ETHICS

INTRODUCTION

BASIC CONCEPTS

⇒ Difference between moral and non-moral standards

⇒ What are moral dilemmas? Example of dilemmas
⇒ Three levels of moral dilemmas (individual, organizational, systemic)
⇒ Freedom as foundation of ethics
PART I
⇒ What is culture? How does it define moral behavior?
⇒ Cultural Relativism: definition, advantages of recognizing the differences, and
the dangers of the position (Why can’t all cultural practices be always correct?)
⇒ The Filipino Way (Strength and weaknesses of the Filipino moral character)
⇒ Universal Values (Why there are universal values?)
⇒ How is moral character developed? (Moral character as disposition; how is it
developed?)
⇒ Stages of moral development (The six stages of moral development)
⇒ Reason and impartiality as requirements for ethics (What is reason? What is
impartiality?)
PART II
⇒ Feelings – importance, origin, and disadvantages
⇒ The ethical requirement of reason and impartiality
⇒ The 7-step moral reasoning model
⇒ The difference between Reason and will
⇒ Moral theories and mental frames and why are they important (Moral theories
as frames of moral experiences)
PART III
⇒ Aristotle (a. Telos, b. Virtue as habit, c. Happiness as virtue)
⇒ St. Tomas: Natural Law (a. The natural and its tenets, b. Happiness as
constitutive of moral and cardinal virtues)
⇒ Kant and right theorists
 Kant:
a. Good will
b. Categorical imperative
Different kinds of rights:
a. Legal
b. Moral
⇒ What is Legal is not always Moral
⇒ Utilitarianism
1. Origins and nature of theory
2. Business’s fascination with utilitarianism)
⇒ Justice and Fairness: Promoting the Common Good
1. Nature of the theory
2. Distributive justice
a. Egalitarian
b. Capitalist
c. Socialist
CONCLUSION
⇒ Globalization and its ethical challenges (the Moral Challenges of Globalization)
⇒ Millennials and Filinnials: Ethical challenges and responses
⇒ The religious response: The role of religion in ethics