Muscles of the Scalp

Frontal belly of
occipitofrontalis/
Frontalis
Galea aponeurotica

Occipital belly of
occipitofrontalis/
Occipitalis

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action

Occipitofrontalis

Occipital belly Highest nuchal line Epicranial Facial nerve Moves scalp on
of occipital bone aponeurosis skull and raises
eyebrows
Frontal belly Skin and
superficial fascia
of eyebrows
 Sensory Nerve Supply of the Scalp

Supratrochlear nerve

Supraorbital nerve

In front of ear
Zygomaticotemporal nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve

Lesser occipital nerve

Behind the ear

Greater occipital nerve

Nerve Origin Termination

Supratrochlear nerve Ophthalmic division of the Scalp

Supraorbital nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve
Maxillary division of the
trigeminal nerve
Mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve
cervical plexus (C2)
Posterior ramus of the 2nd
cervical nerve
Scalp as far as the vertex
Scalp over the temple
skin over the temporal region
Scalp over the lateral part of
the occipital region
skin as far forward the vertex of
the skull
 Arterial Supply of the Scalp

(In front of the ear)

Supratrochlear artery

Supraorbital artery
Superficial temporal
artery

(Behind the ear)

Posterior auricular artery

Occipital artery

Artery Origin Supply

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Ophthalmic artery

artery
Superficial temporal artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
External carotid artery
External carotid artery
External carotid artery
Skin over the frontal and
temporal regions
Scalp over the back of the
scalp
Scalp above and behind the
auricle
 Venous Drainage of the Scalp

Supratrochlear vein

Supraorbital vein

Superficial temporal vein

(In front of the ear)

(Behind the ear)

Posterior auricular vein

Occipital vein

1. Supratrochlear and Supraorbital vein - unite at the medial margin of the orbit to form the facial vein
2. Superficial temporal vein - unites with maxillary vein in the substance of parotid gland to form the
retromandibular vein
3. Posterior auricular vein - unites with posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form external
jugular vein
4. Occipital vein - drains into the sub-occipital venous plexus then joins the vertebral veins or the
internal jugular veins

 Sensory Supply of the Face

(Ophthalmic Nerve Branches)

Supraorbital nerve
Infratrochlear nerve

External nasal nerve

Infraorbital nerve

Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Maxillary nerve

Mandibular nerve

Nerve Supply

Supraorbital nerve Skin and conjunctiva on the central part of the upper eyelid
Infratrochlear nerve Skin and conjunctiva on the medial part of the upper eyelid
and the adjoining part of the side of the nose
External nasal nerve Skin on the side of the nose down as far as the tip

Infraorbital nerve Skin on the lower eyelid and cheek, the side of the nose, and
the upper lip
Trigeminal nerve The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve supply almost the
entire skin of face except an area over the angle of mandible
Mandibular nerve Skin of the lower lip and chin, small area of the cheek and
skin of the auricle, external auditory meatus, and skin of the
scalp above the auricle
Facial nerve Supplies the muscles of facial expression

Maxillary nerve Skin of the lower eyelid and cheek, the side of the nose and
the upper lip; skin over the prominence of the cheek and over
the temple
 Arterial Supply of the Face

Superficial temporal
artery

Maxillary artery

Facial artery

Artery Supply

Facial artery Skin of chin and lower lip, skin on the side and dorsum of
nose, scalp, and skin of the forehead
Superficial temporal artery Skin over the upper and lateral parts of the scalp

Maxillary artery The dura, bone, and cranial cavity of the middle cranial fossa
 Venous Drainage of the Face

Facial vein

1. Facial vein - formed at the medial angle of the eye by the union of the supraorbital
and supratrochlear veins; connected to the superior ophthalmic vein directly through the
supraorbital vein

 Bones of the Face

Frontal bone

Nasal bone

Zygomatic bone

Maxilla

Mandible

1. Frontal bone - forms the superior orbital margins and the area above them which
contains the frontal air sinuses
2. Zygomatic bone - forms the lateral orbital margins and the inferior orbital margin
together with maxilla
3. Maxilla - forms the medial orbital margin and frontal process with the maxillary
process of the frontal bone
4. Nasal bones - forms the root of the nose, which articulate inferiorly with the maxilla
and superiorly with the frontal bones
5. Mandible - forms the lower jaw

 Muscles of Facial Expression

Frontalis

Procerus

Orbicularis oculi

Levator labi superioris

Nasalis
Zygomaticus major
Orbicularis oris
Risorus

Depressor anguli oris Mentalis

Muscle Expression Changes in skin of face

Frontalis and Procerus Surprise Transverse wrinkles of forehead and at

bridge of nose
Levator labi superioris Sorrow and grief Accentuation of nasolabial furrow with
and Zygomatics major elevation and eversion of upper lip
Risorius Grinning Retraction of angle of mouth

Depressor anguli oris Sadness Angle of mouth drawn downwards and

laterally
Zygomaticus major Laughing and smiling Angle of mouth drawn upwards and laterally

Mentalis Disdain/ doubt Puckering of skin over chin with protrusion of

lower lip
Nasalis Flaring of the nostrils Compress nasal cartilages

Orbicularis oris Kiss Pursing or puckering of the lips

Orbicularis oculi Blinking/ wink Closes the eyelid