Case Study No.

9-Philippines’
Integrated Stormwater
Management
Adamson University
CE 428 – Water Resources Management

Presented by: Presented to:

De Jesus, Bryan Joshua Dr. Tomas U. Ganiron Jr
Talla, Jose Alberto
Tangente, Reanne
 What is Stormwater?
• Stormwater is water from a storm. Any precipitation that falls from
the sky, including rain, hail, and snow, is considered stormwater.
• In general, there are two fates for falling stormwater. In a natural
landscape without development, stormwater is absorbed into the
ground or falls into bodies of water. This gives needed water to
plants and animals and replenishes reserves of surface and
groundwater. In contrast, in an urban landscape, stormwater falls
onto impervious surfaces (surfaces that do not absorb water) such
as roads, sidewalks, rooftops, or parking lots and is not soaked up
by the ground. As a result, the falling water is swept across these
surfaces as runoff.
What is Stormwater?
• Stormwater runoff plays a large role in local water pollution. As the runoff
flows across the ground, it picks up pollutants and carries them into local
waterways, such as rivers, lakes, and streams, before eventually making its
way into the ocean. In a natural system, a variety of plants act as filters
that clean pollution from the water as it percolates into the ground.
Without these natural filters, pollutants and other debris accumulate and
are washed into bodies of water.
• In addition to transporting pollutants, runoff can also cause erosion and
sedimentation by sweeping away and displacing soil. It can also cause
localized flooding when storm drains take on too much water at once.
What is Stormwater Harvesting?
• Stormwater Harvesting is the collection,
accumulation, treatment or purification, and storing
of stormwater for its eventual reuse. It differs from
rainwater harvesting as the runoff is collected from
drains or creeks, rather than roofs. It can also include
other catchment areas from man made surfaces,
such as roads, or other urban environments such as
parks, gardens and playing fields.
How does it work?
1. Collection
Stormwater collection is a process of directing water into a storage from
stormwater gathering, such as urban runoff. Generally, there are two types,
online storages and offline storages. Online storages are a conventional way
of acquiring stormwater directly from waterways or drains. For instance, the
urban drainage system of channels and pipes conduct stormwater into
storages. One inconvenient part of the drainage system is to keep
maintenance in case that conduits break and stormwater leaks away. Based
on online storages, another drainage system called WSUD is featured. Offline
storages require additional facilities to conduct water from waterways
indirectly For instance, weirs divert low flows into the stormwater container
and contribute to a large part of stormwater catchment for a city.
2. Treatment
Stormwater treatment is what mostly hinders the progress of
stormwater catchment. Water treatment process depends on the
intended end use and the catchment equipment, which decides the
level of and size of the pollutants to be filtered and removed.
Generally, the steps applied for different end uses vary. For instance, as
construction uses may not require high-quality water. The water
recycling includes only filtration and disinfection. However, for potable
uses of higher water quality, the treatment process requires screening,
coagulation, filtration, carbon adsorption, and disinfection.
3. Storage
There are three factors to consider in terms of storage: function, location and
capacity. For function, the planner is responsible for deciding the purpose of
the stored stormwater, such as fire fighting, industrial water supplies, farming
and irrigation, recreational amenity and flood mitigation. For location, to
establish a water tank or an injection system to aquifers above or below the
ground should be considered. Besides, choices between online and offline
storages can affect the surrounding natural aquatic system and yields
different maintenance costs and flood mitigation effeteness. The capacity of a
storage relies on the demand of the end use in a particular climate or period.
4. Distribution
Generally, there are two types of stormwater distribution
systems. The first one is open space irrigation systems. The other
one is non-potable distribution systems. Some key points are
underscored in terms of designing an appropriate distribution
system: "Consideration of customer requirements; Adjusting
design criteria; Selecting design peak factors; Methods for peak
leveling; Controlling distribution non-potable water;
Minimization of bacterial and algal build up; Corrosion risk and
so forth"
Stormwater Practices
Effective stormwater practices are integrated into the urban
landscape to improve their function and performance. Twelve
principles that help define the successful integration of a
stormwater practice in the landscape include.
Twelve Principles
1. Provides Reliable Pollutant Removal Performance.
-The practice should be sized so that it captures sufficient volume of runoff
and employs a sequence of pollutant removal mechanisms via a treatment train
approach to maximize the removal of key pollutants of concern.

2. Mimics Pre-development Hydrology.

-The practice should operate in a manner so as to replicate pre-development
hydrology for a range of storm events such that it safely recharges groundwater,
protects downstream channels and reduces off-site flood damage.
Twelve Principles
3. Integrates the Practice into Overall Site Design.
- The overall design of the site should support the function and
performance of the practice, by minimizing or disconnecting impervious
cover, implementing source controls, and utilizing better site design practices
that reduce the quantity and adverse quality effects of runoff generated by
the site.

4. Has a Sustainable Maintenance Burden

- Both routine and long–term maintenance tasks should be carefully
considered throughout the design process to reduce life cycle maintenance
costs and promote longevity of the practice.
Twelve Principles
5. Is Accepted by the Public
- The practice should be viewed as an attractive community
amenity by adjacent residents or business owners, as measured by
interviews, surveys, testimonials, increased property values and other
yardsticks.

6. Creates Attractive Landscape Features.

- The practice should be an integrated practice designed to be
highly visible within the site and serve as an attractive and inviting
landscape feature.
Twelve Principles
7. Confers Multiple Community Benefits.
- An integrated practice should also contribute to other community
benefits such as promoting neighborhood revitalization, expanding
recreational opportunities, and educating residents about stormwater.

8. Creatively Uses Vegetation.

- An integrated practice not only greens up the site, but also uses
vegetation to effectively promote cooling, shading, screening, habitat and
enhanced pollutant removal functions. The design should also explicitly
consider how vegetation will be managed over time to maintain functions and
minimize maintenance costs.
Twelve Principles
9. Provides a Model for Future Improvement.
- An integrated practice is inspected, evaluated, or monitored
so that lessons can be learned to improve the performance and
integrate future designs.

10. Realizes Additional Environmental Benefits.

- The design of an integrated practice maximizes other
environmental benefits at the site, such as the creation of aquatic or
terrestrial habitat, protection of existing natural areas, reduction of
urban heat island effects and other urban amenities.
Twelve Principles
11. Reduces Infrastructure Costs.
- An integrated practice reduces the amount of paving,
curbs, storm drain pipes and other infrastructure that would
have otherwise been employed in a traditional stormwater
practice design within the community.

12. Acceptable Life Cycle Costs.

- An integrated practice will not result in high life cycle
costs over its useful life.
EFFECTS OF POOR STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT
• DOWMSTREAM FLOODING
• STREAM BANK EROSION
• INCREASED TURBIDITY FROM EROSION
• HABITAT DESTRUCTION
• COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS
• INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
• CONTAMINATED STREAMS, RIVERS, AND COASTAL WATER
TWO MAIN ISSUES OF STORMWATER:
1. RELATED TO THE VOLUMES AND TIMING OF RUNOFF
WATER (FLOOD CONTROL AND WATER SUPPLIES)
2. RELATED TO POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS THAT THE
WATER IS CARRYING
ADVANTAGES
➢ Provides proper drainage of surface run-off and avoids damages on
infrastructure such as private properties and streets.
➢ Provides possibility to recharge groundwater and reuse
precipitation water and surface run-off as irrigation or household
water.
➢ Minimizing health risks.
➢ Provides effective stormwater flood control.
➢ Can be integrated into urban landscape and provide green and
recreational areas.
DISADVANTAGES
➢ Expert planning, implementation, operation and
maintenance required for a stormwater management.
➢ It depends on the technique, a lot of operation and labor
required.
➢ There is risk of clogging infiltration system caused by high
sedimentation rates.
➢ Temporary covering methods, such as plastic sheeting,
can become torn or ripped, exposing the contaminant to
precipitation and/or storm water run-off.
Water Management Challenges in
the Philippines.
1. Fragmentation of water agencies (more than 30 agencies)
2. Lack of science-based data and information for effective planning and decision
making
3. Depletion of water availability and quality
4. Rapid urbanization and industrialization
5. Indiscriminate land use and development
6. Increasing volume of solid wastes, pollutants and hazardous wastes
7. Unabated extraction of groundwater
8. Inadequate Sewerage and Sanitation facilities
9. Watershed degradation
10. Inadequate water infrastructure facilities
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• There is no National Policy on Stormwater Management in the Philippines.
However, large corporations and industries have implemented rainwater and
stormwater harvesting systems to augment their water supply. The eco-efficient
management of their water supply is in line with the companies ISO14001
Environmental Management System which most of them want to achieve as part
of their corporate social responsibility.
• There is a pilot stormwater and wastewater management project that is being
implemented in Cebu. The project aims to strengthen the capabilities of local
government officials or the integrated planning and management of rainwater and
stormwater recycling and to establish a model for integrated rainwater and
stormwater recycling in selected building so as to demonstrate the eco-efficient
approaches for water infrastructure. The project aims to promotes awareness and
advocacy on eco-efficient water infrastructure development in the Philippines.
REFERENCES:
▪ https://aseaniwrm.water.gov.my/iwrm-in-philippines/
▪ https://www.integratedstormwater.eu/toolbox/ism/strategic-approach?fbclid=IwAR1tcJyjIv-
b4WfdfOUrcok2jYFjOPz3hZ-DL0kQMtGO8aFXR5ABGHXtFzA
▪ https://www.slideshare.net/Doreen118/stormwater-management-ppt-
55638544?fbclid=IwAR2eFfjIxaOP0ab87x08fOYSeeBQuJjCwM0l00q_eqVMLIxUYmkLW8ItekY
▪ http://www.greenvillesoilandwater.com/what-is-stormwater/
▪ https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Integrated_stormwater_management?fbclid=I
wAR1ZJywPfC-nw3ybqFreK-ac0YCB8g2lyXK8hDN-HlQrOASOh4DL42ISlzk
▪ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater_harvesting?fbclid=IwAR0ymPGC7ZwZet0I82c0Wse
3QfxPj1rdcE458kAO992PL2yyFFplvUUcLz0