Marking Scheme

Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus)

This document was prepared for markers' reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers.
Candidatesand teachers who were not inyolved in the markingprocess are advised to interpret its contents with
care.

General Marking Instructions

1. It is very important that all markers should adhere as closely as possible to the marking scheme. In many
cases, however, candidateswill have obtained a correct answerby an alternative method not specified in the
marking scheme. In general, a correct answer merits all the marks allocated to that part, unless a particular
method has been specified in the question. Markers should be patient in marking alternative solutions not
specified in the marking scheme.

2. In the marking scheme, marks are classified into the followingthree categories:
'M' marks awarded for correct methods being used;
'A' marks awardedfor the accuracy of the answers;
Marks without 'M' or 'A' awardedfor correctly completing a proof or arriving
at an answergiven in a question.
In a question consistingof several parts each dependingon the previous parts, 'M' marks should be awarded
to steps or methods correctly deduced from previous answers,even if these answers are erroneous. However,
'A' marks for the correspondinganswers should NOT be awarded (unless otherwise specified).

3. For the convenienceof markers, the marking schemewas written as detailed as possible. However, it is still
, likely that candidates would not present their solution in the same explicit manner, e.g. some steps would
either be omitted or stated implicitly. In such cases, markers should exercise their discretion in marking
candidates' work. In general,marks for a certain step shouldbe awardedif candidates' solution indicated that
the relevant concept/techniquehad been used.

4. In marking candidates' work, the benefit of doubt should be given in the candidates' favour.

5. In the marking scheme, 'r.t.' stands for 'accepting answerswhich can be rounded off to' and 'f.t.' stands for
'follow through'. Steps which can be skipped are min whereas alternative answers are enclosed with
kectanglesl. All fractional answers must be simplified.

6. Unless otherwise specified in the question, numerical answers not given in exact values should not be
accepted.

63
 Solution Marks Remarks

I. (5 + x) 4
I I
= 54 +4(5 3 )x+ 6(52 )x 2 +4(5)x 3 + x 4 IM
2 3 4
=625+500x+150x +20x +x IA

(1-;J
=I-3(;)+3(;r
6 12
=I--+--- 2
8
-er I IM

· xx x3

The constant term

=(625)(1)+(500)(-6)+ (150)(12)+ (20)(-8) IM I withhold IM if the step is skipped
=-735 I IA
,5)

1 I
2.
✓x- .Jx+h
..tx+h- ✓x
= .Jx(x+h)

=(..tx+h- ✓x)(✓x+h+ ✓x) IM

.Jx(x+h) .Jx+h + ✓x
x+h-x
- (x+h)Tx +x.Jx~h
h
I
= (x+h)✓x+x.Jx+h

j_ {3
dx'{;
✓3 - ✓3)
- lim.!_( IM
- h➔O h .Jx+h ✓x

- 1im .!_( - h✓3 )

- h➔Oh (x+h)✓x+x.Jx+h
. -✓ 3
- Inn IM withhold IM if the step is skipped
- h➔O(x+h)✓x +x..Jx+h
-✓
3
·= 2x✓x IA

--15)

64
 Solution Marks Remarks

3. (a) Notethatthecoordinatesof Qare (0,2eu), where u>O.

The area of !J.OPQ
u(2e")
=--
2
IA

(b) Let v be they-coordinate of P .

dv u du
Since v = 2eu , we have dt = 2e dt IM

Therefore, we have du = - 1-(

dv) .
dt 2eu dt
Let A square units be the area of !J.OPQ .
By (a), we have A= ueu .
dA
dt

IM+IM

So, we have dA
dt u=4
I =( 1+ 4 )(6) =15
2
. IA

Thus, the required rate of change is 15 square units per second.

Let v be the y-coordinate of P .

Since v = 2eu , we have u =1n(f)

. IM

Let A square units be the area of !J.OPQ .

By (a), we have A =f1n(f)

.
dA
dt

= ((f)(;)(½)+½1n(f))
:; IM+IM

=(.!.
+ _!.
2 2
1n(~))
dv
2 dt
4
When u=4, wehave v=2e •

dAI
dt U=4

=(½+H
2t)}6)
=15 IA
Thus, the required rate of change is 15 square units per second.
1---~5)

65
 Solution Marks Remarks

4. (a) Note that the equation of the vertical asymptote is x = I . IA

f(x)
2x 2 +x+I
=
x-I
4
=2x+3+- I IM
x-I
Thus, the equation of the oblique asymptote is y = 2x+3 . I IA

(b) f'(x)
(x-1)(4x+I)-(2x 2 +x+I)
= I IM
(x-1)2
2(x 2 -2x-I)
=
(x-1) 2

f'(2)
2(2 2 - 2(2)-1)
I IM
(2-1) 2
=-2

The slope of the normal to. G at the point (2, 11)

IM
!l~'.&1)f,
~
1
=- IA
2
-
f'(x)

= ..!(
clx
4
2x + 3 +- -)
x-I
4
=2- I IM
(x-1) 2

f'(2)
4
=2- I IM
(2-1)2
=-2

The slope of the normal to G at the point (2, 11)

IM
~~!
1
=-
2 I IA
(7)

66
 Solution Marks Remarks

5. (a) Note that (-1)1(12)= -1 = (-l)1{1)(2 )

2
So, the statement is true for n = 1 .

Assume that :!(-l/k 2 = (-I)mm(m+l) for some positive

k=l z
integer m. IM
m+I

_L(-1/k
2

k=I
m
2
= :~::C-l/k +(-l)m+1(m+l)2
k=I

= (-lrm(m+l) +(-1r+ 1(m+If (by induction assumption) IM for using induction assumption
2
(-Ir m(m + 1)+ (-1r+ 1(m + 1)(2m+ 2)
2
(-Ir(m+l)(m-2m-2)
= -'---'--'-----'-=----....:...
2
(-1r+1(m + l)(m + 2)
= ...;._.;...___;__..;._;,__....:...
2
So, the statement is true for n = m + I if it is true for n = m .
By mathematical induction, the statement is true for all positive integers n . 1

333
(-1) 333(333)(334)
(b) Putting n = 333 in (a), we have
L
k=I
(- l)k k2= -'----'---''---..;.....:._---'- IM
2
333 333
So,we h ave - 1+ 4 + ~(
L..J- l)kk2 (-1) (333)(334)
=-~---- .
. k=3 Z
333
1 2
Thus, we have Ic-1l+ k = 55 614 . IA
k=3

67
 Solution Marks Remarks

6. (a) Note that 4(-1)3 +2(-1)2-3(-1)-1 =-4+2+3-1 =0.

3 2
Thus, x+l isafactorof4x +2x -3x-1. 1

(b) cos30
= cos(0+20)
= cos0cos20-sin0sin20 IM
= cos 0(cos2 0 - sin 2 0) - sin 0(2 sin 0 cos 0)
= cos 0(cos2 0 - (1- cos2 0))- 2 cos 0(1- cos2 0)
= 4cos 3 0-3cos0 IA

3
(c) Note that 0= 1r satisfies cos30=cos(31r-20). lM
5
3
Therefore, 0 = 1r satisfies cos 30 = -cos 20 .
5
3
By (b), 0 = n satisfies 4 cos3 0- 3 cos 0 = -(2 cos2 0-1) . IM for using (b)
5
3
Hence, cos n isarootoftheequation 4x3 +2x2-3x-1=0.
5
By(a),wehave 4x 3 +2x 2 -3x-l=(x+1){4x 2 -2x-l).

So, we have 4x 3 +2x 2 -3x-1=4(x+1) ( x-- 1+✓

- 5)(x-- 1-✓
- 5) .
4 4
• H 3H 3tr
Smee -<-<tr, we have -l<cos-<O.
2 5 5
3n 1-../5
Thus, we have cos-=-- . 1
5 4
---16)

68
 Solution Marks Remarks

7. (a) Let u=.Jt+i.. IM

du
So, we have 2u-=1 .
dt

J<I+.Jt+1)
2
dt

= f (I+u)2 2udu

= f (2u+4u 2 +2u 3 ) du IM

= u 2 +iu 3
+.!.u 4
+ constant
3 2
3
4 -2 1 2
=(t+I)+-(t+I) +-(t+I) +constant IA
3 2
t2 4 l
=2t+-+-(t+I) 2 +constant
2 3

f(l +./t+i. ) 2
dt

= f (I+ 2.Jt;i" +t + 1) dt

= f(2+t+2./t+i.)dt IM

=2t+ t;+ J2✓u du ( by letting u =t + I ) lM

t2 4 l2
= 2t+-+-(t+I) + constant IA
2 3
l
2
(b) Notethat y=4x -4x, where I::S;x::S;4.

So, we have x =l.o +.Jy+ I) . IM

2

The required volume

(1
=
f:lif48

0
7i

48
2 (I+,Jy+I)

r.:-7
)2
dy IM

=- (l+vy+1)2 dy
4 0

= -7i f 48 r:-;
(1+ '\'t + I )2 dt IM

=-
4

7i

4[
0

t2 4
2t+-+-(t+I)
2 3
-32 l 48
(by(a)) IM for using (a)
. 0
=426:li IA
---t~8)

69
 Solution Marks Remarks

3. (a) (i) A

=G~)
A2

=G~JG~)
=G~) lA

(ii) A3

=G~JG~) lM

=G~)
An

=G~) IA

(iii) det(An)

=I:~I
=1

(£It

=(An)-I

= det(An)
1 (-n
1 0)
1 IM

=(_In
~) lA

£1 1 0)
=(-1 1
-1 2 (
(A )
1 0)(
=-1 1 0)
1 -1 1=(-12 0)
1
-1 3 (
(A ) =
1 0)(
-2 1 0)
1 -1 1=(-3
1 0)
1 IM

-Thus, we have (A- 1t =(-n

1 0)
1. lA

(5)

70
 Solution Marks Remarks

n-1
(b) (i) ~)k
k=O
2n -I
=--
2-1
=2n -1 IA

(ii) G~)=Clo;1)
(1 2 = (1
1 OJ 0 )(1; )=(20
2° i1 2° :21 ;2)
(1 2 =( 2°+I i1 2O2)(1
1 OJ 2° 20)1 =( 2°+ 211+ 22 ;3) IM

So, we have
2 =[fI2 2O]
1 OJ
(1 n . k
k=O

By (b)(i), we have Gor

2 =(2n1-1 0)
2n '
IA

G;)=(i1~1;)
1 ;JG~)=(2/-l ;2)
G2OJ =( i1-I -

2 =( 221-1 ;2)G~)=C/-1
GOJ ;) IM

Thus, we have (: or
2 =( 12n -I
0)
2n '
IA

~3)

71
 Solution Marks Remarks

(a) Since f(x) = x 3 + ax 2 +bx+ 5 , we have f'(x) = 3x 2 + 2ax + b . IA

Note that P(-1 , 10) is a turning point of C .
So, we have -1 + a - b + 5 = IO and 3 - 2a + b = 0 . IM I for either one
Therefore, we have a-b-6 = 0 and -2a+b+3 = 0 .
Solving, we have a= -3 and b = -9 . IA I for both correct
1,---1(3)

(b) Notethat f"(x)=6x-6.

f"(-1)
=-12
<0 lM
Thus, P is a maximum point of C . IA f.t.

Note that f'(x) = 3 (x + l)(x - 3) .

X (-oo, -1) -1 (-1, 3)

f'(x) + 0 - IM
f(x) 71 10 ~

Thus, P is a maximum point of C .

I-----(2)
IA I f.t.

I
(c) Note that f'(x) =3(x+l)(x-3) .
So, we have f'(3) = 0 . I IM
Also note that f"(x) = 6x - 6 .
f"(3)
=12
>0
Further note that f(3) = -22 .
Thus, the minimum value of f(x) is -22 . I IA

Note that f'(x) =3(x+1)(x-3) .

So, we have f'(3) = 0 . I IM

X (-1, 3) 3 (3' (X))

f'(x) - 0 +
f(x) ~ -22 71

Thus, the minimum value of f(x) is -22 . IA

----(2)

.
,
(d) Notethat f"(x)=6(x-1).
Therefore, we have f"(x) = 0 when x = I .

X (-oo, 1) 1 I (1, oo)

IM
f"(x) - 0 I +

Thus, the point of inflexion of C is (1, - 6) . IA

1--12)

72
 Solution Marks Remarks

(e) · Note that the equation of L is y=IO.

x3 -3x 2 -9x+5 = 10 IM
x 3 -3x 2 -9x-5 =0
(x+1)2(x-5)=0
x=-I or x=5

The required area

= JS (10-(x 3 -3x 2 -9x+5))dx IM
-1

= f 5
-1
(-x 3 +3x 2 +9x+5)dx

[
-x 4
= -4-+x
3 9x 2
+2+5x ]'
-1 IM

=108 IA
4)

73
 Solution Marks Remarks

10.. (a) L_et x = a - y . IM

dx
So, we have -=-1 .
dy

J; f(x) c1x

= -I: f(a-y) dy

= Laf(a-y)dy IM

= J: f(a-x)dx
1----13)
tr

(b) fo4 1no+tanx)dx

= fo7 1n(I+tan(: -x))c1x (by(a)with

. . 7r
a=->0)
4
IM for using (a)

=fo_7 1n(1+ I-tanx)dx

l+tanx
IM

f¾ o
1n( 2
I+tanx
)c1.x
1--13)
1

tr tr

(c) Jo ln(l+tanx)dx=J
4 4
o
1n(
2
l+tanx
)c1.x (by(b))

tr tr

fo4 ln(l+tanx)dx= fo 4 (ln2-ln(l+tanx))dx IM

tr tr tr

fo4 ln(l+tanx)dx= fo 1n2c1x-f:

4 ln(I+tanx)dx

f: f:
tr tr

2 ln(l+tanx)dx= ln2 dx IM
tr tr

f 4 ln(l+tanx)dx=..!..f
0 2
4 ln2 dx
0

- tr
n-ln2
f ln(l+tanx)dx=--
4
o 8
1
1--13)
tr

(d) f4 xsec x dx 2

Jo I+tanx
!!_ tr

= [x ln(l + tan x)]: - fo 4 ln(I + tan x)dx IM

2 2
=(n-: -o)-n-: (by(c)) IM for using (c)

n-ln2
=-- IA
8
1---'3)

74
 Solution Marks Remarks

1I. (a) (i) (1) Note that

1 1 -1
4 6 a
5 1-a 3a-l
= 6(3a-1) + (a)(S) + (-1)(4)(1- a)-(a)(l-a)- 4(3a-1)-(-1)(6)(5) IA
= (a+2)(a+ 12)

1 1 -l
As (.E) has a unique solution, we have 4 6 a :;tO. IM
5 1-a 3a-1
So, we have (a+2)(a+l2):;c0 .
Thus, we have a:;c-2 and a:;c-12. 1

The augmentedmatrix of (.E) is

~ ]~(~ -1
~ ~1 : 2 a+4 b~12] IM
(
5 1-a 3a-1 b-1 0 -a-4 3a+4 b-16

~( ~ ~ (a+;;:\ b-12
3
12) ab-12a+6b-80
J IA

As (.E) has a unique solution, we have (a+ 2)(a + 12) :;cO •

Thus, we have a:;c-2 and a:;c-12 . I

(2) Since (.E) has a unique solution,we have

3 I -1
b 6 a
b-I I-a 3a-I
x= IM for Cramer's Rule
(a+ 2)(a + 12)
3a2 -ab+50a+6b-24
= (a+2)(a+12)

1 3 -1
b 4 a
5 b-I 3a-I
y= (a+2)(a+I2)
= 2(ab-10a+8)
(a+2)(a+l2)

1 1 3
4 6 b
5 I-a b-1
z=
(a+2)(a+12)
ab-I2a+6b-80
= IA+ IA IA for any one + IA for all
(a+2)(a+I2)

75
 Solution Marks Remarks

Since (E) has a unique solution, the augmented matrix of (E)

1 1
~ O 2
-1
a+4
3
b-12
J lM
[ 0 0 (a+2)(a+l2) ab-I2a+6b-80

3a2 -ab+50a+ 6b-24

1 0 0
(a+2)(a+l2)
2(ab-10a + 8)
~• 0 1 0
(a+2)(a+l2)
ab-12a+6b-80
0 0 1
(a+ 2)(a + 12)
3a2 - ab+50a+6b-24
X
(a+2)(a+12)
2(ab- I0a + 8)
Thus, we have y= lA+lA IA for any one + IA for all
(a+2)(a+I2)
ab-12a+6b-80
z=-----
(a+2)(a+I2)

(ii) (1) When a= -2 , the augmented matrix of (E) is

1 1 -1
4 6 - 2
3 [1 1 -1 3
b ~ 0 2 2 b -12
J J IM -------------, I
[ I
5 3 - 7 b -1 0 0 0 2b- 28 I
I
I
Since (E) is consistent, we have b = 14 . IA I
I
either one
I
(2) When a= -2 and b = 14 , the augmented matrix of (E) I
I
I
I
1 1 -1 3] I
I
~ 0 1 1 1 1--------------'
[0 0 0 0
Thus, the solution set of (E) is { (2t + 2, 1- t, t): t e R } . IA
1--19)

Putting a= -2 and b = 14 , (E) becomes

X + y - Z = 3
2x + 3y - z = 7
{
Sx + 3y - 7 z = 13
By{b)(ii), the solution set is { (2t+ 2, 1-t, t): t e R} . IM
So, we have
x2 + y2-6z 2
=(2!+2)2 +(1-t)2-6t 2

2
=-t +6t+5
2 2 2
=-(t -6t+3 )+3 +5
=-(t-3)2 +14 IM
2 2
Therefore, the greatest value of x 2 + y - 6z is 14 .
Thus, there is no real solution of the system oflinear equations
satisfying x2 + y2 -6z 2
> 14 . IA f.t.
---13)

76
 Solution Marks Remarks

12. =lnl
(a)IP11
I™
-OPI
=1
00- OPI IM
I-i + (2-t)j+ 2kl = l3i + (1-t)j + kl

✓(-1) 2 +(2-t) 2 +2 2 = ✓3 2 +(1-t) 2 +i2 IM

t 2 - 4t + 9 =t 2 - 2t + 11
t =-I IA
·--(3)

(b) (i) CAxCB

= (-2i +3j-2k)x(2i + 2j-3k)
j k
= -.2 3 -2
2 2 -3
=-5i-10j-10k IM

= ✓(-5) 2 +(-10) 2 +(-10) 2

=15

--
A unit vector which is perpendicularto II
CAxCB
IM
= ICAxCBI
-1. 2. 2k 1. 2. 2k
=3I-3J-3. IA accept -1+-J+-
3 3 3
-
(ii) Note that CD= i + 3j+ k .
-1. 2.
Let n=-1--J-- 2k .
3 3 3
. CD•n

=(I+ (-1. k)-

. 3.J+ k) • -I--J--
3
2. 2
3 3
=.::.!.-2_3- IM
3 3
=-3
Let 0 be the angle between CD and II .
Since -CD• n < 0 , the angle between -CD and n is -1i + 0 .
2

CD·n=lcnllnlco{; +0) IM

3 =,Ji2 +3 2 +i2 sin0

sin0= 3 ✓11
11

. -1[3✓
0 =Sm -- 11) IA
11

Thus, the angle between CD and II is sin-l [ f) .

3

77
 _ Solution I Marks I Remarks

(iii) DE
= (OC
•n)n I lM

·= (3)(.::.!.i-Ij-Ik) ( by (b)(ii))
3 3 3
=-i-2j-2k

-PF
---
=PA+PB+PC
= (-i +3j + 2k) + (3i + 2j+ k) + (i + 4k)
=3i+5j+7k

-
FD
=DD-(ofi+Pi')
= (3i + 2j+ 5k)-((i- j) + (3i+ 5j+ 7k)) I IM
=-i-2j-2k

Therefore,we have DE= FD.

So, we have DE II FD and DE= DF .
Hence, D, E and F are collinearand DE= DF . I IA+ IA I f.t.
Thus, D is the mid-pointof the line segmentjoining E and F.
1--(10)

78