocal condi-
z ð1− , xÞ tions,” Nonlinear Analysis, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 215–227, 2003.
g1 ðt, z ð1− , xÞÞ = ;  t ∈ ð1, 2, x ∈ ½0, π,
ð3e4 Þð1+∥z ð1− , xÞ∥ 2Þ [6] S. Abbas, A. Arara, and M. Benchohra, “Global convergence of
successive approximations for abstract semilinear differential
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ðπ
e−y [7] S. Baghli and M. Benchohra, “Global uniqueness results for
g ðz Þ = K ðx, yÞ dy, ð61Þ partial functional and neutral functional evolution equations
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with π0 π0 K 2 ðx, yÞdxdy<∞.
[8] A. Baliki and M. Benchohra, “Global existence and asymptotic
Again, as the above example, simple computations show behaviour for functional evolution equations,” The Journal of
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There is no data used in this work. 2015.
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Conflicts of Interest existence of mild solutions for nonlocal impulsive integro-
differential equations in Banach spaces,” Le Matematiche,
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
vol. LXXIV, no. 1, pp. 13–34, 2019.
[11] Y. Lin and J. H. Liu, “Semilinear integrodifferential equations
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