INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

‫م وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا و‬ ‫ا‬

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

Lecture ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT
303421: Foundation Engineering
7
Strap Footing

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi

 References
ACI 318M-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete ( ACI 318M -14) and Commentary, American
Concrete Institute, ISBN 978-0-87031-283-0.
Bowles , J.,E.,(1996) “Foundation Analysis and Design” -5th
ed. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-912247-7.
Das, B., M. (2012), “ Principles of Foundation Engineering ”
Eighth Edition, CENGAGE Learning,
ISBN-13: 978-1-305-08155-0.
Syrian Arab Code for Construction 2012

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 2

 Cantilever or Strap Footings.
A strap footing is used to connect an eccentrically
loaded column footing to an interior column. The
strap is used to transmit the moment caused from
an eccentricity to the interior column footing so that
a uniform soil pressure is generated beneath both
footings. The strap footing may be used instead of a
rectangular or trapezoidal combined footing if the
distance between columns is large and / or the
allowable soil pressure is relatively large so that
the additional footing area is not needed.
Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 3
 Cantilever or Strap Footings.
N1

Interior
column
N2

Exterior
column

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 Cantilever or Strap Footings.
This is a special type of footing used for two columns.
The two columns are provided by two separate footings
connected by a rigid beam called “strap beam”.
N1 S N2
Exterior Strap beam Interior
footing footing

Property
line
B1
Strap Beam B2

L1 L2
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 Three basic considerations for strap footing design
are these:

1. Strap must be rigid—perhaps Istrap/Ifooting > 2.

This rigidity is necessary to control rotation of the
exterior footing.
2. Footings should be proportioned for approximately
equal soil pressures and avoidance of large differences in
B to reduce differential settlement.
3. Strap should be out of contact with soil so that there are
no soil reactions

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 6

 Cantilever or Strap Footings.

It is common to neglect the strap weight in the design.

The strap should be adequately attached to the both
the column and the footing by the use of dowels such
that the footing and the strap act as unit.
The footing is subjected to one-way bending.
The strap beam is reinforced with main reinforcement
at top between the columns and at bottom under the
interior footing.

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 7

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
1- Proportion footing dimensions.
Sum moments about the center of the interior column
and obtain the soil reaction beneath the exterior footing.
=0 − − = 0 (1)

Sum moments about the center of the exterior footing

and obtain the soil reaction beneath the other footing.
=0 − − − − = 0 (2)

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 8

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
1- Proportion footing dimensions.
=0 + − − = 0 (3)

To solve these three equations assume a value of

eccentricity, e. Find , and check equation (3).

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 9

 Design of Strap Footings.
N1 N2

e R1 R2
S

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 10

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
1- Proportion footing dimensions.
Find the required area for each footing :
!" (1) =2 + !# =
2 ∗ %& ('())

!" (2) * = * = * = ∗
%& ('())

If B is too large or too small compared to L can be

repeated until satisfactory dimensions are obtained. B1
should not be greater than 1.5 L1
Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 11
 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
2- Evaluate factored net soil pressure under the footings.
=0 + − −, =0

+ =0 , − − + − −, =0 U2
U1

+ +
Ru1 %+ = * %+ =
* Ru2
Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 12
 Design of Strap Footings.
Summary of strap footing design is shown in the following steps.
3- Draw shear and moment diagrams.( L- direction )
U1 S U2

%+ ∗ %+ ∗

S.F.D

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 13

 Design of Strap Footings.
Summary of strap footing design is shown in the following steps.
U1 S U2

%+ ∗ %+ ∗

+-&. +/

B.M.D
Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 14
 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
4- Find depth of concrete.
Estimate effective depth, d, for footing (1) by 3-way
punching shear under column (1) and for footing (2)
by 4-way punching shear under column (2)
Design footing depth, d, for the worst case of two-
way action and wide-beam shear, obtain wide-beam
shear from shear force diagram.

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 15

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.

5- Design footing reinforcement as a spread footing for

both direction

a- Reinforcement in L- direction

Select the moments ( refer to moment diagram ) and

estimate the required reinforcement .

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 16

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.

5- Design footing reinforcement as a spread footing for

both direction
a- Reinforcement in B- direction
− %+ ∗
For footing (1) : = + =
2 2
− %+ ∗
For footing (2) : = + =
2 2

Check the reinforcement and select bars.

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 17

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.

6- Design strap as beam but check if it is a deep beam

a) Depth of strap beam

The shear is constant in strap beam. Assume that the width
of the strap, b (with the smallest of column 1 and 2 )
0+1)2&3
# =
4

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 18

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.

6- Design strap as beam but check if it is a deep beam

b) Reinforcement of strap beam

Select the appropriate moment 56 . Using moment, d,
and strength of materials and estimate the reinforcement *6

*6 = the total reinforcement in strap beam

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 19

 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
5- Design footing reinforcement as a spread footing for
both direction
c) Development of positive moment reinforcement at
simple supports and at points of inflection.

Positive moment tension reinforcement shall be limited to a

diameter such that ld computed for 78 by equation :
'
+ 9& ≥ ;
0+
Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 20
 Design of Strap Footings.

Summary of strap footing design is shown in the

following steps.
'
+ 9& ≥ ;
Where : 0+

! is nominal moment strength assuming all reinforcement

at the section to be stressed to the specified yield strength.
0+ is factored shear force at the section.
& is embedded length of bar past point of zero moment but
not exceed the greater of (d) or ( 12 db).
An increase of 30% in the value of 0 ! shall be permitted
5
when the ends of reinforcement are confined a comp. reaction.
Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 21
 Design of Strap Footings.
Example
Design a strap footing to support two columns, shown in
Figure below, spaced at a distance of 6.0 m center-to-center.
Column A is 300 mm × 400 mm and carries a dead load of
500 kN and a live load of 300 kN. Column B is also 300
mm × 500 mm in cross section and carries a dead load of
700 kN and a live load of 500 kN.
Use 7> ? = 20 = 78 = 400 = and %& '() = 140 @=

Property
line
6.0 m

Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 22