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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

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RESULTS & ANALYSIS

A B C
SAMPLE
(Sungai Derhaka) (Kg. Pertama Drain) (UiTM sewage)
Weight of empty crucible
+ empty filter, 1747 1690 1740
W1 (mg)
Weight of crucible + filter
+ suspended solid, 1830 1789 1798
W2 (mg)
Weight of crucible + filter
+ volatile suspended solid, 1828 1788 1797
W3 (mg)
Volume of water sample,
195 200 180
V (mL)
Concentration of Total
Suspended Solid, 425.64 495.00 322.22
TSS (mg/L)
Concentration of Volatile
Suspended Solid, 415.38 490.00 316.67
VSS (mg/L)

Based on standard from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia, all the sample can be
classified into few Water Quality Index Classification as below:

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CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT I II III IV V
Total
Suspended mg/L < 25 25 – 50 50 – 150 150 – 300 > 300
Solid, TSS
DOE Water Quality Index Classification

Sample Total Suspended Solid, TSS Class

(mg/L)
A
425.64 V
(Sungai Derhaka)
B
495.00 V
(Kampung Pertama drain)
C
322.22 V
(UiTM STP)

Sample Calculation:

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W 2−W 1
Total Suspended Solid ,TSS= x 100 0
V

1830−1747
¿ x 1000
195

¿ 425.64 mg/L( sungai derhaka)

W 3 −W 1
Volatile Suspended Solid , VSS= x 10 0 0
V

1828−1747
¿ x 1000
195

¿ 415.38 mg/ L( sungaiderhaka)

1. Based on standard from Department of Environment (DOE)

DISCUSSION

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Malaysia Water Quality Index Classification all the sample

are classified into class V. This class of water can be
classified as polluted water as the number solid particles
remain in the sample was quite high. Furthermore, all the
sample was taken at the open space area and dirty as people
keep throwing dirt into the drain and river plus microorganism
growth in that place such as algae. Sewage was already known
with the dirtiness of water as it come from dirty place.

2. Volatile Suspended Solids, VSS provides a measure of a water

to consume oxygen. Suspended solids in a body of water are
often due to natural causes. VSS give great impact in our
water bodies. The higher the values of VSS, the more polluted
the water bodies. This is because, the higher the VSS means,
the higher the value of organic particle in the water.

3. From the results calculated, the value for volatile suspended

solid (VSS) at Kampung Pertama (490.00 mg/L) was higher
than Sungai Derhaka (415.38 mg/L) while UiTM sewage
treatment plant (316.67 mg/L) show the lowest values. We
can say that Kampung Pertama drain was very dirty and it is
full with suspended solid such as dry leaves, twig, pieces snail
shells, animal waste, algae, plastic, straw and many others.
Plus, the area where the sample was taken is nearly to the
place where construction work is occurring. So, the
construction material and waste may flow into the drain and
increase the rate of suspended solids in the sample.

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4. For Sungai Derhaka sample, the value of volatile suspended

solid was not high as the Kampung Pertama drain. This is
because the sample was taken at the surface of the river. This
may cause only a few percent of the suspended solid enter the
bottle of the sample. Suspended solid found in this sample
basically organic matter such as dry leaves, twig, and tiny soil
particles.

5. UiTM STP show the smallest values of suspended solid

because the water sample taken was currently have undergoes
some treatment process. The biggest particle of the suspended
solid such as leaves and twigs may have been removed by the
screening process used to prevent the entrance of the
suspended solid. But the fine size particle still available such
as fine soil particle in the water sample in the high values as
the volume of the water sample used for the test is the lowest.

As the conclusion, the objective of the laboratory activity to

CONCLUSION
determine the concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in
the water sample was achieved. The VSS for the sample A
(Sungai Derhaka) is 415.38 mg/L, sample B (Kampung Pertama
drain) is 490.00 mg/L and sample C (UiTM sewage) is 316.67
mg/L.

Based on standard from Department of Environment (DOE)

Malaysia Water Quality Index Classification all the sample are
classified into Class V which can be considered as polluted.

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