TEMPOROMANDIBULAR

JOINT

SUBMITTED BY:
IRYN A. LAGARTO
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. KATRINA ZARINA ROSLIN
 TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
It is a hinge that connects the jaw to
the temporal bones of the skull
which are in front of each ear. It
moves the jaw up and down and
side to side in order to talk, chew,
and yawn.

COMPONENTS
Mandibular Condyles
Joint Capsule
Articular Disc
Articular Surface of the Temporal Bone
Ligaments
 Temporomandibular Ligament
 Stylomandibular Ligament
 Sphenomandibular Ligament
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle.
 COMPONENTS

JOINT CAPSULE
It is a fibrous membrane that
surrounds the joint and attaches to
the articular eminence,
the articular disc and the neck of
the mandibular condyle.

ARTICULAR DISC
It is a fibrous extension of the
capsule that runs between the
two articular surfaces of
the temporomandibular joint and
acts as a buffer.
It is a thin, oval plate, which is
made from fibrous connective
tissue, non vascular, placed
between the condyle of the
mandible and the mandibular
fossa.
 MANDIBULAR CONDYLES
It forms articulation with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone,
which is called temporomandibular joint.
the human mandible and some other species' mandibles that ends in
a condyle, the mandibular condyle. It is thicker than the coronoid
process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and
the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.

ARTICULAR SURFACE OF
THE TEMPORAL BONE
The condyle of the mandible articulates with
the temporal bone in the mandibular fossa.
The mandibular fossa is a concave
depression in the squamous portion of the
temporal bone. These two bones are actually
separated by an articular disc, which divides
the joint into two distinct compartments.
The articular surface of the condyle is
covered by fibrous tissue, and interfaces with
an articular disk (or meniscus) of avascular,
non-innervated fibrous tissue (collagen,
fibroblasts).
 TEMPOROMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
LIGAMENTS
STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
It is a specialized band of the cervical fascia.
Although classed among the ligaments of the
temporomandibular joint, it can only be
considered as accessory to it.
Articulation of the mandible (medial aspect),
with the stylomandibular ligament labeled at
center left.
Along with the sphenomandibular ligament,
the stylomandibular ligament is responsible
for limiting mandibular movements (limits
excessive opening).The stylomandibular
ligament is a specialized band of the cervical
fascia. Although classed among the ligaments
of the temporomandibular joint, it can only be
considered as accessory to it.
The temporomandibular ligament (external
lateral ligament) consists of two short,
narrow fasciculi, one in front of the other,
attached, above, to the lateral surface of the
zygomatic arch and to the articular tubercle
on its lower border; below, to the lateral
surface and posterior border of the neck of
the mandible.
SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
The sphenomandibular ligament
(internal lateral ligament) is a flat, thin
band derived from Meckel's cartilage. It
is attached superiorly to the spina
angularis (spine) of the sphenoid bone,
and, becoming broader as it descends,
is fixed to the lingula of the mandibular
foramen.
The function of the sphenomandibular
ligament is to limit distension of the
mandible in an inferior direction. It is
slack when the TMJ is in closed
position. It is taut as the condyle of the
mandible is in front of the
temporomandibular ligament.
 LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE

It is a small, thick muscle located

on each side of the skull that
assists with mastication
(chewing). This muscle functions
to move the lower jaw forward,
down, and side-to-side, which are
all movements of the lower jaw
that assist in chewing food.

BLOOD SUPPLY
Branches of the superficial temporal
Deep auricular
Anterior tympanic
Ascending pharyngeal arteries
 All of which are branches of the External Carotid Artery.
 INNERVATION
Branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Masseteric nerve
Deep temporal branches
 These are the same nerves supplying the muscles of mastication
that function with this joint movement, and they help to ensure
coordination of function of the muscles and joint.

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
1. MEDIAL PTERYGOID Nerve supply: mandibular division of
Arises from the medial surface of the the trigeminal nerve.
lateral pterygoid plate and inserts on This muscle protracts and elevates the
the inferior surface of the ramus and mandible
on the angle of the mandible 2.
Blood supply: maxillary artery
1.
 2. LATERAL PTERYGOID
Has two heads, the upper arising from the greater wing of the sphenoid and the lower from the pterygoid plate.
They insert into the front of the neck of the condyle and the capsule.
Blood supply: maxillary artery
Nerve supply: pterygoid branch of the mandibular nerve
Both heads of this muscle protrude the mandible and pull the articular disk forward.

3. THE TEMPORALIS MUSCLE

Originate from the floor of the temporal fossa
and temporal fascia.
These muscle fibers insert on the anterior
border of the coronoid process and anterior
border of the ramus of the mandible.
Blood supply: superficial temporal and maxillary
arteries
Nerve supply: deep temporal branches of the
mandibular nerve.
The temporalis muscle elevates and retracts the
mandible and clenches the teeth.

4. THE MASSETER MUSCLE

Has a deep and superficial part.
The superficial fibers originate from the anterior
two thirds of the lower border of the zygomatic
arch, and the deep fibers originate from the
medial surface of the same arch.
The superficial fibers are at right angles to the
occlusal plane of the posterior teeth, and the
deep fibers are directed downward and slightly
anteriorly.
This muscle inserts into the lateral surface of
the coronoid process of the mandible, the
upper half of the ramus, and the angle of the
mandible.
BIOMECHANICS
JOINT SYSTEM
It surrounds the inferior synovial cavity,
condyle and the articular disc.
Since the disc is tightly bound to condyle
the only physiologic movement that can
occur between these surfaces is rotation
on the articular surface of condyle.
This joint system responsible for
rotational movement in TMJ.
Blood supply: superficial temporal and the
maxillary arteries
Nerve supply: mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve.
The masseter muscle elevates the jaw and
clenches the teeth.
SECOND SYSTEM
It is made up of the condyle disc complex
functioning against the surface of
mandibular fossa.
Since the disc is not tightly attached to the
mandibular fossa, free sliding movement
is possible between these surfaces in the
superior cavity