A

Report on
Laboratory Training On
“HVAC Design and Analysis”
Jestha 20th -24th, 2075

Submitted to:

University Grants Commission (UGC)

Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

Submitted By:

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Pashchimanchal Campus, Institute of Engineering, TU,
Pokhara, Lamachaur
Asar, 2075
 Table of Contents

Particulars Page No
1. Introduction 3
2. Background 3
3. Training Objectives 4
4. Training Participants 4
5. Methodology 5
6. Training Proceedings 6-15
7. Achievement and Outcomes 15
8. Future Perspective and Challenges 16
9. Conclusion and Recommendations 17
10. Acknowledgement
11. Financial Report
12. Annex 1: Training Schedule
13. Annex 2: Details of Participants
14. Annex 3: Details of Training Resource Persons
15. Annex 4: Certificate Template
16. Annex 5: Remuneration Sheet
17. Annex 6: TDS Receipt
18. Annex 7: Bills
19. Annex 8: Photographs
20. Annex 9: Feedbacks
Slides of Presentation

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1. Introduction

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) is the technology of indoor and

vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable
indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of mechanical engineering, based
on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment
buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings
such as skyscrapers and hospitals, on ships and submarines, and in marine environments,
where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and
humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.The three central functions of heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning are interrelated, especially with the need to provide thermal comfort and
acceptable indoor air quality within reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs.
HVAC systems can be used in both domestic and commercial environments.

Different types of HVAC systems are available in the market nowadays aiming to provide
proper heating and cooling requirements.Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
equipment perform heating and/or cooling for residential, commercial or industrial buildings.
The HVAC system may also be responsible for providing fresh outdoor air to dilute interior
airborne contaminants such as odours from occupants, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s)
emitted from interior furnishings, chemicals used for cleaning, etc.

A properly designed system will provide a comfortable indoor environment year round when
properly maintained.An HVAC designer will recommend different types of air conditioning
systems for different applications. The choice of which air conditioner system to use depends
upon a number of factors including how large the area is to be cooled, the total heat generated
inside the enclosed area, etc. An HVAC designer would consider all the related parameters
and suggest the system most suitable for your space.

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2. Background

HVAC Design and Analysis is a faculty-centered training program organized by the

Department of Mechanical Engineering under the Laboratory training program supported by
the University Grants Commission. This is the training program on HVAC system design and
analysis which helps trainees to learn the fundamental principles of HVAC systems, HVAC
system design, including psychometrics, heat transfer, mechanical refrigeration and load
estimating process. After this training, individuals will be able to learn about the parameters
required for human comfort, know the procedural steps common to all HVAC systems, and
design the appropriate HVAC system for commercial and residential buildings.
Pashchimanchal Campus, Department of Mechanical Engineering has been producing
Mechanical Graduates since 2016. This HVAC design program will be very beneficial to all
the mechanical engineering students, teachers, and technicians to upgrade themselves in the
field of human comfort by learning principles, required design parameters and detail steps in
designing HVAC systems in commercial buildings. This program can also be beneficial to
civil engineers in appropriate design of comfort buildings.

As an engineering institute, Pashchimanchal Campus possesses ample human and technical

resource. Each member of this institute has an expertise on one field or another. However, it
is crucial for everyone to keep themselves updated about new technologies and better
solutions that it has to offer. HVAC Design and Analysis is one of such technical skill that
can add value to the knowledge of the faculty personnel in the field of human comfort,
appropriate AC design, estimating appropriate heating and cooling loads in certain spaces
that can be small rooms as well as large scales complexes and buildings. Hence, this program
supported by the University Grants Commission has proven to be fruitful to the faculty
members of Pashchimanchal Campus.

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3. Objectives

The general objective of the training program is to learn the fundamental concepts of HVAC
systems, different types of HVAC systems, know about human comfort and its importance in
the field of mechanical engineering. This training is organized to make participants able to
know which type of AC system should be installed in certain available spaces, calculate the
required heating or cooling loads.
Overall the training was based on learning approach and capacity development approach to
develop the skill of participants in ac design and learn about different parameters that affect
the heat transfer which should be considered in estimating loads
The specific objectives of the training were:
 To explain the parameters that must be controlled to achieve human comfort
 To explain the principles of heat transfer and their impact on heating and cooling load
estimates
 To use psychometrics to describe the air cycles
 To describe the procedural steps common to all HVAC systems
 To learn how to perform load calculations in Excel

4. Methodology

This training program uses a combination of classroom lecture, videos, site visit of
commercial buildings, demonstrations to present concept in simpler way. Each day training
will be carried out in two sessions. In the first session, theoretical concept of the program will
be delivered and will be of 2 hours and the second session will be followed by lunch will be
of 3 hours which will be focused on the practical application of the theory learned to know
about various parameters and requirements of HVAC design.

To better understand the concept of HVAC, different graphical methods such as

psychometric charts, p-h curves were taught to participants. Instruments like ammeter,
anemometer, IR Gun (Infrared Thermometer) were visually displaced with working
procedures. Air conditioning test rig was shown and different psychometric processes were
performed on it as a case study.

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5.Participants and Resource Person

There were 40 participants on the training program. Among them, most of them were
lecturers and teaching assistants from multidisciplinary engineering background. Also,
Instructors and college staffs actively participated in the training. Most of them were
associated to Mechanical engineering, few from Civil engineering, Electrical engineering,
Computer engineering and Geomatics engineering department. The details of the participants
were attached in Annex 2.
There were 3 training resource persons. All resource people are associated with Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Pashchimanchal Campus, IOE. The details of resource persons
were attached in Annex 3.

6.Proceedings
6.1 1st day of training/ Opening Session
The training program on “HVAC Design and Analysis” supported by University Grants
Commission commenced on June 3, 2018 in Multimedia Hall at Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Pashchimanchal Campus, Pokhara.
On the day of the inauguration, few venerated campus personnel were invited in order to
contribute formality to the program. Asst. Campus Chief of Pashchimanchal Campus Er.
Rajesh Bhattrai was invited as chief guest. Similarly, head of the administration, Mr. Khem
Pulami and head of the accounts section, Mr. Puspa Raj Poudel were invited as guests. Mr.
Prakash Poudel coordinated the program.

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At 1 pm, formal commencement of the program was performed in the auditorium of
Mechanical Engineering Department as per the Nepali culture; by lighting a wick. A
welcome speech was given by Er. Prakash Giri followed by the short speech given by chief
guest and program coordinator. Dr. Prabij Joshi highlighted various aspects of the training in
the program hosted by Deputy HoD of Department of Mechanical Engineering Er. Bijendra
Prajapati. After the speech, the invited personnel were thanked and with it, the formal
program had come to an end. Afterwards, the participants were provided with learning kit and
refreshment materials.
The first day of training was led by Er. Prakash Giri. Mr. Giri highlighted the need,
importance and application of HVAC systems and gave in depth knowledge about
psychometric charts and related principles. Dr. Prabij Joshi and Er. Prakash Poudel assisted
the classroom.

6.2 2nd day of training:

The second day of the training session started on June 4 at 1 pm. The participants were
revised about their first lectures and activities. Afterwards, Er. Prakash Poudel provided with
insights about HVAC systems, their types and working principles. Dr. Prabij Joshi and Er.
Prakash Giri assisted the classroom.

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The training included a short 15 min. refreshment break in the middle and ended at 7 pm.

6.3 3rd day of training:

The third day of training as usual started at 1:00 pm with revision of previous lectures and
study activities. Dr. Prabij Joshi led the class whereas Er. Prakash Poudel and Er. Prakash
Giri assisted the classroom.
Dr. Joshi discussed about load calculation techniques where he discussed about thumb rule
and also about developing software. The participants were provided with excel templates
where different data could be manipulated to give results about heating and cooling
requirements.

After refreshment lunch in the mid-part, the program was continued with tutorial sections,
where the instructors provided some tutorials to the participants. The participants were
required to calculate the heating and cooling requirements with the help of provided template.
Any participant that had trouble in doing so was approached by the instructor and assistants
and helped solve their problem. This course continued till 7 pm.

6.4 4th day of training

The fourth day of the training happened at June 6 at Department of Mechanical Engineering
at Pashchimanchal Campus. The program was targeted to provide practical insights to the
participants. The instructors conducted laboratory activities at “Air Conditioning Test
Rig”available at Department of Mechanical Engineering and visualized the participants with
various processes like heating, cooling, humidification, etc.

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The participants were very enthusiastic and energetic to know more about HVAC systems.
As usual, the program ended at 7pm and included a lunch in the middle.

7.Achievement and Outcomes

After the completion of the training program, trainees are now able to analyse required
parameters of human comfort, learn about psychometric charts, PH chart and able to use
these charts to find the data required for heating and cooling load estimation. This program
focused on capacity development of learners in the field of heating, ventilating and air
conditioning in commercial buildings and cold storages.

This training program is completed in a very fruitful way as it developed the skill of the
participants in the field of human comfort and different HVAC systems. Now the participants
can easily calculate the tonnes of required cooling effect in certain spaces which can be small
residential buildings to large commercial buildings and multiplexes. Participants learn about
the thumb rule that is used in the calculation of cooling load in contexts of Nepal which is
easy and extensively used.

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8. Future Perspective and Challenges
HVAC Design and Analysis can be very fruitful to the participants. In future, this program
can be extended to produce skilled manpower who can work in the field of HVAC design and
maintenance. It can be made more effective by incorporating respective hardware and
softwarefor design and analysis. More skilled and personnel with great experience in related
field from within country or abroad can be hired for knowledge transfer. Similar capacity
building programs in related fields can be done in the near future.
However, there are some challenges like the continuation of capacity development and
trainee working in similar fields. Budget always remain the weakest link so as to make the
program more effective. Conducting and managing every little aspects for successful
completion of the program is also a kind of challenge and one should be prepared to accept
them in the future.

9. Conclusion and Recommendations

The program was funded by UGC and conducted by Department of Mechanical Engineering
at IOE-Pashchimanchal Campus. There were around 40 participants and around 10
personalities of different areas involved in successful completion of the program. This
program has provided good insights about HVAC systems and their maintenance procedures.
This program was beneficial to impart knowledge related to design and analysis of the HVAC
systems.
These kinds of programs should be conducted in a chain so that the participants will be able
to fill every gap that comes along with newer technology and time. Such programs should
include assembly and dessembly of the hardware components to make this training even
more effective.

10. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the University Grants Commission for the
financial assistance without which the very purpose of this program wouldn’t have been
possible and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pashchimanchal Campus, IOE, TU for
unprecedented support to make this event successful.
On a more personal level I would like to thankEr. Ram Prasad Poudel, Campus Chief, Er.
Rajesh Bhattarai, Asst. Campus Chief, Pashchimanchal Campus for effortless support in all
stages of conducting this program.

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My humble gratitude goes to Assistant Prof. BijendraPrajapati, Deputy Head of Department,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering for his relentless help and support throughout the program.
My hearty appreciation goes to mechanical department Lecturer Er. PrakashGiri and
Er.Prabij Joshi to share their knowledge and help in every stage of the training program;
theirunparalled support made this event a great success.
My heartful thanks go to our support staffsMr.Ram Chandra Thapa, Mrs Nirmaya and
RanjitaDhakal and others who were related directly or indirectly attached to this program.
Lastly, I would like to express my indebted acknowledgement to my beloved parents,friends,
colleagues for their continuous support during all over the time to make this program
successful.

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