PLATYSMA

: superfici*l muscle; * thin sheet of muscle fibers; it is very import3nt

bec3use it covers entirely the neck
: * qu*dril*ter*l sh*ped, stri*ted muscle in the *nterior *spect of the upper
p*rt of neck
: prim*rily m*de up of loose connective tissue, blood vessels, nerve *nd
lymph*tics
: m3in 3ction—> contr*ction th*t *ids the venous return
: (motor *ction) depresses the m*ndible *nd pulls the *ngle of mouth
downw*rds *nd l*ter*lly
: clinic3l import3nce: if youʼre h*ving * problem with pl*tysm* or the
pl*tysm* does not *ble to *id w/ venous return, there would be *ccumul*tion of
blood to the he*d *nd neck since thereʼs no venous return occur m*inly bec*use
of loss of *ction of the pl*tysm* th*t will le*d to condition or possible to c*use
edem3 of the he*d *nd neck

SENSORY SUPPLY OF THE NECK: c*me from the br*nches of br*chi*l plexus.
*gre3t 3uricul3r nerve gives cut*neous nerve supply to the *ngle of m*ndible

ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN

: superfici*l, but dr*ins eventu*lly to extern*l jugul*r vein

EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

: prim*rily the dr*in*ge ch*nnel of f*ce *nd sc*lp
: tribut*ries—> posterior div. of retrom3ndibul3r vein *nd post. 3uricul3r
vein

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

: dr*ins blood *nd CSF of dur*l venous sinuses
: IJV —> Common f*ci*l vein —> F*ci*l vein (F*ce)

*Golden Rule: the IJV (br3in) while EJV (f3ce 3nd sc3lp)

DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA (Deep f3sci3 of the neck) *bo3rd question

: ext to int.
: Investing l3yer (covers the entire neck, *nt. p*rt)
—> supr*stern*l sp*ce or sp*ce of Burnʼs
—> supr*cl*vicul*r sp*ce
: Pretr3che3l l3yer (*nt. to tr*che*; covers entirely the thyroid gl*nd)
—> blends with the f*sci* of sternocleidom*stoid muscle
: Prevertebr3l l3yer (*nt. to prevertebr*l muscles)
 —> run downw*rds from the b*se of the skull to T4 vertebr*
—> blends with the f*sci* of tr*pezius muscle

CAROTID SHEATH
: not * deep f*sci*; formed by the condens*tion of fibro-*reol*r tissue
: contents—> common c3rotid 3rtery, intern3l jugul3r vein, v3gus nerve

BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA
: deep f*sci* covering the sup. constrictor muscle of ph*rynx

RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE
: potenti*l sp*ce; very thin
: it *llows the ph*rynx to exp*nd during deglutition
: its *bsence will le*d to buccoph*rynge*l f*sci* being pushed forw*rd by
*bscess (3bscess of retroph3rynge3l sp3ce); difficulty of sw*llowing bec*use
of n*rrowing of oroph*rynx

*Side of the neck: *ppreci*te the presence of the tri*ngles; encomp*sses

the *nt. *nd l*t. surf*ces of the neck; it is rect*ngul*r in sh*pe

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

CAROTID TRIANGLE
: common c*rotid *rtery—> int. & ext. c*rotid *rtery
: intern*l jugul*r vein
: occipit*l vessels
: f*ci*l vessels
: lingu*l vessels
: ph*rynge*l vessels
: l*st 3 cr*ni*l nerves—> (10) v*gus, (11) spin*l *ccessory,(12) hypogloss*l
nerve
: symp*thetic ch*in—> cervic*l p*rt
: cervic*l p*rt of deep cervic*l lymph nodes
: provides * good view of *ll vessels *nd nerves present in it only when
sternocleidom*stoid is retr*cted b*ckw*rds

MUSCLES OF ANT. TRIANGLE

: Sternocleidom3stoid muscle—> when the neck is turned to one side, it
divides the neck into *nt. *nd post. tri*ngle; consist of two he*ds (stern*l *nd
cl*vicul*r he*d)
: Dig3stric muscle
: Stylohyoid muscle
: Mylohyoid muscle
 : Geniohyoid muscle
: Sternohyoid muscle
: Omohyoid muscle
: Sternothyroid muscle
: Thyrohyoid muscle

(S D S M G S O S T)
Some/Soulful Singers Sing The Song Of Gre*t Mighty Doctors

VESSELS OF ANT. TRIANGLE

: Common C3rotid Artery
—> chief *rtery supplying the he*d *nd neck (left & right)
*C3rotid sinus: dil*t*tion *t the termin*l end of the common c*rotid
*rtery or in the beginning of intern*l c*rotid *rtery; *ct *s b3roreceptor
(pressure receptor) *nd regul*tes the blood pressure
*clinic3l note—> hypovolemic shock where *s bp decre*ses
c*used by tr*um*tic injury or gunshot, the blood volume goes down together with
blood pressure which c*uses decre*se in pressure *t the c*rotid sinus. since the
c*rotid sinus is very sensitive b*roreceptor, this will give sign*l to the br*in *nd *s
the result, the br*in will *ctiv*te symp*thetic nerves such *s v*soconstriction.
this will counter-*ct the lowering of blood pressure
*C3rotid body: *ct *s * chemoreceptor; sensitive to the ch*nges in the
oxygen *nd c*rbon dioxide contents of the blood
*clinic3l note—> suffoc3tion (decre*se in oxygen *nd incre*se in
c*rbon dioxide) those ch*nges in oxygen *nd c*rbon dioxide level will stimul*te
the c*rotid body, the then br*in stimul*tes the symp*thetic nerve *nd *s * fin*l
result, the lungs will incre*se bre*thing r*te, dil*tion of bronchi (in order to
f*cilit*te the entry of oxygen to the lungs *nd eventu*lly to the body), he*rt will
incre*se c*rdi*c contr*ctility *nd he*rt r*te to offset the low oxygen

*Golden Rule: the Int. C*rotid Artery (br3in) while Ext. C*rotid Artery
(f3ce 3nd sc3lp)

: Extern3l C3rotid Artery (f*ce *nd sc*lp)

—> Medi*l *spect: Ascending ph*rynge*l *rtery
—> Anterior *spect: Superior thyroid, Lingu*l & F*ci*l Artery
—> Posterior *spect: Occipit*l & Post. Auricul*r *rtery
—> Termin*l br*nch: M*xill*ry & Superfici*l tempor*l *rtery
: Intern3l C3rotid Artery (skill *nd in the orbit)
—> Cervic*l p*rt: none
—> Petrous p*rt: c*rotico-tymp*nic br*nch, pterygoid br*nch
—> C*vernous p*rt: c*vernous br*nch, sup. & inf. hypophyse*l *rteries
—> Cerebr*l p*rt: ophth*lmic *rtery, *nt. choroid*l *rtery, post.
communic*ting *rtery, *nt. & middle cerebr*l *rtery

: Ascending Ph3rynge3l Artery

: Sup. Thyroid Artery—> in Thyroidectomy, to *void the injury to the nerve,
the *rtery should be lig*ted *s ne*r to the gl*nd *s possible
: Lingu3l Artery—> Hyoglossu ms. divides the lingu*l *rtery into 3 p*rts
: F3ci3l Artery
: Occipit3l Artery
: Post. Auricul3r Artery
: Superfici3l Tempor3l Artery
: Intern3l Jugul3r Vein
—> Sup. & Inf. bulb: first *nd second dil*tions

*ECA
(A S L F O P M S) Let Our Filipino People S*vor Adequ*te Monthly S*l*ry
*ICA
( C P C S I) Seek/Se*rch Indigenous Chin* Province Countries

ANSA CERVICALIS
: “U” sh*ped nerve loop present in the region of c*rotid tri*ngle
: supplies *ll the infr3hyoid muscle
: Superior root: formed by the descending br*nch of hypogloss*l nerve
c*rrying the fibers of spin*l nerve C1
: Inferior root: derived from C2 & C3 spin*l nerve

POST. TRIANGLE OF THE NECK

: Occipit3l tri3ngle: l*rger, upper p*rt
: Subcl3vi3n/supr3cl3vicul3r tri3ngle: sm*ller, lower p*rt

ACCESSORY NERVE (CN 11; Motor)

: Cr3ni3l root the fibers of this root *re distributed through v*gus *nd hence
it is termed *s being 3ccessory to v3gus
: Spin3l root h*s *n independent course *nd is sometimes reg*rded *s the
true 3ccessory nerve

CERVICAL PLEXUS
: supplies the skin *nd the muscles of neck; gives rise to the phrenic nerve w/
c supples the di*phr*gm

VESSELS OF POST. TRIANGLE

: Subcl3vi3n Artery
: Verterbr3l Artery
: Intern3l Thor3cic Artery
: Thyrocervic3l Trunk
: Costocervic3l Trunk
: Dors3l Sc3pul3r Artery
: Subcl3vi3n Vein