CLASS

VIII
Concepts to be covered in this session-
• Recap Natural Numbers, Whole Numbers and
Integers
• Define Rational Numbers, Standard Form and
Absolute Value of Rational Numbers
• Properties of Rational Numbers-
❑ Closure Property
❑ Associative Property
❑ Commutative Property
❑ Additive Identity
❑ Multiplicative Identity
❑ Reciprocal
❑ Additive Inverse
 RECAP
• ____________ are the numbers used for
counting and ordering.
• The smallest natural number is ________.
• The set of numbers starting from 0,1,2…..
and so on are called the ___________.
• The smallest whole number is __________.
• All natural numbers along with 0 form a
group of numbers called _____________.
• __________ includes positive and negative
natural numbers along with zero.
 Answers
• Natural Numbers
• 1
• Whole Numbers
• 0
• Whole Numbers
• Integers
The Number Family

INTEGERS …-2,-1,0,1,2….

WHOLE NUMBERS
0,1,2,3……

NATURAL
NUMBERS
1,2,3….
Number Set Symbols
N – Natural/Counting Numbers
W – Whole Numbers
Z – Integers
Q – Rational Numbers
RATIONAL NUMBERS- 2, 0.4, -7/3

INTEGERS …-2,-1,0,1,2….

WHOLE NUMBERS
0,1,2,3……

NATURAL
NUMBERS
1,2,3….
1
= 0.333
3
HOTS
❖A fraction is always a rational number
whereas a rational number may or may not
be a fraction.
❖
−2 2
or are not fractions
3 −3
Why?
Fractions are part of a whole. They are of the
form a/b, where a and b belong to Whole
Numbers.
 ABSOLUTE VALUE OF A RATIONAL NUMBER
❖Absolute value of a rational number is its
numerical value with no regards to its sign.

❖ 3 3
= ,
7 7
❖
3 3
− =
7 7
 STANDARD FORM
• A rational number pis said to be in
standard form if q
(i) The denominator q is positive
(ii) p and q have no common factor other than
1 i.e. they are co-primes.
12 2
=
−18 −3
To write in standard form we make
denominator as positive.
2  ( −1) −2
=
−3  ( −1) 3
 Properties of Rational Numbers
•
Closure Property
Commutative Property
Associative Property
Associative Property for Multiplication and
Division
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF
MULTIPLICATION OVER ADDITION

p r u  p r  p u
 +  =    +   
q s v q s q v
Additive inverse
 Additive Identity
• Additive Identity is that number when
added to a rational number, the sum is the
rational number itself.
• p/q + 0= 0 + p/q = p/q
 Multiplicative inverse

• If p/q is a rational number then there exist a

number q/p such that
• p/q x q/p = 1
• p/q is called the multiplicative inverse or
reciprocal of p/q.

• Which number does not have a reciprocal?

0
•
p  p  p
  1  = =  1 
q  q  q

Where 1 is called the multiplicative identity .

p q  q p
•   =1=   
 q p p q
q
where is the multiplicative inverse
p
p
(or reciprocal) of
q
 For for queries online
Contact:Anjna goswami
8057660066