Basic Immunology

Alifia Putri Febriyanti,

M.Farm.Klin., Apt.
Immunology

Immunology is
the study of the immune system
which evolved primarily to
provide defence against infectious
disease caused by bacteria,
viruses, fungi and parasites.

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immune System

Immune System is
cells, tissues, and molecules that
mediate resistance to infections..

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immunity

Immunity is
resistance of a host to pathogens
and their toxic effects.

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immune Response

Immune Response is
collective and coordinated
response to the introduction of
foreign substances in an
individual mediated by the cells
and molecules of the immune system

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Defense Mechanism

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immune System

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immunity

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immunity

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Immunity

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Innate Immunity

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity

Klimov,V.V., 2019
The Differences
Antibody

Klimov,V.V., 2019
Vaccines

WHO, 2018
Vaccines

WHO, 2018
Vaccines
Vaccination is a simple,
safe, and effective way of
protecting people against
harmful diseases, before
they come into contact with
them. It uses your body’s
natural defenses to build
resistance to specific
infections and makes your
immune system stronger.
Vaccines train your immune
system to create antibodies,
just as it does when it’s
exposed to a disease. However,
because vaccines contain only
killed or weakened forms of
germs like viruses or bacteria,
they do not cause the disease
or put you at risk of its
complications.
Most vaccines are given by an
injection, but some are given
orally (by mouth) or sprayed
into the nose.
WHO, 2018
Vaccines

Vaccines protect
against many different
diseases, including:
Cervical cancer Pneumonia
Cholera Polio
Diphtheria Rabies
Hepatitis B Rotavirus
Influenza Rubella
Japanese encephalitis Tetanus
Measles Typhoid
Meningitis Varicella
Mumps Yellow fever
Pertussis

WHO, 2018
Vaccines

WHO, 2018
Vaccines

Plotkins, 2018
Vaccines

All the ingredients of a vaccine play an important role in ensuring a vaccine is safe
and effective. Some of these include:
The antigen. This is a killed or weakened form of a virus or bacteria, which trains our
bodies to recognize and fight the disease if we encounter it in the future.
Adjuvants, which help to boost our immune response. This means they help vaccines to
work better.
Preservatives, which ensure a vaccine stays effective.
Stabilisers, which protect the vaccine during storage and transportation.

Vaccine ingredients can look unfamiliar when they are listed on a label. However, many
of the components used in vaccines occur naturally in the body, in
the environment, and in the foods we eat. All of the ingredients in vaccines –
as well as the vaccines themselves - are thoroughly tested and monitored to ensure they
are safe.

WHO, 2018
Herd Immunity

WHO, 2018
Herd Immunity
Herd Immunity
Herd Immunity

Some people in the community rely on herd immunity

to protect them. These groups are particularly
vulnerable to disease, but often cannot safely receive
vaccines:
People without a fully-working immune system,
including those without a working spleen
People on chemotherapy treatment whose immune system
is weakened
People with HIV
Newborn babies who are too young to be vaccinated
Elderly people
Many of those who are very ill in hospital
Herd Immunity and Integration
Fasting & Immune System

Adawi, et al, 2017

Fasting & Immune System

Adawi, et al, 2017

References