Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Per Heiselberg
Department of Civil Engineering
Aalborg University
IEA Conference
The World and Denmark on the Road Towards CO2 Neutral Buildings
Conpenhagen, June 16, 2010
Scope
Examples
Technological approach Architectural approach
Hi-efficient HVAC
Super-insulated &
Air tight
Commertzbank, Frankfurt
1992
Energy efficient?
Fundamental principles
Building construction elements which are actively used for transfer and
storage of heat, light, water and air.
In the design philosophy of the integrated building concepts, RBEs are
logically and rationally combined and integrated with building service
functions such as heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting.
RBEs are, thus, building components that assist to maintain an
appropriate balance between
optimum interior conditions and
energy performance by reacting
in a controlled and holistic manner
to outdoor and indoor environment
changes and to occupants requirement
Principles
Solar
Embedded space
duct Active
piles
Cavity ventilation
From presentation by Ad van der Aa
WelWonen -Better Living
concept
Combination of climate-floor,
energy-pile and energyroof
Responsive Building Elements Studied in Annex 44
From Component to Concept
Level
Energy Use
2006 2015
Design Strategy and Technical Solutions
Reduce Demand
Optimize form and zoning, insulation, air tightness, heat recovery, efficient
electric lighting and equipment, low pressure drops, etc
Apply Responsive Building Elements
Utilize renewable energy sources
Provide optimal use of passive RES: solar heating, dayligthing,
natural ventilation, night cooling, earth coupling
Apply active renewable energy sources
Optimise the use by application of
low exergy systems.
Efficient use of fossil fuels
Use least polluting fossil fuels in
an efficient way,
Provide intelligent
demand control of systems
Design steps
Heating Cooling Lighting Ventilation
Step 1 Conservation Heat Avoidance Daylighting Source Control
Basic Design 1. Surface to volume ratio 1. Reduction of internal heat 1. Room height and shape 1. Surface material emission
2. Zoning gains 2. Zoning 2. Zoning
3. Insulation 2. Reduction of external 3. Orientation 3. Local exhaust
4. Infiltration heat gains 4. Location of air intake
4. Thermal mass
Step 2 Passive Heating Passive Cooling Daylight Optimization Natural Ventilation
Climatic Design 1. Direct solar heat gain 1. Free cooling 1. Windows (type and 1. Windows and openings
2. Thermal storage wall 2. Night cooling location) 2. Atria, stacks
3. Sunspace 3. Earth cooling 2. Glazing 3. Air distribution
3. Skylights 4. Ventilation control
4. Light shelves
Step 3 Application of Responsive Application of Responsive Daylight Responsive Hybrid Ventilation
Building Elements Building Elements Lighting Systems
Integrated System 1. Intelligent facade 1. Intelligent facade 1. Intelligent façade 1. Building integrated ducts
Design 2.Thermal mass activation 2.Thermal mass activation 2. Interior finishes 2. Overflow between rooms
3. Earth coupling 3. Earth coupling 3. Daylight control strategy 3. Control strategy
4. Control strategy 4. Control strategy 4. … 4. …
Step 4 Low Temperature Heating High Temperature Cooling High Efficiency Artificial Low Pressure Mechanical
System System Light Ventilation
Design of Low 1. Application of renewable 1. Application of renewable 1. LED 1. Efficient air distribution
energy energy 2. … 2. Low pressure ductwork,
Exergy Mechanical filtration and heat recovery
2. Floor/wall heating 2. Floor/wall cooling
Systems 3. … 3. … 3. Low pressure fan
4. …
Step 5 Heating System Cooling System Artificial Lighting Mechanical Ventilation
Design of 1. Radiators 1. Cooled ceiling 1. Lamps 1. Efficient air distribution
2. Radiant panels 2. Cold air system 2. Fixtures 2. Mech. exhaust
Conventional 3. Warm air system 3. Lighting control 3. Mech. ventilation
Mechanical Systems
Integrated
Design process What
Where
Step 1 + 2 • integral
• creative
Preliminary design • achievable
Step 3 + 4 + 5
• realizable
• feasable
Final design • coordinated
Step 6
• univocal
• detailed
Detailing phase • makable
Christophorus Haus, Østrig
ECBCS Website:
www.ecbcs.org
Annex 44 Website:
www.civil.aau.dk/Annex44