SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING

A Practice Book

Paul V. Hendrickx

Longman
LONGMAN GROUP LIMITED

London

Associated companies branches and

representatives throughout the world

© Paul V. Hendrickx 1971

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the prior permission of the Copyright owner.

First published 1971 I. S. B. N. 0 582 52439 3

Typeset by Pentagon Bureau, London Printed in Hong Kong by Peninsula

Press Ltd.
SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING

A Practice Book
PART ONE : SINGLE WORDS
Stage I Elementary 3
General 6
Economic 11
Scientific & Technical 14
Conference Terminology 16
Stage II General 18
Economic 21
Scientific & Technical 23
Conference Terminology 25
Stage III General 27
Economic 30
Scientific & Technical 31
Conference Terminology 32
PART TWO : SENTENCES
Stage I Elementary 35
General 40
Economic 53
Scientific & Technical 57
Conference Terminology 62 Structures
Stage II Elementary 65
General 67 Phrases
Economic 82
Scientific & Technical 88
Conference Terminology 91
Elementary 97
General 104
Economic 115
Scientific & Technical 118
Conference Terminology 125
INTRODUCTION
A fully warranted and really satisfactory technique of teach ing
translation does not seem to be available yet. This is certainly true
when simultaneous translation is concerned. Very little
investigation has been done in this matter, and those very few who
claim an opinion on the subject will in most cases just agree to
differ.
In many schools for interpreters the teaching method appears
roughly to run on the following lines. First, a class is introduced
to a subject. A written text is examined, the vocabulary is studied
and the problems of translation are discussed. Next, the text is
split up into paragraphs or even sentences, and these are
translated simultaneously but separ ately. Finally the same text, or
a similar text is translated in full, without interruption, and the
result is commented on by the teacher.
This certainly contributes greatly to the education of the
future interpreters but most of the time the students are
concerned with anything but simultaneous interpretation.
In the end the exercise turns out to be just a repetition — at a
greater speed — of a translation which has been prepared in
advance. Certainly, the students are taught to respond quickly and
to memorize easily, but the actual technique of simultaneous
interpretation, which obviously should be the chief concern in the
courses, is not practised systematically.
In consequence, the students are likely to develop - often for the
rest of their lives — a habit of translating only what they happen to
hear, without actually listening while they are translating. In many
cases they only listen during the inter vals between the translating
activities, they only translate
what they happen to grasp at intervals, or what they
happen to remember from the preparation periods.
Obviously, the right technique should be taught from the
start, and practised intensively. In this way the results may not
be so spectacular at first, but there will be much more scope for
improvement at later stages.
The problem is to discover which is the right technique. In
order to find this out one would need a detailed descrip tion of
what is going on in the brain when translating. Although a lot of
research is being done about the way in which the brain
functions, little is known yet of the process of translation, and
opinions on this matter differ greatly. However, it may be
assumed that oral translation takes place in roughly four stages:
—
1 listening, i. e. perception of sounds, interpretation
2 comprehension, i. e. grasping the sense of the sounds,
interpretation.
3 translation, i . e . transforming the sense into the corres -
ponding linguistic units of another language, and
4 phonation, i. e. articulating, producing the new speech
utterance.
It is not certain at which stage of simultaneous inter pretation
the association of the data presented to the mind does occur.
Corresponding words of both languages may very well be
associated directly without any concept of the object being
formed, i.e. without any conscious comprehension taking place,
and so on. There is, however, no doubt that simultaneous
interpretation stage 1 — and perhaps stages 2 and 3 as well —
occurs when stage 4 is not yet over, in other words, the
interpreter has to do the
VII
listening while he is still busy producing the translation of the
previous sentence.
Opinions may differ concerning the duration of this over-
lapping period, or the ways and means to make this overlap as
short as possible, but there is no doubt that the quality of a
simultaneous translation depends largely upon the ability of the
translator to carry out these two activities simultaneously. There
can be no good translation if the interpreter has not been able to
listen while talking.
It follows that the right technique consists in performing both
activities simultaneously. Some people may have a natural talent
for this sort of thing but there is no doubt that the right teaching
technique must consist in training the learner intensively from the
start to cope with the listening process while doing the actual
translating, i.e. to stay behind the speaker as much as possible.
The interpreter should not start translating until he has grasped
the full meaning of what has been said.
This precisely, is the fundamental principle on which the
present exercises are based. The method is devised
(1) to force the learner to stay behind, and
(2) to allow the teacher to control this lag.
The present system also allows the teacher - or the student
working on his own — to graduate the difficulties resulting solely
from the simultaneity, and to check the results. This also is of the
greatest importance; usually the degree of difficulty of the texts
proposed for interpretation is gradually stepped up, but there is
seldom any gradation in the actual technique of simultaneous
interpretation.
VIII
It will now be apparent why the present exercises consist of
separate words or sentences without any context. This may seem
artificial, but they are measurable units, which enable the
instructor accurately to assess the progress that has been made and
to control the teaching process at all stages. He can gradually
increase the difficulties, and find out whether the dosage is right,
not by increasing the speed of delivery no by accumulating
problems of translation, but by increasing the difficulties resulting
exclusively from the simultaneity. He is also able at all times to
see to it that translating takes place simultaneously with listening.
Exercises in simultaneous interpretation should not mainly be
concerned with difficulties of translation. Accordingly the user of
this book is expected to have a good command of English and of
another language, but no knowledge is expected of the vocabulary
and idioms of a particular discipline. The translation of this
particular language can be taught at a later stage, viz. when the
students have mastered the fundamental technique of simultaneous
interpreting. In fact, many other things will have to be taught at a
later stage, including how to increase the speed, shorten the
wording, and make full use of the intervals between the elements
of speech. In the present exercises, which are just drills, similar to
the finger exercises for instrumentalists, there are no major
problems of translation, and specialized vocabulary has
deliberately been excluded. However, an attempt has been made to
use the words, phrases and structures that are most common in
normal usage and in the language of mechanical engineering and
economics
To achieve this, the most careful use has been made of the
following:—
I. A. Richards, Basic English. Pocket Books Inc., London. 1945.
Michael West, A General Service List of English Words, including the
Supplementary Scientific and Technical Vocabulary. Longman,
London, 1967.
W. E. Flood & M. West, An Elementary Scientific and Technical
Dictionary. Longman. London, 1964.
A. J. Herbert, The Structure of Technical English. Longman.
London, 1965.
H. Van Hoof, Economic Terminology. Max Hueber, Munchen, 1967.
W. Stannard Allen, Living English Structure, Longman, London,
1962.
A. S. Hornby et al., The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
English. O. U. P., London, 1963.
The reader will no doubt appreciate that this book does not aim
to teach language. Its only purpose is to help the student to
overcome the difficulties resulting from simultaneous
reproduction and reception. It also enables him to practise
methodically, even without the help of his teacher. Moreover, the
material can be used for testing applicants for a course in
interpretation.
The present exercises may of course be extended almost
indefinitely along the same lines, and other means of devel oping
the ability to listen and speak at the same time can be devised.
They will never be without value. They will not only develop the
student’s power of concentration and his ability to divide his
attention, but they will also give him more confidence because he
will have had practice in
gradually overcoming technical difficulties before having to tackle
a piece of continuous interpretation.
DIRECTIONS
The book consists of two parts, I : Single words, and II :
Sentences. Each part is divided into three sections, and in each
section the material is again divided into Elementary, General,
Economic, Scientific and Technical and Conference Terminology.
Most of the words used in the sentences appear first in the
corresponding word list. The difficulty of translation is gradu ally
stepped up, and the student should not take up the next and more
difficult exercises until he is able to do the easier ones well.
However, he can do the sentences corresponding to a word list
immediately after the words of that list have been practised
satisfactorily.
The material may be read out by one person and translated by
another person, or recorded on a tape before it is translated
simultaneously.
The following instructions should be carefully observed:
1 At all times the pronunciation both of the reader and the
interpreter should be clear and distinct.
2 It is recommended to maintain the same rate of delivery
throughout. About 60 items per minute is suggested for the
single words, and 120 to 150 words per minute for the
sentences (not including the pauses between sets).
3 The exercises consist of sets of six to eight words or
ix
 sentences. The single words should be read across or down, each Third Exercise -
line or column forming a set. Each set should be read out without Words read out:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) wait wait wait
interruption as if it were a continuous text. Translation:
The reader should however pause after each set to allow the wait wait wait (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
interpreter to finish the set. It is advisable to count 1, 2, 3,
It is important for the interpreter to speak at the very moment the
before starting to read out each set.
next word is being read out. It is also recommend not to do the next
4 For the separate words, the interpreter should first stay one word
and more difficult exercise until the student can do the previous one
behind the speaker, then two, and then three, i.e. begin by
easily and without mistakes. The final minimum lag required for
translating word 1 while word 2 is being read out, trans late word 2
Stage I is three words, for Stage II it is two words, and for Stage III
while word 3 is read out, etc...
one word. The reason for this inverse gradation is that the words of
When this has been done satisfactorily with the whole series,
Stage II and Stage III are increasingly difficult to translate.
translate word 1 while word 3 is being read out etc...
Now proceed in the same way with the sentences, i.e. trans late
Finally, translate word 1 while word 4 is being read out etc...
first one sentence behind the speaker, then do the same series again
In other words, first do the whole series staying one item
staying two sentences behind, etc.... For the sen tences of Stage I it is
behind, then do the same series again staying two items be hind,
advisable to be able to translate 2 or 3 sentences behind before going
then the same series once more staying three items behind.
on to the next stage; for the series of Stage II, a lag of two sentences
Example: is suggested; for the series of Stage III and for those that are entitled
First Exercise -
“Phrases” or “Structures”, the student is only required to delay
Words read out:
(1) pen (2) ink (3) silver (4) cat (5) table (6) wait translating until the first sentence of the set has been fully read out.
Translation: 5 The student may at first merely repeat the words or sen tences at
wait (1) plume (2) encre (3) argent (4) chat (5) table the right time without translating them, or trans late the words
Second Exercise - without pronouncing them. This will be very helpful to
Words read out: beginners who may have some difficulty in hearing the speaker
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) wait wait because they are not used to talking while somebody else is
Translation: speaking.
wait wait (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

x
6

6 When practising the single words, the student should always
keep the same pace as the reader. If he does not know the
translation immediately, he should pronounce any word or
sound and go on to the next word so as not to interrupt the
rhythm. He should not try to catch up with the reader, but
always maintain the same distance set for that particular
stage.
7 In principle the words and sentences should not be read out
twice in the same order to prevent the sequence from being
learned by heart. It is not recommended to alter the number
of words in the sets unless all the stu dents can follow the
rhythm of delivery and stay behind as required. It may be
convenient to give or to record at the right time some sort of
signal, such as a tap of a pencil on the table, in order to
this should not be necessary, nor should it be the rule.
10 One advantage of this method is that the student can work on his
own. He should realize, however, that it is not advis able to do
exercises of this kind for hours on end. It is much better to work
regularly for shorter periods at a time. Thirty to ninety minutes’
daily practice is recommended. The presence of an instructor at
these practice sessions is not imperative but if students are
working under the guidance of a teacher, the latter should make
sure that they follow the instructions very carefully. He should
regularly check the results and set each student’s next task
accordingly.
NOTE: -

indicate that the student may start translating. Many words used in the sentences marked Economic, Scientific
8 Although every effort has been made to avoid ambiguity, and Technical appear in the word lists, but the stages will not always
come uncertainty may still arise occasionally about the correspond. For example, a sentence presented under the heading
correct translation of the words that are introduced with out a Stage I, Technical may contain words that appear in the word list
context. This should not be a major concern since it is not marked Stage II, Technical.
essential that the student should interpret the single words in The words used in the sections entitled “Phrases” and
the particular sense the teacher has in mind. It is important, “Structures” do not first appear in a word list.
however, that an acceptable response should be produced at
the right time as indicated in paragraph 4. Those words that
should be interpreted as verbs are grouped together under the
heading Verbs. Syllables that should be stressed are
underlined.

9 There is no harm in studying the words in advance to make

sure that the students know the translation, but

xi
PREFACE
Although interpretation has been a major instrument of
communication in every international meeting ever since World
War I, remarkably few books have been written on the subject
and fewer still on the techniques of interpret ation. This may be
due simply to the fact that interpreters have a congenital dislike
for writing or to their not wishing to pass on their experience on
the ground that this is not feasible and that one has to be born
an interpreter.
Most professional interpreters, indeed, have taken a strong
stand against the teaching of interpretation, as opposed to a very
small number who believe that some of their experience can be
turned to advantage and con veyed to would-be interpreters in
the form of a systematic training schedule. Such books as have
given the problem some consideration — and a recent
contribution is one by a Russian author — deal mainly with the
practice of note- taking in consecutive interpretation. The
mechanisms and techniques of simultaneous interpretation have
so far been given little attention, except theoretically.
xii
The author of this book has dared to tackle the problem in a way
that will no doubt raise some measure of contro versy. But that will
be his very merit. The many papers he published in connection with
the mental mechanisms of translation and interpretation are proof
that he has been engrossed in his subject for quite a number of years
and that the conclusions put forward in the form of what he modestly
calls a “book of drills” are not just the outcome of some idle
thinking.
To those who object fundamentally to the teaching of con ference
interpreting, the argument being that there is no point in turning out
hundreds of young interpreters every year, this little book provides a
ready answer: through its novel approach it may help to get a better
insight into the very difficulties of the thing, and act as a check. To
quote Galsworthy: “if not quantity, we can at all events have
quality”.
There can be no doubt that the exercises in this book will prove
useful, even to those who have a natural ability, because it will train
their minds in the fundamental technique of simul taneous
interpretation.
H. J. B. Van Hoof
Ex-Interpreter
President “Chambre beige des
Traducteurs, lnterpretes et
Philologues”.
 PART ONE

SINGLE WORDS
STAGE I
 Elementary I, 1
1
taxi plan bus cat beer glass table
lunch pot soup line sport ball prince
mile park goal tea train fruit film
pipe success police hotel piano actor cigarette
bar point radio paper river photo weekend
lamp coffee studio captain moment whisky television
bank metal doctor cinema guitar colour sandwich
2
cake minute balloon family plant card baby
school name tobacco number boy ticket music
president trumpet officer transport rail person general
ambulance Belgium street sky wood page assistant
programme restaurant room shop day money eye
interviewer snow bed year rain hand word
prison brush dog letter chair pen album

3
man soap corner sister banana apple
regiment
bread brother money father butter milk
water
ship nose sand king star mouth
six
clock work horse boy salt daughter
air
town winter fire woman building silver
cloud
foot tree wool land sugar tooth
book
time ear song potato boat postcard
gold
4 egg arm airplane
door church top
telephone
tongue car animal wall question wheel
bar
coat fork bottle friend garden engine
dress
window cow finger bag glove hammer
thing
head umbrella flame kettle floor chicken
cup
field step bridge dentist accident Europe
invitation
Holland France England Spain America Africa
Italy

3
Elementary I, 2

5
knife food chin house bell leg leaf
love map teacher lip hat box pot
body bone nail pistol station pain price
steam road paint picture night sheep skin
month shirt mother pencil mountain silk moon
summer student shoe neck one motor north
south Russia ring stone cheese wind knee
6 Verbs
come give go dance play drink tall cry
walk turn break cut brush have laugh work
learn make run look let talk pull pass
take sleep roll push stop read swim rest
sing speak pay repeat do push call help
see hear live die begin forget eat cost
help kiss think bite cut wash find dream
keep smile smell blow touch catch use find
boil change cover stay feel listen choose show

science monkey place government square scissors watch toe

motion size sandal gun stamp wave seaside ray
weather leather noise hairpin office support pleasure toothbrush
toothpaste page pocket season writer part storekeeper icebox
trousers journey something inch shelf root bath answer
lock basket stocking scale railway knowledge spade cause
education shoemaker voice direction collar amount bedroom bucket

4
 Elementary I, 3

8
discovery face addition business distance chest farm angle
bookstore button drawer cloth farmer brain carriage frame
fingernails spoon clothing drop attraction harbour account skirt
end weight cotton goat heat branch Pig letterbox
chair sort wife morning post smoke sock cock
yes every many because no five not that
now also here never all but always alone
9 Adjectives
warm yellow clean thick cool wet thin bad
cold green full white beautiful fat first dirty
great far dark good better deep high left
bitter hard black low blue little slow light
long new quick small soft short straight rough
round strong old red sweet open ready hot
young English modern late fresh grey hollow poor
French interesting dry pleasant rich ripe serious jealous
10
narrow happy strange serious smooth wide important false
wrong liquid unhappy certain equal loud dangerous true
cheap ready expensive big clean difficult near dry
empty steep easy funny gay honest sharp large
polite early quick pretty rare slow intelligent tired
today first please sometimes enough tomorrow many often
perhaps together yesterday always tonight soon again well

5
General I, 1
1 Verbs
talk come dine break forbid greet die
carry ask weave eat hate bring have
forgive move call use sleep fall must
think cost bake mix drink wash weigh
feel cook grow sell try steal hear
tell burn risk feed enter fight accept
2 Verbs
freeze swim give come run forget show
read stop boil spread present swear ruin
discuss reduce swell reach reproduce pass give
sit inform kneel correct play fill begin
melt start rise believe look spell organize
permit find continue eat lay suggest standardize
can help live go work speak meet
3 Verbs
ride pay remain sink put dance finish
describe let win hold fly float creep
pull bite hire hinder answer call write
keep lie bind flow make imitate climb
arrest turn cut send follow shoot declare
invite follow see sing introduce listen translate
learn say pronounce push split understand combine
4
garage yes cake master discussion telegraph mother
bar flame university temple family extreme diamond
yard bank tax variety morning year seven
taxi ball mountain sister comfort yellow calm
tea valley bundle good hand you command
balance brown grammar grass hard famous false
commercial comfortable great electricity broad young far

6
 G en e r a l I , 2
5
brother mouse boy committee zero green handle
bridge dinner company governor discipline bread cape
father mystery literature brain captain term he
business dozen fat head box water formal
test theatre fork haste card way much
wax tank week car task fast association
road bottom roll bottle grain goods we
6
simple round music salt shame double forward
rubber artificial complicated hook conversation possible wealth
thick translation English dream feast weapon control
Christmas feather gas miserable ear minute each
thief church air thing heap favourite universal
castle weather agent grey enough basis bay
thin cause weekend thirst elasticity against fault
7
fruit end hope beak weekday age thorn
freedom heart time girl ground horse bear
beard centre misery welcome beast generous again
elephant but ceremony news beautiful free cool
copper certain mill group heat copy because
electric general elastic gentleman churchyard active circular
8
hospital field bed circle title action cork
tin activity white effective film bedroom eye
element door city tobacco action ton heaven
guest actor model gift clay tooth classroom
tongue night widow able wide fresh absolutely
glass horizon efficient child fortune motor confidential
chief salary canal mother bus bad familiar

7
General I, 3
9
money sail father book devil sand morality
telephone mountain valley bone district detail bundle
condition variety hat force warm tent rival
telegraph camp river temple baby grain back
position room Holland wall temperature saddle very
baggage complete Russia quality representative pint competition
attention pain ocean private perfection race popularity
10
state officer pair radio summer official sugar
priest pan queen record stock rail often
quantity personal photography oil partner republic sword
station party recent quarter reputation particle old
price press step part problem rich once
order restaurant park reference stone patriotic red
pardon president rice palace ordinary original relative
11
paper result pen artist pipe remedy pearl
street port rest rain system quick perhaps
person shoulder passenger opinion strong price ripe
passage sympathy plan respect rat one permanent
stem reserve place operation steam rank sweat
strict open storm envelope special barber again
modern dry moral moment month friendly base
12
night east ticket bath nonsense actual thread
early money country drum attention drop moon
well thunder full west adventure essence earth
charm north bone meal address noble what
straw wheel courage nose post poor loud
chain noon friend bell stiff shot generosity
character effect full cotton perfect midday no

8
 General I, 4
13
plate life staff milk stick plaster so
name late subject ink local south market
inclusive soap success pool love many shame
spade mass nut standard industry long indeed
stream member special political middle pit loose
puzzle new room sleeve top clear translator
doctor fish goat train Japan clerk examination
14
house essential wild article hotel wool tour
cousin army tower clock bicycle cloud guide
dark cow wind art town big sauce
winter finger date Italy arm wise trade
twenty leg glory day blue bitter amusement
cross expert black high butter crown dead
hill fire secretary cup flame excess hall
15
second cock cold deaf blind tube growth
seed college excuse flat shade block ambition
black glory front colony type hammer workman
uncle always world blood colour serious worm
product foot floor hollow flesh immoral experiment
ice ladder man shoe nail April all
jewel idea reporter plant shadow reproduction worthless
16
ideal lamp pound manner
note public letter
land slave lunch mad
king landing nine
nothing mile short important
large small immense
kiss machine luck natural
life kitchen situation
explosive shock now light
number metal knee
nest soldier social net
limit island jealous
television needle line side
procession pure mild

9
General I, 5
17
medicine socks price lung nurse nature popular
nation lip neck silver list insect solid
nephew simple pleasure instrument match never purple
powder literature model interest leader department international
snow little poet smoke speed sort jealousy
leather police soup fortune production daughter lesson
sport point star low invitation minister study
18
material poison hunger belief club friendship practical
fit coffee god bed ice coal politics
crime butter hut fisherman school coast animal
rival extra height apple tree report word
scale wood deep boat sick food trick
curiosity cushion sharp delicate body tent warm

10
 Economic I, 1
1
trust credit dollar list market programme show
plan budget partner tax union option interview
food code syndicate public policy salary bulldozer
cycle export term motion statute tendency culture
economy monopoly workers inflation tariff investment bankruptcy
pension moment card wagon bank telegram river
transaction grade contract international conference cargo institute
2
clause economical dividend capital balance minority financial
electricity demography boat control authority envelope establishment
instructions examination organization communism luxuries graph discrimination
theory compromise quota inventory telephone goodwill result
pattern ratification practice series personality tanker characteristics
charter speciality stock campaign subsidy secretariat chart
surplus department combination tradition vacation correlation amendment
3
household growth qualify parliament canal bale proletariat
order representative science dumping insolvent report guarantee
bookkeeper socialism dock transport branch state administration
status cotton rules cheque margin client correspondence
agronomist premium industrial debit coefficient crisis postcard
declaration funds potential goods finances protection protest
spectacular revolution class industry certificate interest index

11
Economic I, 2
4
method devaluation ticket article course inventory telecommuni
cations
indemnity question clerk irrigation surplus agency nomenclature
insecticides copy stagnation private explanation regime commission
journal production constant funds income traffic grain
system reserves secretary office railway sector price
standard ton research title session supermarket shop
reference specialist rank product collection specimen rights
nation Marxism identity contract statistics position invitation
5
population construction factor deficit federation contraband inflation
dispute finish register firm colony doctrine column
consul hegemony manager variations line capacity concession
fiscal competence emigrate document consultation delegation financial
deflation calendar helicopter concrete energy congress reproduction
entity condition observation expansion beer command boycott
combination bonus artificial catalogue aspect cereals Bolshevik
politician note leader president national profit multilateral
6
foundation anchor diagram automatic committee champion cartel
herbicides depression convention project fleet costs association
competition food holding candidate form expert compensation
cash hypothesis ideology legal import packet partisan
illustration cable importer pact party magnate corporation
parity fruit cashier bilateral petition institution periodical
immigration liberal period category insurance partner coordination
patent instrument impulse personnel automation interest frequency

12
 Economic I, 3
7 Verbs
industrialize negotiate rationalize collapse exploit collaborate invest
operate analyse concentrate speculate devalue eliminate stimulate
nationalize pay risk participate produce guarantee finance

13
Scientific & Technical I, 1
1
aluminium electricity echo fossil dose molecule generator
diagonal battery negative channel jelly meter laboratory
organic parasite gum mass pole cement gramophone
barometer salt antiseptic lens bacteria neutral frequency
plastic catalyst fraction circuit radio electron centigrade
skeleton bridge series formula axle normal proportion
alcohol eclipse insect sack friction diagram impulse
2
positive soda section coke prism radium organism
sensation climate magic jute rose benzine planet
centimetre neutron degree nickel automatic process molecule
nucleus larva atom compass method sex malaria
spectrum oval tank pedal spiral blood radioactive
alkaline diameter tunnel theory chocolate pilot electrolysis
protein stimulus satellite filter structure atmosphere quinine
3
inflammable opium candle sulphate irrigation telescope oxidation
millimetre fragment violet ferment sponge cigarette membrane
degree varnish decimal pillar apparatus isotope thermometer
proton period aspirin volt cylinder element celluloid
volume electrode diaphragm crab cube vitamin parallel
insulator equator mental energy gas cinema equivalent
Fahrenheit condenser emotion pyramid antiseptic transistor intelligence

14
 Scientific & Technical I, 2
4
material opposition cycle reaction proton temperature synthetic
radial oil mechanism static initial voltage centrifugal
profile artificial rotor kinetic metal turbine uniform
elastic mill reservoir composition form project gravitation
pump ampere mica plastic research risk molecular
critical diameter contact variety chamber dimension horizontal
5
efficient hypothesis capacity anchor impulse instrument state
conditions function balance petroleum dynamic ivory control
apparatus couple effective factor element stable pulp
specific essential basis fraction potential fundamental accumulator
kilowatt erosion defect process crystal porous grade
technique agent cable hydraulic compact iron engine
6 Verbs
concentrate analyse vary condense perforate reproduce refine
solder polish circulate classify isolate install atomize
compensate activate distil dissociate galvanize eliminate graduate
alternate contract produce specify inflame lift work

15
Conference Terminology I, 1
1
time debate problem report motion translation original
meaning listener invitation secret interim harmony reception
session idea opinion member priority mandate excellent
legal future extract force information general majority
initiative law resolution instrument feeling publication intention
examination text interest paper secretary notes responsible
incomplete fundamental president later opening ordinary solution
2
version definition capacity condition article dossier periodical
commission theory complicated clause definite error simultaneous
colleague constitution answer term agenda record chairmanship
arbitration against order convention quorum abstract suggestion
present vacancy problem legitimate absent debate preceding
statute point signature union money organization preamble
defence supplement election definition expert congress period
public terminology ratification official place illegal unanimous
3
deliberation college confidence difficulty counting corporation final
conference effort discipline argument convocation element compensation
plan facts proposal procedure efficiency danger absenteeism
contract nonsense repetition document experts success help
necessary protest conclusion illegal passage memorandum
simple
custom especial rivalry interruption private microphone
line
position margin cooperation chairman question vital
important
impression delegation criticism discussion committee decision
comment
4 Verbs
speak
declare enter organize multiply print ratify
study
accept refuse justify meet understand congratulate
vote
reply change begin ask start reduce

16
STAGE II
General II, 1
1
beggar queen bird game bill sight bowl
frame lock shop joy garden border gap
danger toe sky band reality branch law
leaf doubt belt degree soil journey ray
forest throat sound tip invention skin simplicity
grease donkey general drum joke breath sign
railway title thought brick dress tears declaration
2
meeting basket mistake barrel brush matter sorrow
knowledge dictionary district axe mill language reason
distance lady towel farm sentence shirt explosion
direction amount picture victory pigeon religion illness
knowledge pig fashion shell fool aim extension -
body fear scissors verb application value expression
knife player suit corner sale arrow agriculture
3
practice agreement power council ' anger prison angle
truth servant expansion cream temptation postman crowd
inch tailor interest strength virtue quarrel fan
umbrella tune shape aunt proof point faith
cup absence factory visit influence supper curls
government face stomach honour comparison whip response
accident cheese stamp wife harbour speech murder
4
reward chalk exercise root choice neighbour citizen
ring wing effort hay wound rope stairs
page niece event noise speed hobby youth
inventor cliff payment history commerce cup headache
weight wave office store orange enemy clothes
edge rule origin pattern button heaven engine
window evening cage row receiver stocking value

18
 General II, 2
5
chicken chain haste roof paste chimney century
pencil exception story example wise car empire
people village firm fellow accident view population
advantage visitor flower expense advance tail pocket
danger agency voyage plural confidence science screw
profession affair purpose advantage unity post-office introduction
seat service reader autumn voice average custom
6
board silk pupil curtain society fence current
vowel appearance fright secret birth fun duty
tradesman beauty trip liberty dust gallon shore
religion development battle description behaviour toy future
map something desire liquid silence gun patience
rust parents proposal business entrance bucket lake
husband employee spoon parcel coat monkey rent
habit remark mud frame danger forest shop
7 Verbs
kill possess explain protect shake shout repeat
smell laugh repair jump cover suck dare
marry trust serve set increase print supply
dive explode pray smile receive count attract
knock taste solve throw mention propose cry
avoid lend divide measure discover accuse decrease
separate shut load allow expect govern scold
develop remember change educate stay catch beat

19
General II, 3
8 Verbs
unite punish sell admire reply compose earn
improve lose borrow seize walk choose paint
share blow act compare slide escape whistle
add save bathe spit leave prepare elect
differ believe recognize whisper wear bury exist
touch travel interrupt vote satisfy pass change
feed deliver disappear extend wish steer breathe
destroy build calculate employ shave fold invent
9 Adjectives
sweet scientific cruel reasonable straight curious female
impossible ready dry ill heavy exact lazy
ugly clean equal polite steep rude guilty
severe square earnest literary probable safe gentle
urgent patient royal cheap soft happy sour
clever excellent wrong easy common nice honest
quiet valuable absent every wet original human
numerous independent rapid dangerous different serious raw
10
wild left grand simple gay smooth satisfactory
brave tender lucky slow regular gentle dark
real safe sad true tall strange pink
alive foreign urgent possible ancient stupid proud
quietly safely almost somewhere today usually sometimes
tomorrow nowhere outside really openly tonight originally
anywhere everybody myself nearly suddenly somebody anyway

20
 Economic II, 1
1
accident unit taxation sample proof loss reduction
enterprise damage index cooperation buyer assistance director
confidence earnings duties management portion payment freight
savings soil member trade usage workshop parcel
marriage injury freedom value evidence departure factory
occupation maternity outsider store aviation barge payment
wholesaler treaty uneconomic carpenter intervention label businessman
2
refugee preference size payable farm delay horticulture
loan expenses foreign employer airfield account trade mark
admission engagement community labour case customer subdivision
fair expensive furniture holiday law manager obligations
debt provisions airport restrictions load relationship probable
aid agriculture adult legislation citizens collision accountant
defect gap demand development disease disparity approximation
3
contestation composition harvest concern dividend entrance healthy
complaint bid commerce arbitration area background connections
appearance beneficiary bridgehead solution average contribution apprentice
insurance foreman destination folder foreign council birth-control
hostilities founder fragile packing freedom rebellion participant
safe receipt weight salesman service producer reform
4
foreigner signature gardening reconstruction licence installation mason
movement newspaper inhabitants mortality meeting investor merchant
showroom performance profession statesman shipyard property subvention
investigation society quantity valid regression visitor scientific
wages secret wealth output origin welfare airline
rent residence delay corporation journal distance bargain

21
Economic II, 2
5 Verbs
insure offer deliver hire invest join strike
purchase supply liquidate withdraw prolong approve verity
spend transfer quote exchange borrow authorize deduct
vote continue complain divorce contribute leave forward
distribute develop lend reduce print negotiate indemnity
participate permit smuggle rise refuse promise spread

22
 S c i en ti f i c & Te ch n ic a l I I , 1
1 Verbs
develop evaporate obtain boil deposit digest absorb
compress irritate react dilute inject correspond cease
spray vibrate vomit dissolve deliver combat lick
atomize feed exclude lubricate deduce liberate mount
estimate consider expose displace modify equip proceed
transform reduce terminate vaporize replace prevent reinforce
2 Verbs
pulverize contain facilitate compose freeze bake resist
keep protect forge deposit absorb apply adopt
react introduce develop inject assemble serve admit
converge suck induce convert distribute transmit disperse
regulate decide amplify diffuse maintain contaminate limit
emit expand differ diminish commence smelt attain
augment decorate contract chew adapt bleach fold
3
image mirror orbit hydrogen alloy onion layer
gland nerve abdomen mathematics lever magnet buffet
piston radiation compositions conductor globe oven acid
knob equation carbon mist jet butterfly germ
lever petal lemon extract oxygen mast pollen
glass pivot interval mosquito furnace potato pinion
lizard breast groove plane inflammation valve pendulum
4
power mould vinegar horn field infectious partial
shaft pottery propeller ankle proof target compoun
circumference hereditary dense source sieve resistance d sole
rib pulse rat temporary rivet file carpet
fibre pulley charcoal similar solution honey tar
scale tissue revolution spore disinfectant crane artery
square sponge submarine resistance task vapour load

23
Scientific & Technical II, 2
5
triangle port bulb x-rays yeast filings vein
cone flax chemistry accessible dissimilar fertile charge
measure grease distortion brush granular distinct tyre
gun fission inlet face flexible joint passage
heat proportio orifice needle bush helmet leak
force n fracture residue pipe value preliminary
tube pocket magnet distance bore slag thread
6 fuel
pressure power tension soil substance streamline
steam shield row propulsion surface suction versatile
combustio winding properties fluid considerable support molten
n viscous malleable suspension content cause probably
resonance rigid speed advantage motion reduction disadvantage
danger help progressivel pressure soluble altitude performance
rest excessive y similar liquid exception handle
filament influence desirable

24
 Conference Terminology II, 1
1
treaty proposal objection topic responsibility abstention presidency
attitude complaint expense project extension competence modification
observer confusion footnote legality conception mediator introduction
aim direction delegate viewpoint hospitality rule participant
negotiations request consultation delay estimates meeting nomination
witness intervention friendship expression welcome authorization misunderstanding
2
recognition purpose target brackets observation summary refusal
code surprise standpoint figures expenditure coincidence treasurer
agreement minutes assistant attention statement appreciation adjournment
acceptable aid urgent authority treasurer measures sub-committee
object remark approval sense explanation arbitration recommendation
previous desirable premature available unlawful annual verbatim
3 Verbs
decide elect interrupt refuse improve discuss suspend
create permit consider exchange trust consult demand
deliver insult replace prolong transfer favour facilitate
introduce recognize participate supply confirm re-open authorize
conciliate stay represent conclude expect estimate support

25
STAGE III
 General III, 1
1
refreshment approval desk connection poverty conscious argument
fever narrowness disgust present plenty cave arrangement
rake employment profit extraordinary despair prejudice attentive
substance flavour irregular eager attractive civilization confusion
receipt ditch performance case background string railing
omission stuff preparation sudden carriage ease resistance
unnecessary outline holidays failure occasionally cloudy respectful
2
strictly criminal distance hardly rude kindness favour
reasonable roughly coin fierce suspicion gate entertainment
preference collar independence ruler fearful envy rock
boundary expectation division rubbish evil faithful backwards
outwards qualification discomfort sacred fate extensive apology
surface difficulty anxious relation kingdom duck admission
rug experience messenger greed drawer pressure careless
3
mercy host meaning debt memorial cautious arch
marriage competitor merry partly however pale curve
reflection appointment concern curse faintly message peculiar
humble newspaper audience opportunity avenue indoors lately
property mixture anxiety outstanding awkward instant determination
limb ornament backbone insult loan necessity unemployed
convent delight independent delight basin crop particular
4
jaw keeper relief lawyer beam moderate
nuisance
crime burden lack paw pin landlord
justice
intention defeat lid actually opposite corn
convenience
kind plainly juicy level resignation court
cottage
judgement mail account coward rightly crack
mechanic
ribbon idle dirty damp pad prevention
pet
conscience anger allowance satisfaction universe unconscious
dismissal

27
General III, 2
5
stage tap skill urge wages treatment scornful
sincere confession strip suspicious recognition chest skirt
usual slight solemn tailor upright screen hostess
splendid unkind violent tired cloth awake search
stain steady temptation sense pond settlement conspicuous
tribe space careful wheat witness terrible sheet
worry scarce trouble shallow wreck busy trial
treasurer sands tough request shelter cattle sample
6
tide sailor signature tool salesman treasure vain
rate harvest management veil slope harmful razor
damage scorn vessel dish sore scientist persuasion
funeral modest community flash disease scenery wicked
employer disgusting caution trap slippery foolish sacrifice
frequent extensively highway treasury severe trunk prayer
surprise spirit shower bush tight dirt dissatisfaction
bunch payment precious statement tune output hunter
7
fur advertisement insurance meanwhile pile consideration proper
lodging peculiar progress binoculars log companion retirement
dot creature lonely revenge pride bold grateful
crash narrow boundary dull gradual rod memory
neat merchant occasion outstanding development extensive dissatisfaction
resignation outcome untidy yield territory holiness careful
lucky improvement meadow generous performance mind unworthy

28
 General III, 3
8 Verbs
hit polish surround charge strike raise suspect
succeed employ refer claim distinguish suffer support
fix recommend enclose rub guess enjoy resign
encourage determine grind dip promise collect oppose
preserve excite cure disapprove dig rejoice relieve
explore pretend drive rush disagree drag prefer
swallow decay offend manufacture roar produce approve
last attend offer deceive apply confess attract
9 Verbs
omit annoy neglect applaud confuse inquire apologize
congratulate intend obey bark insure cultivate defend
crush bargain multiply deserve join perform decide
behave persuade adopt judge mend admit kick
bless notice prove ache rob consider accustom
manage descend remind pinch depend observe object
agree upset scratch prevent spill waste spend
watch scatter hesitate satisfy yield spin stir
10 Verbs
cheer occur treat check threaten cheat fade
sweep postpone arrange tremble pour disturb warn
reflect hurry tie struggle rescue settle provide
worship twist disappoint connect compose sew annoy
hide gather overcome sting bump include merge
mix suppose contain memorize imagine gain dismiss
continue desert furnish replace own boast faint
compete represent review complain please qualify argue
arise hurt include concern stretch wipe estimate

29
 Economic III, 1
1
shipment setback overvaluation slump notification blend
crop bricklayer agreement census statement abstention
craftsman commitments landlord liability warning settlement
turnover fee requirements outlook possessions warrant
perishable livestock leaflet package issue hardware
excise debenture custody burden carriage share
lease adjustment process partnership manure barter
2
merger movables site taxpayer subscription seaworthy
warehouse tender charges allocation coin amalgamation
debtor brand deed failure delivery fringe
contractor grant consumption disturbance gratuity discount
eligible emergency amount applicant bill bearer
shareholder broker application bidder expenditure cask
appointment casualty available assets discharge highway
3
owner controversy fortuitous convertible framework forgery
level customs lumber mortgage improvement mediation
lorry inquiry means postage invoice misunderstanding
storehouse labourer bond resignation slack stockholder
instalment riots flaw staff remainder proceedings
mediator obsolete barrel rebate tradesman shortage
recovery outlet currency securities survey drawback
4 Verbs
expropriate retire promote affiliate proceed cancel
revalue collect expire collapse display reveal
prohibit levy conceal manufacture convey refund
resign waste dismiss consign obviate hoard

30
 Scientific & Technical III, 1
1 Verbs
repel provide insert convey assume reflect achieve
withdraw improve expel restrict require avoid attract
ignite corrode remain generate solve proliferate adjust
act encounter notice remove adhere relieve avoid
survey revolve glaze collide ensure propel obstruct
soak expand fertilize magnify bounce breed splash
protrude rotate rise quench generate slide knit
2
cartridge chisel bark anvil accurate focus nostril
gearwheel ant kidney fir lining moist foam
peg coil loom poultry drain manure canvas
ore hydrocarbon lathe bolt fuel hinge nut
crankshaft brittle radius bat gear drug fern
aerial range drill design sausage bowels rudder
draught rectangle rifle skull funnel grapes drainage
3
smallpox slate garment glue beetle snail cross-section
fungus bud slit resin fertilizer bead sensitive
cavity surgeon spark bracket spring bruise soot
area spine tap switch tile spider air-tight
starch spoke clip truck vacuum bubble whale
bedbug bearing wrinkle cam blade coolant application
crack beam axis blast failure fan cast iron
4
crude grate lacquer level obsolete tar sample
fissile sheet sleeve spindle slot tip waste
stress wear stroke ductile average target superheated
shaft reliable drop rate consumption device available
pile surgery exhaust data gauge core maintenance
useful response forceful ratio thrust supply eddies

31
Conference Terminology III, 1
1
admission ballot census deputy offence liability alteration
director resignation proxy challenge invalidity excerpt spokesman
cancellation distrust board retreat quotation signatory contribution
repayment emphasis regulations lecture briefing conciliation mutual
file validity disqualification survey management restrictions enactment
dismissal assignment vice-chairman notice reputation nullity comprehensible
jurisdiction value paragraph profit postponement substitute investigation
advice trouble provision bargain qualification purpose application
mediation invalid trustworthy reliable eligible unsuitable incidentally
desirable subtle irrefutable valid suitable issue commitment
2 Verbs
cancel abstain expire postpone reject enable scratch
digress boost convene delete endeavour discontinue audit
designate initial lapse manage divulge resolve disapprove
remove settle dissolve sponsor resign suppress withdraw

32
PART TWO

SENTENCES
STAGE I
 Elementary I, 1
1 2 3
The wall is dry. The window is shut. The knife is sharp.
The grass is green. The ball is round. The food is good.
The bottle is full. The bread is good. The house is new.
The girl is young. The cow is white. The horse is intelligent.
The floor is wet. The bag is heavy. The dog is jealous.
The box is empty. The glass is full. The line is straight.
The man is tall. The hammer is heavy. The boy is happy.
The station is small. The cup is clean. The leaf is green.
4 5 6
The road is straight. The book is thick. The teacher is tall.
The bed is soft. The umbrella is black. The letter is long.
The music is sweet. The flame is yellow. The taxi is here.
The soup is hot. The word is long. The bone is hard.
The apple is ripe. The floor is dirty. The table is clean.
The door is open. The stick is short. The nail is long.
The church is new. The building is high. The school is large.
The top is high. The flower is beautiful. The powder is white.
7 8 9
The year is long. The postcard is cheap. The wind is cold.
The air is cool. The fork is light. The man is strong.
The winter is cold. The town is large. The river is deep.
The clock is heavy. The wood is dry. The price is low.
The animal is fat. The train is late. The sky is blue.
The question is difficult. The winter is long. The road is narrow.
The tree is high. The garden is beautiful. The paper is thin.
The cake is delicious. The book is interesting. The picture is small.

35
Elementary I, 2
10 11 12
The night is dark. The pen is sharp. The salt is wet.
The sheep is white. The news is true. The sand is hot.
The chair is low. The song is nice. The shop is closed.
The pipe is long. The street is wide. The water is cold.
The room is empty. The soap is dry. The tea is ready.
The story is short. The snow is white. The knife is sharp.
The ship is old. The mountain is high. The king is rich.
The rain is cold. The plant is green. The stone is hard.
13 14 15
The film is long. The beer is cool. The hotel is cheap.
The president is here. The album is interesting. The park is large.
The boat is heavy. The country is small. The interview is long.
The sun is hot. The ambulance is here. The piano is heavy.
The general is ready. The bus is full. The restaurant is closed.
The bar is closed. The captain is ill. The studio is small.
The house is modern. The cigarette is long. The whisky is bad.
The actor is good. The doctor is ready. The weekend is short.
16 17 18
Her dress is long. Her gloves are brown His shirt is clean.
My tongue is red. My hands are wet. Her nose is small.
His car is blue. His daughter is pretty. My mother is ill.
Her brother is here. My father is old. Gold is a metal.
His coat is new. Her lips are red. My mouth is dry.
My friend is rich. His skin is black. These shoes are cheap.
His family is poor. My work is easy. Your sister is here.
Her fingers are long. His name is Jack. Your feet are wet.

36
 Elementary I, 3

19 20 21
Her neck is long. The gun is loaded. The letter is important.
The stars are bright. The weather is bad. The news is true.
His hat is black. The office is closed. The question is easy.
Her hair is white. The bedroom is large. The cloth is dry.
Cotton is light The bucket is full. The animal is dangerous.
Tobacco is brown. The box is empty. The hill is steep.
Your lunch is ready. The heat is terrible. The window is broken.
My coffee is cold. The surface is smooth. The kettle is dirty.

22
Trains have wheels.
The bird has a worm.
The house has a roof.
The needle has a point.
She has no ticket.
I have two arms.
I have no time.
I have two ears.
23
The car has no engine.
We have a cat.
They have no chickens.
I have two legs.
The dog has a bone.
She has blue eyes.
They had an accident.
We have television.
24
Monkeys are funny.
The waves are high.
Leather is strong.
His face was pale.
Your answer is wrong.
Pigs are dirty.
Her skirt is long.
He is unhappy.

25
The aeroplane is on the ground.
The baby is in the bed.
The cloud is in the sky.
The money is at the bank.
The butter is on the bread.
The map is on the wall.
The money is in my pocket.
The smoke is in the chimney.
26 27
The milk is in the bottle. Wait a minute.
The paint is in the pot. Drink your tea.
The moon is in the sky. Come back.
The lamp is on the table. Give it to me.
The beer is in the glass. Let us go.
The student is in the school. Turn left.
The ship is in the harbour. Look at her.
The lock is on the door. Brush your clothes.

37
Elementary I, 4
28 29 30
Learn your lesson. Help me. Ring the bell.
Look at him. Stay here. Remember the number.
Let me go. Listen to me. Listen to the radio.
Sleep well. Put it down. Give me your address.
Push the button. Give him a little. Call the assistant.
Let it rest. Send me a postcard. Go to school.
Come here. Brush your hair. Come back next month.
Call a policeman. Take her on your knees. Put it on your head.

31 32 33
Have a sandwich. Don’t fall. Do you speak French?
Repeat after me. Don’t cry. Do you play the piano?
Keep him here. Don’t laugh. Do you like sugar?
Turn the page. Don’t run away. Do you like cheese?
Put it on the shelf. Don’t smoke. Do you understand me?
Stop thief! Don’t smile. Did you read the book?
Clean the windows. Don’t forget it. Did you pay the bill?
Keep the money. Don’t touch it. Did you say something?

34 35 36
It’s too early. It’s the wrong direction. Are you serious?
It’s the first time. It’s two centimetres long. Where is the prince?
It’s too far. It costs five pence. Who lives there?
It’s a pleasure. That’s very strange. Will you help me?
It’s too expensive. That’s a rare bird. Who is speaking?
It’s a lie. That’s a good thing. Can you see it?
It’s not certain. That’s too slow. What sort is it?
It’s my business. It’s raining hard. Why are you smiling?

38
 Elementary I, 5
37 38 39
Keep talking. It snows in the north. We went to the cinema.
I can’t swim. One is enough. He plays the guitar.
The water is boiling. Potatoes are cheap. We are invited.
That’s enough. He scored two goals. The police are coming.
He is a nice person. He is an officer. They had no success.
I feel no pain. He travels first class. Please go away.
I love you. His father is a dentist. Tomorrow is Friday.
It rains in the south. He is a great man. Perhaps you are right.

40 41 42
They stay together. I can’t think. I have nothing to eat.
Yesterday was Sunday. I cut my finger. Let him play.
He always wins. He has a lot of books. I can’t find it.
I’ll see him tonight. She makes the beds. Try to catch him.
He’ll soon be here. He’s painted the wall. I can smell it.
She plays well. Pull it down. I never use it.
The dog bites. Let us sing. Today is Monday.
Kiss me, darling. He’ll come later. She is washing the baby.

43 44 45
Her stockings are black. This shirt has no collar. Put a stamp on the letter.
He was very polite. There is no railway. Speak in a loud voice.
They are not honest. This is the first part. Put the eggs in the basket.
He stood near me. They made a lot of Don’t do it again.
The birds are singing. noise. Write a letter.
His wife left him. I forgot my toothbrush. Put the scissors in the
I’ll come in the They went to the drawer.
morning. seaside. The bus stops here.
He made a discovery. I lost my watch. They left the country.
It’s not the right size.

39
General I, 1
1 2
I can translate it.
My work is difficult.
Father is in the kitchen.
This train is fast.
What is it worth?
The tree is thick.
He is five years old.
This job is easy.
My name is on the list.
4 5
That is not wise.
It’s a miracle.
The pencil is made of wood.
The workman is tired.
There is wool on the sheep.
This word is short.
The world is evil.
There are no branches on the tree.
7 8
There is the thief.
Paper is thin.
That car is old.
Put these things on the table.
The valley is wide.
I think you are right.
There is a great variety.
The water is warm.
40
I tried to catch him.
His sister is young.
The tube is hollow.
He is a good actor.
I can’t turn the wheel.
He is alone.
She is a widow.
Who said so?
Time is up.
That is worthless.
The temperature is low.
The tent is small.
She doesn’t type well.
The translation is wrong.
The temple is high.
They sit under a tree.
The test is difficult.
He died of thirst.
The title is on the book.
The tower is high.
He is a very good man.
The poem is written in verse.
There is a thorn in his finger.
The thread is in the needle.
I’m on my way.
3
I don’t see any way out.
Her face was white.
It’s not the whole truth.
Why did you do it?
This is wild honey.
We won the game.
The wind blows.
The winter is over.
I always write with a pen.
6
It’s a long story.
It is not true.
Thank you very much.
I don’t understand.
The theatre is open.
The Union of South Africa.
The glass is dirty.
His knowledge is universal.
9
His thumb is swollen.
The wall is thick.
He has a ticket.
The thunder is very loud.
We wash every day.
I have no time.
Candles are made of wax.
Tin is a metal.
 General I, 2
10 11 12
The address is on the envelope. His tongue is red. The tower is high.
Tobacco is cheap. He has a bad tooth. The town is small.
It weighs two tons. He has reached the top. Where are you?
There are seven days in a week. It’s a total loss. The translator is bad.
There is no bathroom in this house. I know him well. My neck is stiff.
I work during the weekend. The sun sets in the west. It is a small town.
You are not welcome. The trade-mark is on the box. She smokes too much.
He cannot stand still. What do you mean? They have a large stock of sugar.

13 14 15
It’s a stone wall. The storm is over. Summer is here.
Open the door, please. Straw is light. The soup is cold.
Stop the machine. The stream is wide. He swims well.
The soap is in the bathroom. Tell the truth. He followed my advice.
His socks are mended. He is a strong man. What sort is it?
The soldier has a uniform. He has studied the subject. I swear that it is true.
The book is closed. They had no success. The sweat dripped from his face.
Some people are stupid. He suggested the idea. His arm is swelling.

16 17 18
Take what you like. Taxes are high. We must all die.
Don’t talk so much. They drink tea. The staff is complete.
The animal is tame. He tells the truth. The standard is high.

That system is no good. The telephone is here. The meteor is in the sky.

The taxi is in the street. They attacked the enemy. She is in a terrible state.

The spade is dirty. Her son is a policeman. The station is far.

This is a special train. His watch was stolen.
The baby can’t speak yet.
It’s a good start. The stem is yellow.
Spell your name.

41
General I, 3
19
He walks with a stick.
He took three steps.
My uncle is rich.
This is a steam engine.
Photography is an art.
He’s very popular.
She bought a kilogramme of
butter.
22
The wood is rotten.
His skin is rough.
The banker is ruined.
The saddle is on the horse.
Run after him.
The ship has two sails.
These clothes are practical for
the country.
25
He is a serious worker.
She is sitting in the shade.
This knife is sharp.
I have a right to speak.
His horse was second.
I sent the letter this morning.
42
20
Put that glass down.
The news is bad.
The road is long.
The pot is on the fire.
This apple is ripe.
I can ride a bicycle.
This is my right arm.
I bought a roll of paper.
23
The salary is low.
The salt is in the pot.
There is sand on the floor.
He said: Good morning.
I can’t believe it.
She plays the violin.
School begins at nine.
26
Give me five new pence.
The sun is shining.
He was shot dead.
He is a fool.
This ship goes to India.
It was a great shock to me.
21
He has no rivals.
The river is wide.
A circle is round.
There are two people in the room.
I’ll take the risk.
This powder is not clean.
He praised my work.
They live in misery.
24
He is my secretary.
The seeds are yellow.
I seldom go there.
This is a good reproduction.
His brother is a reporter.
Our rations are small.
27
The grass is short.
I have a silver box.
The birds are singing.
Show me your work.
It’s the wrong side.
The situation is complicated.

28
The ship sank.
The problem is simple.
She sits in an armchair.
She is a slave.
This product is cheap.
It’s a quarter past eight.
31
That is a relative pronoun.
I shall remain here.
This country is a republic.
That is a remedy for everything.
Rest a few minutes.
He has a bad reputation.
34
They called a priest.
This affair is private.
Do you see the problem?
She won the first prize.
Their programme is ambitious.
He made his opinion public.
29
The queen had a baby.
It’s quite certain.
Trains run on rails.
His horse won the race.
He has the rank of colonel.
There are rats in the cellar.
32
I respect my father.
The restaurant is open.
There was no result.
This company has no reserves.
A gramophone reproduces sound.
May I ask a question?
35
You pronounce badly.
Push and pull.
The water is pure.
The pump doesn’t work.
His face was purple.
You can write with a pen.
General I, 4
30
It’s a recent case.
He broke the record.
Her lips are red.
I reached London at six.
The prices are reduced.
The secretary made a report.
33
Rice is nourishing.
The president is not here.
The price is too high.
The press was invited.
They walked in procession.
Production must increase.
36
His work is perfect.
It’s perhaps too late.
This is a permanent magnet.
He asked permission to leave.
She is a nice person.
I have a photograph of you.
43
General I, 5
37
That’s my place.
He did it again.
The plan is good.
He drank half a litre of beer.
A plant needs water.
The wall is covered with plaster.
40
How is it possible.
She often goes there.
He is an old man.
Send the parcel by post.
It’s my personal opinion.
He is an officer in the army.
43
The pan is on the fire.
The park is not far.
He has signed the cheque.
I have a pain in my arm.
This is my part of the cake.
He passed by the door.
44
38
He doesn’t play tennis.
He is a poet.
This is poison.
We eat from a plate.
In life there is pleasure and pain.
The plough is heavy.
41
The door is open.
The operation is finished.
That is my opinion.
There is oil in the can.
I go there once a week.
It is one kilometre from here.
44
My mother is here.
This is an electric motor.
Don’t move.
There is a path by the river.
All the passengers are on the list.
His brother is an actor.
39
A needle has a point.
The police are ready.
He’s a clever man.
This is a political question.
This candidate is very popular.
I wouldn’t do it in your position.
42
He did it only once.
The heart is an organ.
They organize a party.
I don’t want to give orders.
It’s an original composition.
He packed his suitcase.
45
That music is nice.
There isn’t much hope.
I’ll pay next Sunday.
There is a man at the door.
There is a mouse in the trap.
It’s a complete mystery to me.

46
His neck is broken.
Your nephew is here.
The net is empty.
Don’t bite your nails.
My name is on the list.
Britain is a great nation.
49
I must go now.
I like nuts.
His sister is a nurse.
He lives at number 16.
Wipe your feet on the mat.
This is made of good material.
52
Wait a minute.
I feel miserable.
They missed the train.
This is a modern weapon.
He is the minister for Foreign
Affairs.
There are 12 months in a year.
47
The bird is in its nest.
It never rains here.
This idea is new.
Human nature is like that.
The result is the same.
The lion is a noble animal.
50
That bag is light.
Listen to me.
It was a good match.
Lunch is the midday meal.
He is a member of the club.
The tree stands in the middle.
53
This is a good model.
Wait a moment.
This story is immoral.
The moon is not up yet.
This morning it was raining.
I want to know more.
General I, 6
48
It’s dark at night.
Your nose is bleeding.
It’s cold in the North.
You are talking nonsense.
It snowed in the afternoon.
There is nothing else to say.
51
Take your medicine.
The butter has melted.
The weather is mild.
The street was one kilometre long.
He owns a coal mine.
There are plenty of minerals here.
54
I am invited.
Lead is heavy.
That line is straight.
I like good books.
There is too little light here.
Your name is not on the list.
45
General I, 7
55
She has red lips.
It’s a little child.
This is a good life.
Don’t look at me like that.
The horses are running loose.
He earns a lot of money.
58
Help me.
Come here.
She is not married.
The soldiers marched well.
He has masses of money.
Supper is the evening meal.
61
How are you?
I am hungry.
He lives in a hut.
A parrot imitates the human voice.
That matter is not important.
It’s very cold indeed.
46
56
She loves him.
That building is low.
He is a loyal friend.
He lives by his pen.
This room is too long.
He speaks in a loud voice.
59
Hold this.
Let’s go home.
The situation is hopeless.
There is a hole in your trousers.
The ball is hollow.
I hope you will come.
62
It’s not my idea.
He has an ideal house.
The ocean is immense.
He has hired a car.
There is no freedom of the press.
I don’t know the height of that
mountain.
57
He has no luck.
He has good lungs.
She must be mad.
God made the world.
They have good manners.
Many people are unhappy.
60
He rides a horse.
She is in hospital.
The soup is too hot.
I can’t see the horizon.
I waited for half an hour.
The lake is covered with ice.
63
He is well informed.
Insects are small.
What is your age?
There is no industry in the country.
He is always friendly to me.
There is no ink in the pen.

64
You are not invited.
The island is small.
She has no jewels.
The instrument is on the table.
Politics don’t interest me.
This is an international airport.
67
Let me go.
He lies in bed.
Where is the lift?
Ask him to do it.
Give me that letter.
He is the governor of the province
70
Children grow quickly.
This paper is white.
That bed is hard.
There is no furniture in the hall.
We can’t use a hammer.
He had a book in his hand.
65
You are jealous.
I have hurt my knee.
It is a high ladder.
This is just wide enough.
He can keep a secret.
He owns a lot of land.
68
Gold is a metal.
He is a good boy.
Grass is green.
He has a foot in the grave.
The plane made a safe landing.
His father is a great painter.
71
Why all this haste?
I hate him.
Your hat is on your head.
The lamp hangs from the ceiling.
The stones lie in a heap.
We hear the clock striking.
General I, 8
66
It’s too late now.
He has learned his lesson.
She is lying.
He is our leader.
Shoes are made of leather.
There isn’t much hope.
69
Her eyes are grey.
Throw it on the ground.
Your guests are here.
He never greets people in the street.
He is in the first group.
The Bible is her guide.
72
We can run fast.
A few people came.
Forgive us our sins.
I can feel the heat.
Speed is essential to our plan.
Diamond is a form of carbon.
47
General I, 9
73
I eat with a fork.
He made a fortune.
You are a free man.
Speak more slowly.
It is freezing.
This milk is not fresh.
76
The glory of God.
Go home.
A goat is an animal.
There was a feast at the village.
The end is not in sight.
She entered the room.
79
That is not fair.
He has false teeth.
How far is it?
This is an extreme measure.
I saw it with my own eyes.
The apple fell from the tree.
48
74
He died at the front.
The bottle is full.
The garage is open.
He is a friend of the poor.
They eat a lot of fruit.
His uncle is generous.
77
The elephant is big.
He speaks English.
This is not enough.
There is no stamp on the envelope.
This is of especial im portance.
Caution is the essence of his
character.
80
This man is famous.
He is fast asleep.
This sheep is fat.
He has a large family.
It’s his own fault.
Tom is his favourite.
75
Oxygen is a gas.
She is a good girl.
He is not a gentleman.
Cows give milk.
I’ll go and get the paper.
The glass is on the table.
78
The examinations are over.
He has no excuse.
That’s a fact.
I tried on every hat.
The experiment is a failure.
The soldier was killed.
81
I feel the cold.
Few people like him.
Fill my glass.
I can run farther than he.
Birds lose their feathers.
There was a fight in the street.

82
The bottle is full.
This powder is fine.
I have two problems.
I don’t like that film.
I found a penny in the sand.
She has a beautiful figure.
85
I forbid you to go there.
I have forgotten his name.
Friendship is a good thing.
The policeman followed the thief.
The discipline in this school is bad.
They were discussing politics.
88
The floor is wet.
This egg is bad.
That land is very dry.
There was not a drop to drink.
The boy had a girl on each arm.
I always get up early.
83
He finished first.
They sit by the fire.
A herring is a fish.
These shoes fit me nicely.
This is the Belgian flag.
Sulphur burns with a blue flame.
86
We have no dogs.
Give him a dollar.
Knock at the door.
They discovered the truth.
He lives in the district.
You must double the dose.
89
Rubber is very elastic.
Electricity is very useful.
The effect was disastrous.
The sun comes up in the east.
This machine is very efficient.
An electric train is fast.
General I, 10
84
The desk is flat.
Time flies quickly.
My feet are sore.
Wood floats on water.
The flesh of sheep is eaten.
He sat down on the floor.
We want action, not words.
87
He drinks a lot.
This land is very dry.
He has big ears.
I bought a dozen eggs.
The horse draws the cart.
I had a strange dream.
90
The children are at school.
What colour is it?
Come home with me.
Switzerland has no colonies.
You must comb your hair.
He combines good taste and intelligence.
49
General I, 11
91
He is a commercial traveller.
This hotel is comfortable.
That is not complete.
The general commands the army.
He is a member of the committee.
He serves in the infantry.
92
The machine is complicated.
We had a long conversation.
The letter is confidential.
This house is in bad condition.
He lost control over the car.
The cost of production is high
93
He is a good cook.
This is a cotton dress.
My cousin is ill.
He served his country well.
You shouldn’t lose courage.
The captain altered the ship’s course.

94 95 96
The waves are dancing. My daughter is married.
The cows are in the field.
Her hair is dark. The plant is dead.
I drank a cup of tea.
What’s the date? This man is deaf.
The river flows into the lake.
This old house is a curiosity. There are 24 hours in a day.
We don’t like criticism.
She sits on a cushion. I declare that I am innocent.
This king has no crown.
A ship cuts through the water. That is a noble deed.
The thief crept closer and closer.

98 99
97
Dinner is ready. The cart is small.
The river is deep here.
We dine at seven. The castle is large.
Her skin's delicate.
This is a direct answer. The cat is sick.
She has a diamond ring.
Nobody wants to die. He is a man of character.
I can’t describe the man.
Some animals have no bones. He gave me 20 per cent.
We can give all the details.
I want a box of matches. There is no medical centre here.
He is a human devil.

50

100
The ceremony is over.
It’s not certain.
I sit on a chair.
We don’t live in the Middle Ages.
Women and children come first.
It’s absolutely necessary.
General I, 12
101 102
He signed the cheque. The house is burning.
He is the chief here. The bus is here.
There is no church. I have no camera.
He wants to climb mountains. He carries a bundle of sticks.
This pot is made of clay. She burst into tears.
That author writes well. That’s none of your business.

103 104 105

Did you call me?
The weather is calm.
Where shall we eat?
It’s not cheap but it’s very good.
He told us about his adventures.
There is no butter on my bread.
Paris is the capital of France. They believe in God.
I like to play cards. This is the best wine.
The clock is heavy. I have no bicycle.
He lives near the Suez Canal. He throws his money away.
His brother is a captain in the army He She is still a baby.
carried the box on his head. I have hurt my back.

106 107 108

This is bad work.
His words were bitter.
Open the box.
Why are you crying?
There are two bedrooms in the
house.
The bell rang twice.
The clouds are black.
My brother is blind.
She wears a blue dress.
Put it in a paper bag.
She can’t even boil an egg.
The children threw a ball at him.
All birds have beaks.
He wears a beard.
He is my friend.
I put my money in the bank.
Is there a bar in this hotel?
That’s a strong argument.

51
General I, 13
109
Flowers are beautiful.
The wine is in the bottle.
There is a hole in the bottom.
I can’t bear it.
I do it because I like it.
He was bitten by a dog.
112
Every circle has a centre.
He lives in the city.
Today is Christmas Day.
Our house is small.
There is blood on your sleeve.
The body lay on the floor.
115
That boy has brains.
Give me a piece of bread.
He broke his leg.
She fell asleep.
The police arrested the thief.
There is no art centre in this town.
He writes articles for the papers.
52
110
Ice is cold.
The sky is clear.
Her father is a clerk.
The weather became warmer.
He went to bed early.
There is a bathroom in the house.
113
A dog is an animal.
He is always working.
He has no ambition.
He likes to amuse the children.
You must answer my question.
He does it for his own amusement.
116
Bring me the book.
The river is broad.
Can you see me?
He has brown shoes on.
This is artificial rubber.
Burning coal produces ash.
I feel quite ashamed.
111
It is an open boat.
The water is boiling.
They like books.
He is a better man than I am.
This tree doesn’t bear fruit.
Your shoulder blade is broken.
114
He is an artist.
Her arms are bare.
He is in the army.
They lived apart for many years.
There was a lot of applause.
There aren’t any apples on the tree.

1 2
Taxes are high.
The treaty was signed.
The account was transferred.
This is a public building.
These goods are for sale.
The indemnity was five hundred
dollars.
The estate was sold.
These crates are heavy.
4 5
The office is closed.
The soil is fertile.
That doesn’t seem probable.
The outlook was good.
Meat is perishable.
There were no omissions.
This is first-grade fruit.
There is no danger of inflation.
7 9
It’s a small airport.
He is a member.
He is the owner.
We are all taxpayers.
The charges are high.
All citizens can vote.
They have many clients.
The coefficient was changed.
He is an outsider.
They are partners.
He lost his savings.
Biology is a science.
He is a member of the union.
The contract is signed.
This is the last warning.
The workers are satisfied.
There is a long delay.
The benefit is small.
The canal is deep.
Accidents are frequent.
He is an automobile dealer.
The load is too heavy.
We have no obligations.
This is a political meeting.
8
His salary is high.
I have no preference.
They are a minority.
He broke the contract.
The boat is on the river.
There are five bales of cotton.
These are luxury articles.
The carriage is paid.
Economic I, 1
3
We received no payment.
That is the right policy.
It’s against the rules.
That is your portion.
He’s an expert in economics.
That’s how we say it.
The wagon was loaded.
You can telephone a telegram.
6
The envelope is open.
Books are expensive.
The furniture is new.
Are there any questions?
This is a private enterprise.
That is the tradition.
There were no witnesses.
The accountant was present.
There is no demand.
They always complain.
It is harvest time.
He went to the colonies.
The money was divided.
Permission was granted.
It’s an industrial congress.
I doubt his competence.
53
Economic I, 2
10
He wrote out a cheque.
The crisis is over.
Exports have increased.
This is the right moment.
Monopolies are banned.
The railways are nationalized.
All our products are on the list.
This is a banking establishment.
13
Food is scarce here.
It is not my fault.
The crop was damaged.
This is a family enterprise.
There is no discrimination.
The firm went bankrupt.
That is a credit bank.
He is the chief buyer.
16
The expenses are high.
He is a foreign agent.
He works on a farm.
These are consumer goods.
He borrowed the money.
He is a clerk at an office.
These barrels are empty.
His son is an agronomist.
54
11
There was no proof.
He sent a postcard.
They accepted the offer.
It was a happy marriage.
The results were favourable.
They are shoe manufacturers.
There was no surplus.
The principal sum amounted to
twenty dollars.
14
They had no confidence.
I don’t know the code.
They chartered a plane.
He is a good businessman.
His father was a bricklayer.
The report was approved.
There were five abstentions.
Their financial situation is sound.
17
The bookkeeper is ill.
It’s a good bargain.
He is a communist.
It’s an official holiday.
His income is low.
Insecticides are useful.
He is a good customer.
It’s an international airport.
12
May I quote you?
The goods are insured.
That’s a navigable river.
That’s a technical problem.
This process is uneconomic.
That’s not the right method.
It’s their monetary unit.
There was an agricultural show.
15
There is no electricity.
The population has increased.
The market is calm.
She has a strong personality.
That is poor quality paper.
The instructions are clear.
The country is industrialized.
This method is not economical.
18
There are no restrictions.
Smoking is prohibited.
That’s an oil tanker.
I like the new brand.
It’s a steel construction.
That’s an important factor.
The speaker continued.
The deficit is important.

19
There was a collision.
That’s his speciality.
The warehouse is large.
They are very active.
He is the French Consul.
His business has failed.
The delegation has arrived.
There are five candidates.
22
It is a new doctrine.
There are five columns.
In case of emergency.
Don’t disturb him.
He is only an apprentice.
The catalogue is ready.
This is the first category.
It is an automatic machine.
25
It is a good plan.
The destination is London.
He is a foreign agent.
The foreman was killed.
Trade has developed.
The book is illustrated.
Imports are increasing.
It is a precision instrument.
20
Our work is finished.
A helicopter is an airplane.
He made a complaint.
He has no connections.
It is a good combination.
A committee was set up.
It is a family concern.
That is an insurance company
23
He is a broker.
The expert is here.
He is a champion.
An anchor is heavy.
The news was broadcast.
The documents are available.
The structure was changed.
The lecture was boring.
26
They did not participate.
It is a national institution.
There was no improvement.
Marxism is a doctrine.
Peace was negotiated.
He is a textile merchant.
It is a national characteristic.
The production is limited.
Economic I, 3
21
Many people emigrate.
The document is ready.
He has no energy.
It is a commercial school.
Cardboard is strong.
They always pay cash.
He sent us a cable.
Appearances are against him.
24
This cask is empty.
Beer is exported.
He is the chairman.
It is an industrial area.
That is the average weight.
The goods were discharged.
The depression was disastrous.
It’s an industrial convention.
27
They manufacture steel.
It is an insurance company.
The cases are marked.
He is a real leader.
We want your signature.
He is a great statesman.
They made no profit.
A meeting was held.
55
Economic I, 4
28
The money is invested.
That country is neutral.
This is not legal.
I don’t believe in statistics.
Smuggling is prohibited.
He promised to pay.
There were a few riots.
A ton is a thousand kilogrammes.
31
It is my property.
He is a specialist.
Their wages are high.
The remainder was sold.
There were many visitors.
This is a scientific method.
That word is obsolete.
You have no right to do that.
56
29
He is the president.
What is his profession?
I lost my ticket.
It is a large storehouse.
There is a new regime.
These animals are protected.
There is a lot of traffic.
There are many variations.
32
Your mail has arrived.
The rent is paid.
That process is new.
He is the general secretary.
The book is printed.
The prices were reduced.
A railway was built.
The security of the State was
threatened.
30
The prices rise.
There is no risk.
This is a new system.
It’s a waste of time.
This correspondence is secret.
He is a wealthy man.
He works overtime.
A survey was made.
33
The standard is low.
There are no reserves.
The price is high.
There are two theories.
He has no principles.
He gave no references.
This is your share.
The dangers of inflation are clear.

1 2
The temperature is low.
The cable is long.
The diaphragm is thin.
The systems are dissimilar.
Distilled water is pure.
Some plastics are flexible.
Water flows through underground
pipes.
What is the force of this current?
4
The metal is fluid.
The wires are insulated.
Ore is smelted.
This is the right voltage.
This is a delicate mechanism.
There is too much waste.
Oil is viscous.
This is a horizontal line.
7 9
The orifice is small.
The temperature is raised.
Petroleum is refined.
Silver is malleable.
This engine is reliable.
We polish the metal.
The piston slides up.
This will facilitate the process.
The soil is fertile.
This wire is galvanized.
The machine has been tested.
These fragments are radioactive.
There is a leak in the tank.
I can fire a gun.
The initial temperature is ten
degrees.
This eliminates corrosion.
5 6
The combustion is slow.
There is no danger.
This is synthetic rubber.
Lead melts easily.
This is a short survey.
Metals are good conductors.
The joints are soldered.
That is an impulse turbine.
8
The shaft is rigid.
The line is vertical.
The tension is high.
Metal can be forged.
The machine is at rest.
The resistance is strong.
New methods were adopted.
Our hypothesis was right.
Scientific & Technical I, 1
3
The orifice is small.
This is an electric fan.
That is a suspension bridge.
The system is obsolete.
Grease is a lubricant.
This is a steel helmet.
There was a strong current.
The rotor is made of copper.
The passage is narrow.
The plate is perforated.
The pressure is reduced.
The gases are expelled.
Gold is ductile.
The composition is different.
This is the critical temperature.
The diameter is nine centimetres.
The plane is streamlined.
This substance is pure.
The surface is smooth.
The wheels rotate.
The machine is in motion.
The pressure is low.
The air is contaminated.
What is the required temperature?
57
Scientific & Technical I, 2
10
The heat is absorbed.
The oil drips down.
Rubber is elastic.
There is a stream of air.
The station supplies electricity.
The hospital is well equipped.
New machinery was installed.
Many isotopes are found in nature.
13
The pressure was augmented.
This mixture is stable.
That is not desirable.
The output is restricted.
The buildings are dispersed.
This is a powerful unit.
Dust diffuses the light.
The problem is not solvable.
16
Atoms are small.
Beetles are insects.
Candle-light is soft.
The transmission is automatic.
This is a hydraulic press.
A battery supplies electricity.
There is blood in the arteries.
The abdomen is the lower part of the
body.
58
11
The shaft is long.
The machine is efficient.
The difficulty was avoided.
This substance is soluble.
The heat is distributed evenly.
There are more than a hundred
elements.
Various problems arose.
The ship was dismantled.
14
This is essential.
I didn’t notice it.
Oil is a liquid.
That is an atomic pile.
It is not accurate.
A thermometer is graduated.
This factory is well equipped.
The elements are classified.
17
The axle is broken.
Bees make honey.
This is a light bulb.
Butterflies are beautiful.
The ball bounced in the air.
The bullet went through the door.
Wounds don’t always bleed.
This substance has not been
analysed.
12
The problem was solved.
The sound is amplified.
The speed is limited.
No exceptions are made.
The pressure is maintained.
Some vapours are dangerous.
The process is effective.
This is the fundamental law.
15
This is a power plant.
Acids are dangerous.
Ants are insects.
Alcohol is an antiseptic.
Aluminium is a light metal.
This radio needs no aerial.
The engine can be modified.
That is the maximum load.
18
Carrots are good for you.
The blade is thin.
Celluloid is transparent.
Cement is a grey powder.
The balloon went up.
The cycle begins again.
Bacteria are living organisms.
There are many carbon compounds.

19
Charcoal is black.
The ceiling is high.
The temperature is twenty degrees.
This material is often used.
Copper is a good conductor.
This crane can lift three tons.
The engine has four cylinders.
Diamond is the hardest substance
known.
22
A drill is a tool.
The echo is loud here.
He has a lot of energy.
Belgium exports fertilizers.
Alcohol inflames easily.
His intelligence was tested.
He works in a laboratory.
There are two combustion chambers.
25
This is a fir tree.
The dog has fleas.
I know the formula.
A lizard is an animal.
He is good at mathematics.
There is moss on the wall.
This is a negative current.
The temperature is normal.
20
Cast iron is brittle.
The climate is nice.
The fog is dense.
The temperature will fall.
It is a closed circuit.
An architect uses a compass.
Smoke came out of the funnel. The
furnace is made of iron.
23
Water is a compound.
A crab is an animal.
Crystal is hard.
Glass is an insulator.
Jute is cheap.
Electrons are negatively charged A
magnet attracts iron.
There is a crack in the cylinder.
26
A globe is round.
The proportion is right.
A cow has horns.
The plums are not ripe.
A horse has large nostrils.
The melting point is low.
Every atom has a nucleus.
The expansion varies with the
temperature.
S c i en ti f i c & Te ch n ic a l I , 3
21
The battery is charged. Chemistry
is a science.
This is a strong fibre.
Gypsum is a sulphate.
You can compress air.
Alcohol evaporates easily.
The soil is well fertilized.
Wine is made from grapes.
24
A file is a tool.
The filter is clogged.
The neutron is uncharged.
A membrane is thin.
He has a mental illness.
A mosquito is an insect.
This is artificial silk.
A metre is a measure of length
27
Honey is sweet.
Ivory is hard.
Opium is noxious.
The oven is hot.
His face is oval.
Oxygen is not rare.
The force of gravity.
Pears are cheap now.
59
Scientific & Technical I, 4
28
This is a jet engine.
A lily is a flower.
The liver purifies the blood.
This is the positive pole.
This plane has no propellers.
These are boiled potatoes.
Petroleum is a mineral oil.
This is the first period.
31
Quinine is bitter.
Uranium is radioactive.
That rifle is loaded.
An electric arc is hot.
The pipeline is long.
Transistors are small.
That rivet is made of iron.
Two of his ribs were broken
34
Wood is not plastic.
The box is square.
That is the right stimulus.
A sponge absorbs water.
That wheel has four spokes.
A spiral spring is used.
A spark produces heat.
What is your source of
information?
60
29
Mica is brittle.
That’s the right method.
The climate is moist.
Molecules can be counted.
This paper is waterproof.
Our body needs proteins.
This process is more effective.
A prism has two equal faces.
32
Soot is black.
A spider is an insect.
His spine was broken.
Snails are eaten.
His skull was fractured.
This house has a slate roof.
Molluscs have no skeleton.
The size of the angles is not known.
35
Tar is black.
Your theory is wrong.
The mechanism is complicated.
Vegetables contain starch.
The square root of nine is three.
Springs are made of steel.
Water was sprayed on the flowers.
The spectrum consists of seven
colours.
30
This mustard is strong.
Astronomy is a science.
The earth is a planet.
There are atomic clocks.
Don’t remove the label.
The doctor felt her pulse.
Paper is made of wood pulp.
A proton is an electric charge.
33
Salt melts in water.
There is no solution.
Radium is an isotope.
The book has five sections.
Those elements are similar.
This is the last series.
The discovery caused a sensation.
This is a sensitive instrument.
36
The tank is empty.
His lips were violet.
X-rays are invisible.
This is a surgical instrument.
Malaria is a disease.
This is a temporary measure.
Water came out of the tap.
There is a switch near the door.
 Scientific & Technical I, 5
37 38
The truck is empty. A triangle has three sides.
The valve was open. It’s dark in the tunnel.
Vinegar is sour. Varnish is sticky.
This tissue is strong. The veins contain blood.
The quantity is suitable. We all need vitamins.
Mica insulates well. This substance is spongy.
A thermometer shows the You need yeast to make bread.
temperature. The satellite is in orbit.
A telescope is an optical instrument.

61
Conference Terminology I, 1
1 2
This is the order of the day.
I agree to the motion.
They voted against.
There are four abstentions.
His answer was short.
That is not our aim.
Many members were absent.
The meeting is closed.
That is acceptable.
We are in agreement.
He was disqualified.
This is not legal.
It is incomprehensible.
The contract was annulled.
His criticism was sharp.
This is the fundamental idea.
3
The offer was accepted.
Do you agree?
It is complicated.
He was dismissed.
It’s not our fault.
There is no improvement.
The list is incomplete.
It was announced yesterday.

4 5 6
There are twenty articles. I appreciate that. He has three assistants.
He is my assistant. This is not customary. It was a bad bargain.
Mr Smith was chairman. He was elected. It’s inconceivable.
This is the last clause. I have no idea. The meeting was interrupted.
There were no complaints. It is illegal. He is the managing director.
They decided to leave. The discussion is closed. Parliament was dissolved.
That is very desirable. There will be no difficulties. He didn’t appreciate it.
That is an excellent idea. That was not my intention. It had a retroactive effect.

7 8 9
He is a member. Your remark is irrelevant. We must find a solution.
Order, please! The report was clear. These are our terms.
That is the best plan. The resolution was adopted. The text is short.
The problem is solved. It is unsuitable. It is your turn.
I’ll think it over. A committee was set up. Payment will be suspended.
Our offer was rejected. They were unsuccessful. Your plan is not suitable.
Explain your project. They did not participate. He is a reliable person.
The names were omitted. We want your opinion. Everything is in order now.

62

10
The report was long.
There are two addenda.
That’s unthinkable.
The translation is bad.
I support the amendment.
It is our responsibility.
Our purpose is simple.
This is the original text.
13
Many members abstained.
The meeting was adjourned.
Admission is free.
That is the wrong argument.
They made a bargain.
There is no change.
A conference was held.
Will you consider that?
11
It is unacceptable.
There are no vacancies.
What is your viewpoint?
My secretary is ill.
Everything is settled.
This amount is excessive.
These items are important.
Whose fault is it?
14
Who is the French delegate?
The file is complete.
The sitting is closed.
The majority was in favour.
I have no objection.
I am only an observer.
It’s the last paragraph.
Are there additional costs?
Conference Terminology, I, 2
12
It’s illegal.
Are there any amendments?
The matter is urgent.
We are responsible.
This is the wrong file.
Look at your agenda.
Shall we accept?
This is quite a problem.
15
The meeting was postponed.
You are mistaken.
Nobody is irreplaceable.
The secretary has resigned.
What is your target?
That’s enough.
You may be right.
I can’t believe it.
63
STAGE II
 Elementary II, 1
1 - The bus will never come, I said. - Why didn’t you ask him? - Turn that radio off.
- There it is, he said. - He wouldn’t tell me. - But, mother, it’s the Beatles.
- Right you are, I said. - I wonder why. - Never mind, do as I say.

- What time is it? 10 - Shall we meet again? - We are moving to Antwerp.

- Half past five. - I don’t think so. - I shall miss you.
- Are you ready? - Then stay a little longer. - I am sorry, but it can’t be helped.
- Just a minute.
- They’ve bought a new car. - I’ve got a new job.
- Do you love me? - Who told you so? - Is that so?
- No, I don’t. - Nobody, I saw it. - I wish you all the luck in the world.
- Are you quite sure? - Thank you, I shall need it.
- Yes, I am. - Hullo! Charles Wintrop speaking.
- This is Mary, how are you Charles? 20 - My, look at the time!
- Put that knife down. - Fine, thank you. - We ought to be going.
- Why should I? - Are you quite sure?
- Because I say so. - Allow me to introduce Miss Fairfax, - Yes, good night.
Mr Smith.
5 - Let me go. - How do you do? - Hello John. You are not looking so well
- Not until you give me the money. - Glad to meet you. - I am in bad trouble.
- I’ll call the police. - Tell me about it.
- I’ll give you a lift.
- There is a draught here. - No thanks, Walter is driving me home. - Did you see the game last Saturday?
- Close the window then. - All right. - Yes, it was marvellous.
- I can’t, it’s broken. - Do you think so?
15 - Hello Jack.
- Give me a light, please. - How are you? - Did you have a good trip?
- Here you are. - Fine, thank you, I’m just back from - Very comfortable.
- Thank you very much. holiday. - Did your wife enjoy it?
- Yes, we had a grand time.
- You are wanted on the phone. - Where did you go?
- Who is it? - Touring through Germany. - The door is locked.
- I don’t know. - It must have cost you a packet. - How do you explain that?
- I can’t.
- But you must have some idea. 65
 Elementary II, 2
25 — Mr Wilkins would like to see you.
— Is it urgent?
— He says it is.
— Send him in.

— I’ll be getting along.

— Thanks for your help.
— That’s O.K.

— I had a letter this morning.

— What does it say?
— They want me to pay right now.

— Have you anything to declare?

— No, not a thing.
— Will you open this bag please?

— How is your sister?

— Fine. She got married two months ago.
— Really? I didn’t know.

— My name is Parker.
— Good morning, Mr Parker.
— I think you have a reservation for me.
— Right Mr. Parker. Will you sign the register, please.
— Where is your luggage?
— Over there.

66
 General II, 1
1 2 3
The room is square. He went upstairs. Don’t stay here.
The staff is not complete. He made a statement. My stomach is upset.
The stage is empty. Steel is a metal. Tell me a story.
The wheel spins round. I’m tired of standing. Hold it steady.
Spring is here. I never wear stockings. The bee stung me.
There is a stain on the carpet. He starred his tea. He spends a lot of money.

4 5 6
He is not sincere. He has a skin disease. He made a slight mistake.
I want a single bed. Her skirt is too narrow. I can smell onions.
The sky is blue. Ice is slippery. This is a slow dance.
I can’t steer a ship. The boxes are all of the same size. There was a smile on her face.
They listened in silence. He is a skilled workman. I can’t solve the problem.
Silk is stronger than cotton. The news surprised me. Somebody asked for you.

7 8 9
The road is smooth. He’ll be here soon. How did it happen?
The cushion is soft. My finger is sore. The line is straight.
The soil is heavy. Something is wrong. The story is strange.
A snake is a reptile. Progress is slow. Something is wrong.
He had many setbacks in his life. It is strictly forbidden. His strength has gone.
I can hear the bell ringing. He stretched himself on the bed. That milk is sour.

67
General II, 2
10
The string is broken.
He didn’t succeed.
She is suffering very much.
There was a heavy struggle.
Don’t use that stuff.
She was sucking a sweet.
13
These boots are water-tight.
He is a strict teacher.
The meat is tender.
Give me a strip of paper.
The clock struck twelve.
The cake tastes delicious.
16
We work together.
He is coming tonight.
This is a good tool.
His father is a tradesman.
I’m fond of travelling.
The treasure was stolen.
68
11 12
Your supper is ready. Cows Sugar is sweet.
supply milk. My tailor is rich.
I am not sure. His brother is tall.
Your suit is ruined. My dog has a long tail.
He swallowed his food. There was a tap on the door.
I swear that it is true. They made a sudden decision
14 15
He teaches English. It is low tide.
It’s terribly cold. She was very tired.
My throat is sore. Today is Wednesday.
This is a kind thought. He gave the waiter a tip.
He threw a stone at me. You stepped on my toe.
Hold it tight. This is an expensive toy.
17 18
Don’t touch me. You can speak freely.
This meat is tough. This is a Christmas gift.
The towel is wet. That is a rare bird.
This is a bad treatment. The parcel was sent by post.
He trembled with fear. He came to the rescue.
I made a trip to London. He did not resist.

19
You are responsible.
This meat is raw.
The razor is sharp.
This is too heavy to lift.
It can’t be helped.
We’ll meet here tomorrow.
22
He will not return.
He was robbed.
Lions roar.
The president will retire next year.
The teacher rang the bell.
She has a ribbon in her hair.
25
The rent is high.
His visits are irregular.
What is their religion?
The gramophone record is broken.
The iron is red-hot.
He referred to your book.
20
I was not ready.
This is real silk.
That is the reason.
My powers are limited.
He spoke in a low voice.
You can mix flour and sugar.
23
He repairs shoes.
Don’t repeat it.
He represents the King.
The house is built on a rock.
They lived under the same roof.
They treated him roughly.
26
They made no reply.
I can’t remember you.
That’s a stupid remark.
He is no relation of mine.
Little remains of the town.
Return the book to me.
General II, 3
21
The weather is mild.
I have a gold ring.
A plant has roots.
Note it down.
One must do what one can.
All the rest is nonsense.
24
A mirror reflects light.
He refused to help.
I have no regrets.
They were standing in a row.
Did you receive my letter?
I did not recognize him.
27
I saw him yesterday.
The scissors are sharp.
Scratch that word out.
The results are satisfactory.
The map appeared on the screen.
His method is scientific.
69
General II, 4
28 29 30
Take a seat. I have sold my house. I have not shaved yet.
It’s no secret. These sentences are short. The blankets are clean.
That seems right. That winter was severe. The books are on the shelf.
Screw off the top of the bottle. He has no sense of humour. The wind shook the branches.
We searched the whole house. I’m waiting to be served. He shares the room with me.
The policeman seized the thief. A wall separates the two gardens. She has sewn the button on.

31
He is a good servant.
You are very rude.
Iron rusts.
You made several mistakes.
The royal family was present.
The water is shallow there.
32
This place is sacred.
His brother is a sailor.
This house is for sale.
There is a rug on the floor.
The trains are not running.
He rushed down the street.
33
Food was scarce.
Biology is a science.
His shirt is clean.
My savings are at the bank.
They came on the same day.
That doesn’t satisfy me.

34
The shop is closed.
Don’t shout at me.
Shut the door.
I don’t like the scent of perfume.
He served his country well.
The matter was settled immediately.
35
That place is safe.
This is sad news.
Will you sign the letter?
He spends all his time doing
nothing.
This substance is rare.
There is a stamp on the letter.
36
He must be somewhere.
The speed is limited.
They spit on the floor.
It’s a splendid place.
Don’t spoil everything.
The scale is one inch to the mile.

70

37
He travelled by air.
He did it again.
The earth is a sphere,
The King addressed the meeting
yesterday.
He is an agent for General Motors.
40
There was a faint sound.
You should have more faith.
This is an electric fan.
They listened with great attention.
The wind drove the ship back to port.
43
His answer was firm.
Fix it to the wall.
I like that flavour.
There was a flash of light.
He folded up his clothes.
The fruit dropped off the tree.
G en e r a l I I , 5
38 39
Explain it to him. She has a pretty face.
The powder exploded. That is a silk factory.
He used that expression. The flowers have faded.
The story was pure imagination. He He failed in the examination.
explored the whole town. The chamber is air-tight.
Mozart was an extraordinary child. Take it apart and see how it works.
41
He works in a farm. 42
Do me a favour. He’s an honest man.
We all fear death. The fence is high.
These are artificial flowers. The fever eased off.
He doesn’t feel bound by his promise. It was a terrible accident.
He killed her in cold blood. I have fed the chickens.
44 It is a female animal.
He was elected. He is a fierce fighter.
You are a fool. 45
He was badly hurt. The garden is enclosed.
They want freedom of action. This is The engine has broken down.
no more than usual. The entrance is narrow.
Please excuse me. You should employ other means.
Make a report.
Now we are even.
71
General II, 6
46
He escaped from prison.
I don’t envy you.
The parts are equal.
This is the chief event of the year.
Did you ever visit Paris?
I want a pair of scissors.
49
I heard it faintly.
That is foolish.
He has a gun.
There are a large number of
unemployed.
That is the right explanation.
The explosion was terrible.
52
The game is over.
The gate is closed.
It’s generally true.
I have a vegetable garden.
Clouds gathered in the sky.
He is a gay companion.
The earth travels round the sun.
72
47
It’s an evil system.
Give me an example.
His work is excellent.
Do you know the exact time?
He exchanged his French money.
It hasn’t rained yet.
50
He has a bad habit.
I see no harm in it.
He lives in a forest.
Who is your employer?
This is a foreign language.
The frame of the window is strong.
53
There is a gentle breeze.
I am glad to see you.
He is not guilty.
The king governs the country.
The change was gradual.
It was a grand wedding.
48
There are three exceptions.
The expense is terrific.
She is expecting a baby.
Such things don’t exist.
It was seven in the evening.
He is a civil engineer.
51
The fish is fried.
She has a fur coat.
The future is bright.
I went to the funeral.
He did it only for fun.
The house is well furnished.
54
Guess who is here.
The hay is dry.
She has a headache.
I am grateful to you.
There is some grease on your sleeve.
The prisoners are well guarded.

55
He is in good health.
The load is heavy.
Angels are in heaven.
It’s harvest time.
The wound will soon heal.
I have studied the history of
England.
58
It’s not human.
Hunting is prohibited.
I am in a hurry.
He is a man of honour.
She is an air hostess.
My husband is not here.
61
Sweden is a kingdom.
That knife is sharp.
His knowledge is great.
This will reduce the price. They
play on the sands.
He had a personal interview with
the King.
56
Don’t hesitate.
He hid his face.
He hastened forward.
I am highly honoured.
Mr. Jones will appear in
person.
We’ll change places.
59
My arm hurts.
My sister is ill.
He is an honest man.
The ship sails at seven.
He’ll be here soon.
He is less intelligent than I had
imagined.
62
She is a real lady.
Latin is a dead language.
Last night it rained.
There is a knock at the door.
He burst out laughing.
There are five hundred pages in the
book.
General II, 7
57
I beg your pardon.
The passage is free.
The holidays are over.
Jerusalem is the Holy City.
I am your host.
It’s the plain truth.
They sell apples in large quantities.
60
I see the point.
What is the right time?
Turn round.
It’s a useful invention.
This is a new kind of pencil.
He treated me with great kindness.
63
There is a new law.
He is a lazy boy.
Leave me alone.
Don’t lean out of the window.
He hurt his left hand.
There is no cause for complaint.
73
General II, 8
64
His son is a lawyer.
Lend me your book.
It is all flat country.
The lid is on the box.
My powers are limited.
That is a literary subject.
67
That’s an insult.
His life is insured.
It’s not interesting.
What are your intentions?
I have no spare time.
The disease has spread.
70
He jumped for joy.
His father is a judge.
Keep straight on.
The key is in the lock.
He is a heavy smoker.
She was nicely dressed.
74
65
Wine is a liquid.
That is unlawful.
She was unkind to him.
There is a knot in the rope.
His French has improved.
The danger has increased.
68
There is no introduction.
Who invented that machine?
This is cast iron.
She is the housekeeper.
There was a notice on the wall.
He was kicked out.
71
The gun is loaded.
She felt lonely.
You were lucky.
I’ve lost my spectacles.
Has my mail come yet?
He is a manager of the firm.
66
The country is independent.
He has no influence.
He is inside.
Why did you interrupt me?
The dog jumped over the wall.
I can’t form a judgment.
69
His jaw is broken.
Will you join us?
He made a joke.
The journey was long.
He made a tour through India.
The car has turned the corner.
72
The teacher is strict.
Tin is a metal.
Hold your tongue.
He has learned a trade.
In what way can I help you?
This is a map of England.

73
I shall never marry.
What’s the matter?
Mention the price.
What’s the meaning of this? It
measures 8 centimetres.
I wonder if he’ll come.
76
What do you mean?
This is a male animal.
That’s a mistake.
Can you memorize that? They
sent a messenger.
It was an unhappy marriage.
79
Our neighbours are nice.
The food is good.
There is too much noise. None
of my friends is here. He took
no notice of me. There are
more nouns than verbs.
74
We need a mechanic.
The meeting is closed.
She has a good memory.
The road has been mended. The
message did not reach me What’s
on your mind?
77
His father was a miner.
The prices are moderate.
A monkey is funny.
He has a modest income.
You can’t see the motion of the
stars.
They neglect their children.
80
Do you have to go?
Pigeons have wings.
He pinched my arm.
Speak and I will obey.
We see him occasionally.
He is a member of a political
movement.
General II, 9
75
That is a merchant ship.
They had no mercy.
He is an excellent companion.
I didn’t take any notice.
Give me your measurements. This
is a serious matter.
78
The road is narrow.
The garden is neat.
There is no necessity.
He was accused of murder.
There is mud on your trousers.
Will you buy a newspaper?
81
He lives in the neighbourhood.
Tell me plainly.
He is a good player.
He was particularly interested.
Pin the papers together.
There was a pile of books on the
table.
75
General II, 10
82
This verb is irregular.
What a pity!
They have plenty of money.
The picture will please you.
We had to postpone it.
Pour water in the glass.
85
I can see it plainly.
I prefer to sit.
Be prepared for war.
These are preventive
measures.
The theory was put into
practice.
She was saying her prayers.
88
What do you propose?
She needs protection.
It is not worthwhile.
His ideas are false.
There is an extra bed in the
room.
This is well expressed.
76
83
Put it in your pocket.
We don’t want poverty.
There is no possibility.
The population is unhappy.
The post-office is closed. Such
practices are forbidden.
86
The book is printed.
He was put in prison.
It seems unlikely.
Gold is a precious metal.
He is a doctor by profession.
They didn’t make a profit.
89
I am proud of you.
They are my pupils.
Put your shoes on.
Prove it.
I was here first.
There is a flood in the valley.
84
I am in his power.
We pray in church.
He gave her a present.
The air pressure is too high.
He pretended to be ill.
The postman has called.
87
No progress was made.
He promised to be here.
That is my property.
He is always punctual.
Now is the proper time.
This opinion is generally
accepted.
90
Do not quarrel.
It’s a quiet village.
There is no railway here.
This is the heart of the matter.
It is of no interest to me.
The actors were introduced to the
King.

91
Prices are rising.
I have no preference.
Their house is on fire.
There are sixty pages in the
book.
He painted a picture of her.
It’s an unpardonable
mistake.
94
Give me a piece of paper.
He is not really old.
The office is closed.
The house is opposite the
church.
This doesn’t lead us
anywhere.
The table has four legs.
97
He stood upright.
The letter is urgent.
You are late as usual.
He tried in vain.
It has no value.
The vowel is long.
I have paid his wages.
His knowledge is universal.
92
Her face was pale.
This is peculiar.
Give me your pencil.
My parents are still alive.
This is my particular
opinion.
I made a payment of ten
pounds.
95
I like oranges.
It happened outside.
I owe him twenty pounds.
You omitted a word.
I told him openly.
The output has increased.
We shall overcome the
difficulty.
98
He told me to wait.
I woke up at seven.
What’s your weight?
Your clothes are wet.
Bread is made from wheat.
You should use a whip.
He whispered in my ear.
Don’t whistle.
General II, 11
93
Be patient with the child.
She has a pet dog.
Pigs are not dirty.
The next performance is at
eight.
I couldn’t persuade him.
She often goes to the pictures.
96
Tell the truth.
Don’t trust him.
Turn out the light.
He won’t trouble you again.
Play us a tune.
That animal is ugly.
I took my umbrella.
99
Many people are wicked.
His wife is not here.
The window is open.
Birds have wings.
The book is valuable.
It is not finished yet.
You are wrong.
Wrap it up in paper.
77
General II, 12
100
He was wounded.
He worshipped his father.
I wish you were here.
He wiped his hands.
The waves are high.
It’s a waste of time.
I don’t want to go.
Please wake me up at seven.
103
He borrowed money from me.
They are both dead.
The soldiers are brave.
He made a polite bow.
The house is made of red bricks.
There are six buttons on my coat.
106
The cat caught a mouse.
I have a silver chain.
Take a piece of chalk.
The machine is out of order.
It lasted for centuries.
There is milk in the bowl.
It went on for hours.
78
101
I’m fond of walking.
She has a fine voice.
His visit was short.
Patience is a virtue.
The storm was violent.
A verb denotes an action.
She wore a veil.
That house is to let.
104
Breakfast is ready.
I can’t see it.
The sun is bright.
He paints with a brush.
The bucket is empty.
They were buried together.
There is a bird in the cage.
107
That is a noble act.
He wouldn’t admit it.
I paid in advance.
He is a man of great courage. No
one noticed his absence. There
was an accident on the railway.
I admire him very much.
102
We paid the bill.
He killed a bird.
He is always boasting.
The passengers are on board.
There are various kinds of
people.
It happened within our borders.
105
He is always busy.
The boy took off his cap.
They own three cars.
Take care of the baby.
Your calculations are wrong.
He is a careless driver.
In some cases it is true.
108
That is my affair.
I am afraid of him.
We made an agreement.
He has every advantage.
They accused him of the crime
I put an advertisement in the
paper.
Smoking is not allowed here.

109
Agriculture is important.
He is still alive.
He made me angry.
I disagree with you.
Your work is almost perfect.
The cost amounts to three
pounds.
I studied the history of Rome.
112
My aunt is not here.
Avoid the danger.
The fields are bare.
The basin is full.
They bathed in blood.
The street is narrow.
The enemy was beaten.
115
There is no choice.
The chicken is dead.
The chimney is high.
I changed my clothes.
He charged the gun.
Will you check the list?
He has a pain in the chest.
110
This is the right angle.
The arrow is sharp.
I was astonished.
The parcel has arrived.
You did not apologise.
He appears to be ill.
I don’t accept your arguments.
113
The barrel is empty.
She carries a basket.
The battle is over.
I beg your pardon.
That land belongs to me.
Lead bends easily.
She is a careful person.
116
His hands are clean.
He is very clever.
The shop was closed.
These are civilized people.
He claimed to be the owner.
The table-cloth is dirty.
She is an attractive person.
General II, 13
111
The autumn is over.
The avenue is long.
The average is six.
He attempted too much.
They will attend the meeting.
He is not attentive.
A magnet attracts iron.
114
What is beauty?
Beggars are poor.
Choose one of these.
In that case you are right.
He couldn’t catch the fly.
It’s his only chance.
I believe you are wrong.
117
It is rather cloudy.
My collar is white.
He collects stamps.
He took off his coat.
We have much in common.
His companion is ill.
He has his best clothes on.
79
General II, 14
118
He is a bad customer.
He defended himself well.
The delay was short.
I don’t like cheese.
Civilization is a good thing.
He has a great deal of money.
It’s an angle of fifty degrees.
121
He was dismissed.
The country is independent.
Columbus discovered
America. The enemy
destroyed the city.
He developed the subject.
There is a great difference.
Today is his birthday.
124
I am not conscious of it.
I consider him a fool.
The rock contains gold.
It is only a small amount.
There is no comparison
between them.
80
119
He deserves better.
He cried in despair.
The prisoners escaped.
I read it with delight.
I demand my rights.
Your garden is a desert.
Compare your notes.
122
It happened accidentally.
He disappeared an hour ago.
I have no competitor.
Why are you digging a hole?
I have many dictionaries.
Your manners disgust me.
It’s too dear.
125
The cottage is nice.
I have a cough.
He is a coward.
She is content with very little.
He continued the work.
It stands in the corner.
He counted his money.
120
The problem is difficult.
The direction is right.
You disappoint me.
Our success depends on the
weather.
We all desire happiness.
The dish contains food.
That does not apply to me.
123
He composed a speech.
It doesn’t concern me.
Connect the two wires.
He was absent from the meeting.
What do you complain about?
The men are confident.
Try it once more.
126
I am very curious.
Her hair is curled.
He began to curse.
The Court has not decided yet.
There is a crack in the floor.
This composition is bad.
She covered her face.

127
His death was cruel.
That land is cultivated.
The cupboard is open.
The air is damp.
It’s a criminal act.
There is a large crowd in the
street.
Come here, he cried.
130
He fell in the ditch.
My teeth ache.
He dived in the water.
It’s the right distance.
I can’t distinguish him from
his brother.
I admit that it is true.
The thief was caught.
128
The danger is great.
I daren’t speak.
There are no curtains.
He has travelled a great deal.
This is not customary.
He is no friend of mine.
He decided that it was too late.
131
No doubt it’s true.
He dragged his feet.
The drawer is open.
He was dressed in black.
They have different views.
Will you drive me home?
Wait till it dries.
General II, 15
129
The house is damaged.
They declared war.
It’s an evil deed.
He has lots of debts.
The Liberal Party was defeated.
He is different from you.
I don’t want to be disturbed.
132
He drowned the cat.
He beats the drum.
Ducks have wings.
He is a dull boy.
It is your duty.
I earn my living.
You don’t mean it.
We did it easily.
81
Economic II, 1
1 2
This is the wholesale price.
This policy is worthless.
The workers went on strike.
They made spectacular
progress. Industrial trusts
were formed.
He withdrew his application.
A new workshop was built.
This investment yields 5 per
cent.
4 They refused to cooperate.
He suffered no injury.
The property was
expropriated.
He is the chief executive.
They wanted to give
evidence.
Their earnings have
increased.
Their financial situation is
sound.
There is no freedom of the
press.
That undertaking was a
gamble.
7 Department.
They made an agreement.
The breed was improved.
The campaign was well
82
He examined the samples.
The population has increased.
The campaign was well
planned.
He was awarded a pension.
The parcel was sent by post.
He gave a week’s notice.
That was a considerable setback.
Part of the shipment was lost.
5 The dividends were paid out.
The firm went bankrupt.
There is a shortage of capital.
A new airline was set up.
This protects the employers.
The balance sheet was adopted.
It’s a decision of the board of
directors.
He showed me his insurance
card.
8 There is plenty of goodwill.
He has many commitments.
He is a good craftsman.
I collected all the data.
He works in the Finance
There are no transport
facilities.
The man is the head of the
household.
The rate of interest was 5 per
3
The order was cancelled.
They suffered a great deal.
He liquidated his debts.
They are short of labour.
The books were not properly kept.
I was instructed to do so.
The doctor made out a receipt.
The grain market is static.
6
The goods were delivered.
The storm did a lot of damage.
I don’t believe in economic cycles.
They refused to grant me credit.
He takes care of the correspondence.
This clause is not favourable to us.
The port of departure is Antwerp.
9
Gardening is a hobby.
He wanted to join us.
There is a label on the bottle.
The landlord was present.
All our products are on the list.
She receives a maternity allowance.
That is an occupational disease.

10
He signed the declaration.
We were paid in dollars.
That was a period of stagnation.
The production was stimulated.
Put it in the shop window.
He is the representative of the
government.
These practises are ruled out.
They have the right to choose.
13
Their turnover increased.
The size is not convenient.
There was a meeting of share-
holders.
That does not meet the require-
ments.
It can be obtained at the
secretariat.
They looked after the refugees.
All his possessions were sold.
All tariffs are abolished.
16
They supported the motion.
The farmer made a loan.
New bank notes were issued.
The industrial revolution is over.
They got help from the relief fund.
There is no excise duty.
Many workers were dismissed.
There was a meeting of employers.
11
Irrigation is not possible.
There are no import duties.
He made an offer of
settlement.
This is the purchasing
department.
He is a member of the
syndicate.
The terms are convenient.
These are the statutes of the
union.
Telecommunications are not
available.
14
The rate of interest is high.
He owns a sawmill.
He withdrew from the
organisation.
The bill is payable today.
It was approved by
parliament.
17
He was declared insolvent.
I know the exchange rate. There
will be no devaluation. Debentures
are issued. Taxation is a big
burden.
It is a community of free. Nations.
He has no authority to decide. The
wages were adjusted.
Economic II, 2
12
The revolt was suppressed.
It is the law of supply and demand.
The tendency of the market is firm.
The accounts must be verified.
Many bills are unpaid.
This trade-mark is registered.
There are a great many unemployed.
The state gives no assistance.
15
The bill has matured.
Luxuries are expensive.
Leaflets were handed out.
That is the main Issue.
An inventory was made out.
They look after his interests.
Housing conditions are bad.
He owns a hardware store.
18
The package was marked.
The finances are disorganized.
The goods are in custody.
He took a correspondence course.
That certificate has no value.
Bonds can be bought.
The conference was held in London.
He is a disabled person. 83
Economic II, 3
19
This chart is well made.
The airfield was crowded.
They have an agency in Tokyo.
A trade fair was held.
The fine amounted to twenty
pounds.
There is a flaw in the contract.
The furniture was inventorized.
Manure is spread on the fields.
22
The cargo is insured.
They claimed damages.
The manager was dismissed.
Rural roads are bad.
The site is suitable.
He renewed his subscription.
Can you give me a tip?
There is a close relationship.
25
The partners collaborated.
The pound collapsed.
The deed was read out.
The registration fees are high.
He is a building contractor.
That contributed to our success.
Our money has depreciated.
The current economic
development.
84
20
He has free admission.
The accounts were examined.
It’s only an approximation.
That is an interesting case.
They resumed the negotiations.
The merger was a success.
The partnership was dissolved.
Women want equal pay.
23
I can read a graph.
It’s against the law.
Railway transport is cheap.
The amalgamation is a success.
That is a new branch of the bank.
The allocation is not sufficient.
The country receives foreign aid.
There is a constant improvement.
26
The defect is hidden.
The consumption increased.
The undertaking was a failure.
The term has expired.
A bank finances the project.
There is a gap in your knowledge.
The power is concentrated.
Deflation measures were introduced.
21
He collected the money.
He keeps his engagements.
I only glanced at the headlines.
These are the peak hours.
There is a fixed premium.
The packaging is secure.
A series of measures were taken.
The stock is running low.
24
The legislation is different.
There is a fixed quota.
The plane takes off at seven.
The national debt has increased.
These coins are made of copper.
Only adults are allowed in.
He offered no explanation.
Mankind is exploited.
27
He joined the federation.
The firm went bankrupt.
These are contraband goods.
Trade is in a healthy state.
The goods were displayed.
The fine amounted to twenty pounds.
They were given financial aid.
He is in business for himself.

28
There was no contestation.
The dispute was settled.
They made no concessions.
We want a concrete example.
There was a lack of funds.
I was allowed a discount.
He is not eligible.
Their financial policy is
dangerous.
31
Correct the errors.
The capital is amortized.
The amount is deductible.
He keeps in the background.
The cashier made a mistake.
He is the highest bidder.
He applied for a licence.
The defence expenditure is
too high.
34
Pay to bearer.
Cereals are exported.
This is a valuable asset.
It’s an association of
producers?
Herbicides may be dangerous.
Their currency was devalued.
Their efforts are coordinated.
Forward the goods to this
address.
29
The conditions are the same.
The entrance is blocked.
Divorces are not allowed.
These commodities are cheap.
They bought new equipment.
The cost was estimated.
There is heavy competition.
They didn’t obtain any compensa-
tion.
32
He made a bid.
The candidate was elected.
He sent in his application.
The boycott was a success.
There were many casualties.
Birth-control is necessary.
That is artificial leather.
The shareholders received a
bonus.
35
There is a shortage of food.
The costs are high.
It’s a big holding company.
Fill up the form, please.
Belgium is a member country.
The hostilities were resumed.
He paid in foreign currency.
That is a materialistic ideology.
Economic II, 4
30
He is in command.
He found no employment.
A dividend was distributed.
That is the main drawback.
He got medical care.
It is an export cartel.
The miners went on strike.
Two candidates were eliminated.
33
Lenin was a revolutionary.
He dialled the number.
This is a sound foundation.
It is shown on the diagram.
What is your telephone number?
I am in favour of automation.
He was awarded a medal.
Their contribution was important.
36
There was no controversy.
The highways are dangerous.
It’s a closed corporation.
He is the founder of the company.
A pact was concluded.
The framework is of aluminium.
The packing is inadequate.
They have no freedom of choice.
85
Economic II, 5
37
There is the customs office.
He lent me the money.
The parity is fixed.
New capital was levied.
His liabilities are limited.
I had no part in the plan.
He is an importer of paper.
A relief fund was set up.
40
Immigration was restricted.
He applied for a patent.
We have no export permit.
It is a periodical publication.
They presented a petition.
The miners refused to work.
The mean temperature is thirty
degrees.
There is no extra postage.
43
The showroom is empty.
The subvention was granted.
Your passport is not valid.
There is a regression of trade.
He speculates on the Stock
Exchange.
Great quantities were sold.
They want a classless society.
This is a stockholders’ meeting.
86
38
These goods are fragile.
The price level is high.
He did it on an impulse.
The partnership was dissolved.
He belongs to our party.
We have an export licence.
There are two million inhabitants.
They took the inland route.
41
We have received an invitation.
The invoice was not dated.
Six nations are united.
Capital movement is necessary.
That is a multilateral agreement.
New bank notes have been issued.
The lease is renewable.
He is in a difficult position.
44
The taxes were refunded.
They refused any payment.
Your observations are right.
He can operate that machine.
The country of origin is France.
That is a welfare state.
Securities can be sold.
This obviates disturbances.
39
The participants are here.
Accidents are frequent.
He can drive a lorry.
There was a period of transition.
We pay by instalments.
They are a family of politicians.
My own means are small.
The mortality rate is high.
42
The rate of interest is high.
Investigations were made.
Your resignation is accepted.
There is a new research programme.
The project was a failure.
There is a slump in business.
You are wanted on the telephone.
He occupies a prominent position.
45
The whole staff was dismissed.
The output was increased.
The president made a statement.
The rebellion was repressed.
Supermarkets are popular.
The manager wants to resign.
This is the title of property.
He has rendered many services.
A rebate was granted.
 Economic II, 6
46
The risk was spread.
The letter was registered.
They produce cotton.
That is the economic sector. This
is a new source of power. The
reconstruction has started. There
is a shortage of labour.
He made a quick recovery.
Give me a specimen of your
signature.

87
Scientific & Technical II, 1
1 2
Alcohol is volatile.
Most cars have defects.
These experiments are useless.
Benzine evaporates easily.
Wounds don't always bleed.
The impurities are removed.
Our atmosphere contains
oxygen.
Air bubbles came to the
surface.
4 5
The fuel is pulverized.
The bolts are loose.
The diameter is three
centimetres.
The oil reduces the friction.
There is no fuel in the tank.
Fungi are simple plants.
This disease is infectious.
The generator produces
electricity.
7 8
The heat is absorbed.
Those springs are adjustable.
The satellite is in orbit.
Larvae are often transparent.
Chickens eat maize.
Hydrogen reacts with oxygen.
Two hundred volts is too much.
A stone is not a living
organism.
88
The seats are adjustable.
This barometer is reliable.
The filings are thrown away.
Acids irritate the skin.
The pistons must be replaced.
The drain was choked up.
The wound should be dressed.
Give me the equivalent in
centimetres.
The cartridge is empty.
The tube is perforated.
A lathe is a machine tool.
A microscope magnifies objects.
Neutrons are uncharged
particles.
Iron may oxidize.
Britain exports pottery.
The engine is running at full
power.
The crank shaft is broken.
This equation is true.
Iron ore is exported.
This porcelain is glazed.
That is a foolproof method.
The age can be estimated.
There is an interval of ten
minutes.
There are twenty revolutions per
second.
3
An anvil is heavy.
The combustion proceeds.
Earthenware is porous.
The sail is made of canvas.
The wheel consists of two parts.
That corresponds to the description.
He cannot read a diagram.
This food is hard to digest.
6
This chisel is
sharp.
An eagle has
claws.
Volcanoes vomit lava.
Nerves conduct impulses.
That surface is not plane.
Parasites are undesirable.
This flower has four petals.
There are three classes of
levers.
9
Resins are insoluble.
The liver secretes bile.
Alcohol emits vapours.
Most fish have scales.
A whale is a large mammal.
The piston displaces the water.
A dynamo generates electricity.
The structure of the molecules is

10
Salt absorbs water.
This is the right gauge. Research is
still proceeding. The two machines
are similar. There is no factory in
this area. He was shot in the arm.
Very hard steel is brittle.
He has a bruise on his arm.
13
The metal cools off.
The initial velocity is low.
The final velocity is high.
The exhaust gases are dangerous.
The engine runs at a low speed.
This involves extra cost.
The factory was severely damaged.
The temperature affects the
resistance.
16
This is granular soil.
The inlet valve is open.
The air pressure is strong.
The resonance is increased.
This is a good example.
Put the coin in the slot. Calculate
the brake horse power.
The spindle rotates at high speed.
11
Steam retains heat.
Many rivers are polluted.
That is the core of the problem. The
efficiency was increased. These
factors must be considered.
A transistor radio is compact.
The load can be estimated.
The oil is submitted to treatment.
14
The fuel is atomized.
The piston goes up and down.
The switch is not accessible.
The oil lubricates the bearing.
The electrodes are connected.
The molecular structure is different.
The needle has a hole in it.
I don’t like this project.
17
The fuel is pulverized.
A sheet is a thin plate.
The proton is positively charged.
The bearing supports the axle.
This material has special properties.
The losses are negligible.
You can relieve the stresses.
The average temperature is ten
degrees.
Scientific & Technical II, 2
12
This protects the workers.
The train slows down.
A new method was introduced.
Bearings reduce friction.
The loss of pressure is compensated.
These are normal working conditions.
His performance is remarkable.
There is no filament in the lamp.
15
Crude oil is imported.
This ensures rapid cooling.
Uranium atoms are fissile.
The grate is made of cast iron.
Steam emerges from the nozzle.
Two distinct methods are adopted.
A soldered joint is not strong.
The sleeve slides up and down.
18
The boiler was replaced.
The risk is reduced.
This is a four-stroke engine.
This type offers several advantages.
There are many varieties of bridges. The
dimensions must be accurate. The
temperature is above normal. This was a
new means of transport.
89
Scientific & Technical II, 3
19
The suction decreases.
This machine is versatile.
That is the maximum speed.
The moisture content is high.
That is not likely to happen.
They use superheated steam.
The low cost is an advantage.
The rate of production is high.
20
An explosion will occur.
The molten iron is hot.
Workers should avoid this.
There is a reduction of speed.
This keeps the pressure down.
The machine needs to be
repaired.
The fuel consumption is high.
That is the function of the
springs.
21
In summer the temperature rises.
In winter the temperature drops.
The boiling point is one hundred
degrees.
The freezing point is zero degrees.
The weather conditions are bad.
A magnetic force is induced.
The water is converted into steam.
This must be taken into account.

23
22
The maintenance is simple.
That apparatuses complicated. The
Tests must be performed.
fuel is ignited.
The stocks are diminishing.
This factor must be considered.
The tank contains ten gallons.
That is not likely to occur.
Uranium emits radiation.
This is the basis of his theory.
I have all the necessary data.
Some molecules will dissociate.
The diameter of the tube is
The industrial potential is great.
small.
This machine differs from the
A hole is bored in the soil.
other.

90

1 2
Thank you for your advice.
They agreed upon the agenda.
He made all the arrangements.
Their attempt failed.
His application was rejected.
The account was audited.
Look at the back of the page.
They appointed him to be
chairman.
4 5
They have agreed to come.
The passage was cancelled.
They came to an arrangement.
I couldn’t attend the meeting.
You should ask my colleague.
These are approved methods.
Perfect agreement is impossible.
An announcement will be made
next week.
7 8
Mr. Smith was in the chair.
The treaty was signed in Paris.
Their demands are exaggerated.
That will be discussed later.
They have made a big effort.
Expense is no object.
That is the main difficulty.
Please don’t disturb the meeting.
The item was placed on the
agenda.
They came to an agreement.
He requested the floor.
There is no expert available.
It was decided by voting.
I beg permission to speak.
He is a member of the board.
You are not authorized to do
so.
They achieved no results.
The meeting was short.
No alterations were made.
He asked for compensation.
We shall come to your aid.
He is a member of the
commission.
I have no comment to make.
We must confine ourselves to
the agenda.
Two committees were set up.
Follow the directions.
Can I keep these documents?
You are in error, Sir.
The contract expires tomorrow
We come now to item nine.
His statement was confirmed.
That will facilitate the work of
the secretary.
Conference Terminology II, 1
3
May I have your attention please?
Do you approve?
We shall now fix the agenda.
I call upon Mr. Smith.
They claim damages.
They brought in a new project.
How do you account for that?
It is an article of our constitution.
6
His statement is ambiguous.
The annual report is ready.
Fill in the application form.
The order was cancelled.
They lodged a complaint.
Mr. Smith took the chair.
He aims at perfection.
My conclusion is the same as yours.
9
The chairman spoke first.
She is a member of the committee.
I am in favour of the amendment.
The final report is before us.
Nobody has asked to speak.
There was much confusion.
It’s in the public interest.
There always seems to be a lack of
time. 91
Conference Terminology II. 2
10
He refused the chair.
These conditions are not
required.
Many problems were discussed.
Mr. Smith took the floor first.
Our decision is final.
We should have more confid-
ence.
A committee will be established.
They did not take part in the
debate.
13
The basic idea is this.
That is your point of view.
Forgive my interrupting.
That is a legitimate conclusion.
He is liable for the debt.
They lodged an objection. What’s
the meaning of this?
The secretary will read the
minutes.
16
Their intervention was useless.
We have no power to act.
They put forward a new project.
They voted by proxy.
The treaty was ratified.
The interpreter cannot follow. He
is a recognized authority.
I take it that the minutes are
approved.
92
11
Will you consider that?
I voted for the amendment.
It is a lawful practice.
We shall do so in future.
The meeting is going well.
He is the legitimate owner.
The motion was defeated.
We are waiting for the final
report.
14
It’s in our own interest.
Their management is sound.
The motion was carried.
This is the order of the day.
All the participants agreed.
The chairman spoke first.
They voted by roll-call.
There is nothing left to be
discussed.
17
We cannot accept your
proposals.
We have a right to vote.
He raised an objection.
They refused to collaborate.
Your suggestion is interesting.
We want your support.
They have signed the treaty.
Mr. Smith was the first to speak.
12
This is the gist of the matter.
We’ll come to that later.
They acted as mediators.
The interim report is ready.
Thank you for your hospitality.
We have attended all his
lectures.
The agenda cannot be modified.
It was only a small misunderstanding,
15
His lectures are interesting.
Do not take offence.
We’ll put that in order.
All the members were present.
He has accepted the presidency.
It was a private meeting.
That project is not practicable.
It was decided during the first
session.
18
The regulations are strict.
The report was very valuable.
Many countries were represented.
You have no right to vote.
The minister then rose.
They voted by show of hands.
Mr. Smith asked to speak.
Their names should be suppressed.

19
The president spoke next.
I second the motion.
He tendered his resignation.
I call upon the treasurer.
We had a lot of trouble.
He is not trustworthy.
They made an urgent request.
The translation is not
authoritative.
22
It is a matter of life and death.
The amendment is in order.
I agree about the cost.
Let us be content with that.
We have too little time.
I shall say no more at present.
We need to make a decision.
It is in accordance with our
principles.
25
Item three is of especial
importance.
We have lost the contract.
It's the fault of the experts.
They cannot blame us for it.
We shall need a new treasurer.
That settles the question.
Is there any other business.
That settles the agenda.
20
The speaking time is limited.
I shall talk to the minister
about it.
We have all read the report.
You can trust him.
Our treasurer will now report.
That is the usual procedure.
We shall take a second vote.
What are your views on the
matter?
23
A decision is urgent.
Item four has been dealt with.
Cost is only one aspect.
Is the scheme feasible?
I couldn't agree more.
Not all members are present.
I emphatically protest.
They have proposed another
scheme.
26
Our plan may be a success.
These dangers are imaginary.
This is more than a coincidence.
We are wrong on that issue.
I'm sorry but I don't agree.
Forgive my interrupting.
Your decision is not wise.
We all understand your point.
Conference Terminology II, 3
21
They were outvoted.
We shall consider your views.
I question that.
Call the next witness.
No amendments were made.
That is the wisest plan.
The budget was voted down.
Here is the agenda for the
conference-
24
The scheme is uneconomic.
I second the amendment.
The application is refused.
I accept your apology.
We are all agreed on that item.
It was decided in my absence.
Has item five been dealt with?
It is not as simple as it seems.
27
Mr. Smith, the floor is yours.
We are basically in agreement.
His help is very valuable.
Where is it all taking us?
What is our final goal?
I advise you not to accept.
My assistant will be present.
The secretary does a wonderful
job. 93
Conference Terminology II, 4
28
We greatly appreciate your help.
His appointment was cancelled.
We do not approve of those
measures.
They appointed a mediator.
Your objection is valid.
The assembly adopted the agenda.
Attendance was numerous.
A roll-call was taken.
31
He was dismissed from his post.
The question is still under
discussion.
They will draw up a new contract.
His election was unexpected.
All his endeavours failed.
I feel reasonably sure.
A date has not yet been fixed.
Their distrust was noticeable.
34
They only sent an observer.
The opening session begins at nine.
His observations were not welcome.
They were informed orally.
There was an overwhelming
majority.
The required quorum is forty.
It does not show on the records.
These are the ordinary proceedings.
94
29
They want me to mediate.
That is not the right attitude.
This will be made legal.
We are late with the agenda.
This offer is not binding.
He boosted the project.
The meeting was interrupted.
Another meeting was called.
32
I take it as an insult.
You should seek legal advice.
Their liability is not certain.
All the listeners protested.
Let there be no misunderstanding.
Invitations will be sent out.
You’ll be notified in due time.
That is the purpose of our
intervention.
35
I shall never permit it.
The case was re-opened.
Your request is granted.
Let’s stick to the facts.
Everything is right now.
They have no sense of duty.
That place is not suitable.
This is in recognition of your
long service.
30
I question his capacity.
That goes against our statutes.
This demands an immediate answer.
He is the deputy chairman.
I’m sorry I must disapprove.
Some discipline is necessary.
He nominated me as his successor.
An arbitration committee was set up.
33
We had a long discussion.
I feel he is the right person.
We have no authority to do that.
Our first impression was right.
They only had an informal discussion.
We shall take the initiative.
The vote was declared invalid.
He was nominated for the
presidency.
36
Nothing is settled yet.
It is mentioned in paragraph 5.
Twenty witnesses were summoned.
Give us a survey of the situation.
They want to terminate the contract.
That was the preceding topic.
There is not enough time for that.
His application was turned down.
 Conference Terminology, II, 5
37
It was unanimously decided.
They made a verbal agreement.
This is the new version of the contract.
Let’s proceed to the vote.
We have a written statement.
There is no truth in it at all.
We shall not accept any amendments.
His suggestion was warmly welcomed.

95
STAGE III

1 What’s the time? It is eight. It was seven. It will be nine. Now
the time is twelve. It was eleven. It will be one. The two hands
are at twelve now.
3 A clock has no nose. It has no eyes. It has no mouth.
It has two hands. The long hand is between 1 and 2.
One is before two. Two is between one and three.
Three is after two and two is after one.
5 His name is John Smith. He is at the door of his house. He has
his hand in his pocket. He takes a key from his pocket. He puts
the key in the lock of the door. He gives a turn to the key. He
gives a push to the door.
The door is open now.
7 The apple was on the branch. Mary pul her hand up.
She took the apple. She put it in a basket. Then she put the
basket down. She is going to take the basket home and eat
the apples.
9 We make cheese from milk. We get milk from cows. We make
butter from milk. We keep the butter with the milk and the
cheese in the refrigerator. We do not keep the bread in the
refrigerator. We keep it in the bread bin.
11 Mr Smith is in Antwerp. He writes a card to Mrs Smith. There is
a stamp on the card. On one side of the card is a picture of the
harbour. Mrs Smith’s name and street and town are on the right
hand side of the card. Mrs Smith’s town is in Great Britain.
Elementary III, 1
2 What’s the time? It is two. It was one. It will be three. Now it is
four. It was three. It will be five.
4 John took the key from the lock. He put the key in his pocket. He
went into the house. He is in the house now. The door is shut.
The window is open.
6 Mr Smith came into the room. He went to the table. He put his
hat on the table. It is on the table now. He went out of the room
through the door.
8 The water in the kettle is boiling. Steam comes out of it.
The air over the flame is very warm too. It goes up. The air
under the flame is not very warm.
10 There are different sorts of people. There are different sorts of
plants. There are different sorts of animals. Cows and sheep and
pigs and horses and goats are animals. In my garden there are
different sorts of plants. The sun and rain make the plants grow.
12 The sun comes up in the east. The sun goes down in the west. It comes
up every morning. It goes down every night. Today the sun is
coming up at five past eight. The sun goes down at twenty to six. It
comes up at five to seven.
97
 Elementary III, 2
13 There are twenty-four hours in one day. Two and two
make four. Three and five make eight. What do five and
six make? Do they make ten or eleven or twelve? The
answer is eleven. Three times eight are twenty-four.
15 Sixty seconds make a minute. Sixty minutes make an hour.
Twenty-four hours make a day. One hour is less than two
hours. Fifteen minutes make a quarter of an hour. Thirty
minutes make half an hour. Forty-five minutes make
three quarters of an hour.
17 The moon is near the earth. The earth is a long way
from the sun. The moon is smaller than the earth.
Some of the stars are much larger than the sun. They
are much farther away than the sun. The nearest star
is over four light years from the earth. A light year is
the distance which light goes in a year.
19 The man has an umbrella. He has it over his head. It is
open. Water is coming down from the sky. The water is
rain. Rain is wet. Snow is wet too but it is colder.
21 Yesterday the weather was good. The sun was bright. The
air was warm. Today the weather is bad. The rain is
coming down and the wind is blowing. It is cold and the
rain makes us wet.
98
14 In the North the earth is cold in winter. The wind is cold.
Snow comes down from the sky. There are no leaves on the
trees. There is ice over the water. The days are short. In
the north, the earth and air are warm in the summer.
There are leaves on the trees. The days are long. There is
no ice or snow.
16 In one hour a man can go four kilometres. A woman can go
six kilometres. He is slow, she is quick. She is quicker than
he is. He is slower than she is. Trains travel faster than
people. Aeroplanes travel faster than trains.
18 The boy is on a branch of a tree. He has six apples in hi
hands. He throws the six apples away. He throws one
apple north, another apple south, another east and
another west. He throws another apple down. He has
thrown five apples in five directions.
20 Yesterday there were no clouds in the sky. The sun was
bright. Today there are dark clouds in the sky. They come
between us and the sun. The dark clouds keep the light of
the sun from us.
22 Tomorrow the weather may be worse. It may be very cold.
All the water may be ice. Snow may be coming down and
make everything white. Or tomorrow the weather may be
better. The sun may be bright again. The air may be warm
and the streets may be dry again.

23 The farmer keeps money in the bank. He gets money from
the bank. He has an account with his bank. The account
says how much money he has in the bank. Farming and
keeping accounts are two different sorts of work.
25 I have ten new pence. You have a hundred new pence. He
has a thousand pounds. He has more money than we
have. You have more money than I have. He has the
most money.
27 I have a book in my hands. It was on the shelf with the
other books. It was between the other books before I
took it from the shelf. Now I am putting it on the shelf
again. It was in my hand. It is with the other books
again.
29 Iron is harder than wood. Wood is harder than bread.
Bread is harder than butter. The boy is not as strong as
the man. I am not the strongest man in the world. But
31 John took a bottle of wine from the shelf. He took the
cork out with the corkscrew. Now he is putting the wine
in the wine glasses. There is wine in one glass. There is
no wine in the other glass.
Elementary III, 3
24 Some animals have brains. A horse has some brains. A
monkey has more brains. A man has the most brains of
the three. Some people have no brains at all. Some
animals have more brains than people.
26 My nose is between my eyes. It is between my eyes and my
mouth. My mouth is under my nose. The light is over the
table. The dog is under the table. The clock is on the wall.
It is above the bookshelves. The bookshelves are under
the clock.
28 All men and women and boys and girls have bodies. A
baby has a body. A dog has a body. It has four legs and a
head and a tail. It has no arms or hands but it has feet.
Its head, its body, its legs and its tail are all parts of its
body.
30 There are twenty-four hours in every day. The sun comes
up and goes down every day. The earth is turning round.
The earth goes round the sun in a year. There are 365
days in a year. 365 days make a year. There are seven
days in a week. There are twelve months in a year. There
are fifty-two weeks in a year.
32 We keep the milk in the refrigerator. The air in the
refrigerator is cold. The thick walls keep the heat of the
room out of the refrigerator. They keep the heat from the
milk. The cold air keeps the milk fresh.
99
Elementary III, 4
33 Mrs. Smith is sending her children to school. They are getting
a sound education. They get some of it at school and they
get some of it from their parents. Mrs. Smith often takes a
look at their work. It is very good work.
35 In the spring the days get longer. Every day is longer than the
day before. The leaves come out on the trees. Plants come
up out of the earth. Flowers come out on the plants. In
autumn the days get shorter than the day before.
Tomorrow will be shorter than today.
37 The man has a box in his hand. It is eight centimetres long
and four centimetres high. The box is smaller than the
man. The room is six metres long and five metres wide and
three metres high. The room is larger than the box.
39 We may go on our feet from one place to another. Or we may
go in a car. We may take a train or an aeroplane or a
carriage drawn by a horse. Whatever we do, the distance
remains the same.
41 Salt has a sharp taste. Sugar has a sweet taste. To the eye
salt and sugar seem alike. But to the tongue they are
very different. Their taste is very different.
100
34 Yesterday the sun came up at seven minutes past
five. The sun went down at nineteen past eight.
Today the sun came up at 8 past 5. And will go
down at 21 past 8.
36 1760 yards make a mile. In half a mile there are 880
yards. Miles, yards, feet and inches are measures
of distance. So are centimetres, metres and
kilometres. A horse can move faster than a sheep.
A car can travel faster than a boat. Three
kilometres make two miles.
38 A train may go at 150 kilometres per hour. An
aeroplane may go at 480 kilometres per hour.
Trains and aeroplanes are different sorts of
transport. Cars and horses and carriages are
other sorts of transport Aeroplanes, trains, ships,
cars and carriages take us from one place to
another.
40 Ottawa, Paris and New York are cities. The government of
Canada is in Ottawa. The government of the United
States is in Washington. The government of Mexico in
Mexico City. The distance from Ottawa to Mexico City is
about 5300 kilometres. The distance between New York
and Los Angeles is nearly 4000 kilometres.
42 Noises and songs are sounds. They are the effects of
waves in the air. These waves come to our ears and
brains. They have effects in our ears and brains.
Those effects are sounds.

43 We see things with our eyes. We see the sizes and colour of
things. Sometimes things seem to our eyes greater or
smaller than they are. They are not what they seem.
45 The nearest star is over four light years from the earth. Some of
the stars are very much farther. The farthest stars are
thousands of light years from us. The sun is farther from us
than the moon.
47 We get salt from the sea. We also get salt from salt mines. There
is salt in the earth and also in the water of the sea. Some
mines are deep. They go far down in the earth.
49 Thick clothing keeps us warm. It keeps us warmer than thin
clothing. Thick cloth retains air between the threads. The air
does not let the heat escape. A thick roof keeps the heat of a
house in. A thin roof lets the heat escape. A thick roof keeps
the heat of the sun out, too.
51 Men are making new discoveries every day.
Columbus discovered America in 1492. Columbus went to
America by ship. A great discovery was lire. Fire is of very
great use to us. It provides heat. Another great discovery
was the wheel. Wheels are round. They are very useful to
man.
Elementary III, 5
44 The sun sends out light. The light goes out from the sun in every
direction. The light goes about
300,000 kilometres in a second. Without light from the
sun, nothing would live on the earth.
46 Steam comes from boiling water. Smoke comes from fire. Fire,
the wheel and clothing were three great discoveries. Cars,
bicycles and trains go on wheels.
We get wood from trees.
48 There is more water in the sea than in a river. Cotton is the hair
round the seeds of the cotton plant. We get silk from the
silkworm. We make cloth from thread and clothing from
cloth.
50 The making of cloth was a great development. With cloth we
make clothing. We make cloth of thread. We make thread
from wool, cotton and silk. We get wool from sheep.
52 Wool is the thick warm hair of sheep. Men cut the wool off the
sheep's back with shears. We get cotton from the cotton plant.
Cotton is the soft white hair round the seeds of the plant. We
get silk from the silkworm. This worm makes a soft strong
thread of silk and wraps it round itself like a coat.
101
Elementary III, 6
53 To a good swimmer swimming is a pleasure. The heat of the
sun on the skin is a pleasure. Things which give us
pleasure have an attraction for us. But it is not the same
sort of attraction as the attraction between the earth and
the moon.
55 The earth is in motion. The moon goes round the earth.
Gravitation is the force of attraction between any two
particles of matter. The attraction between two bodies
gets smaller as they go further from one another.
57 All bodies have an attraction for one another. If the bodies
are great, the attraction between them is great. If the
bodies are small, the attraction is small. If the bodies go
further from one another the attraction gets smaller.
59 This boy is about twelve years old. He goes to bed at eight
every night. He gets up every morning at seven. He puts
his clothes on. He says “Good morning” to his parents
and takes his place at the table. At school he sees his
friends and he does his work. He keeps his thoughts on
his work. He does not let his thoughts go off to other
things. Then he comes back from school.
102
54 The distance round the earth is 39,800 kilometres. The
diameter of the earth is 12,600 kilometres. The moon is
384,000 kilometres from the earth. The distance of the sun
from the earth is about 150 million kilometres. The
diameter of the sun is 1,382,000 kilometres.
56 Gravitation is the force which causes an apple to fall to
the ground. It does so because there is an attraction
between the two bodies. The attraction between them
makes the apple fall. All bodies which have weight
have an attraction for one another. A scale is an
instrument for measuring weight. Watches and clocks
are instruments for measuring time.
58 In 1944 a scientist made a discovery. Changes in the heat
which comes from the sun are one cause of change in the
weather. He made this discovery by measuring the heat
which comes to the earth every day from the sun. The
amount of heat is different from day to day. On some days
the sun sends more heat to the earth. On other days it
sends less heat to the earth.
60 This is an experiment with three basins. The basin on the
right contains warm water. The basin on the left contains
cold water. The basin in the middle contains water which
is neither cold nor warm. I am putting my hands in the
basins at the sides. One of my hands is in cold water, the
other is in warm water. I keep them there for a time. Now
I am putting them together in the middle basin where the
water is neither cold nor warm. This water seems warm to
one hand and cold on the other. It is the same water but it
seems cold and warm at the same time. That is because
one hand was in warm water and the other in cold water
before I out them in the middle basin.

61 Our ideas come to us through our senses. Seeing, hearing,
touching, tasting and smelling are ways through which
we get knowledge. Knowledge is very important. It is
important in itself, and it is important as a way to other
things. A man who has no knowledge is of no use to
other men.
Elementary III, 7
62 But we have more than five senses. Our sense of motion is
another. Here is a chair which goes round and round. A man is
in the chair. He is going round and round. At first he has a
feeling that he is in motion. He has the feeling that he is going
round. The chair with the man in it keeps on turning round at
the same rate. It does not go quicker and it does not go slower.
After a time the man has a feeling that he is not in motion. But
there is no change in the rate at which the chair is turning. It is
going round the same number of times a minute. After a time
the man seems to himself to be at rest. He is like all the men
and women on the earth. We are all turning round all the time
with the earth but we seem to ourselves to be at rest. We have
no feeling that we are in motion because the rate of turning is
constant.
10 3
General III, 1
1 2 3
According to Smith it is true. This is the right course to adopt. He agreed to give it a trial.
He opened an account at the bank. I am I didn’t put forward that suggestion. It’s a wonder he is still alive.
not accustomed to the cold. The bill I’m afraid we are late. There’s no need to lose your temper. They
became an Act. This is the Remington Typewriter allowed 10 per cent off for cash. There is a
He actually had the impudence to Agency. great deal of anxiety about the future.
blame me. We aim at perfection.

5 6
4 I approve of your choice. She is a cautious person.
I am annoyed about it. He argues by the hour. There was an animal in the cave.
You owe me an apology. They engaged a long argument. I don't see the connection.
One shouldn’t judge by appearances. The question did not arise. The meeting broke up in confusion.
They applauded by clapping. They bargained with him. My conscience tells me that it is wrong.
We apply the law to this case. His behaviour was exemplary.

7 8
The matter is still under consideration. He crashed through the fence.
It’s a great convenience to have a car. The crop is ruined.
It’s for the council to decide. The current events have proved it to
She covered her confusion by laughing. be true.
He broke the appointment. There is a bend in the road.
They crushed the enemy.
It’s true to a degree.
9
He paid damages for breach of contract. He
is a difficult man to deal with.
In old age our powers decay.
He tried to deceive me.
We are all descended from Adam.

104

10
The sales are decreasing.
The next postal delivery is at two
o’clock.
This book is in great demand.
He doesn’t answer the
description.
When he saw the destruction, he
wept.
13
He was appointed to be
headmaster.
A meeting was arranged.
This will cheer him up.
He is a cheat.
Serious results may arise from
this.
He claimed to be paid his wages.
16
The audience disagreed.
I awoke to the danger.
He made awkward attempts.
He is a prominent member of our
society.
He made the best of it.
He behaved very bravely.
11
I am determined to go.
Men are judged not by what they say
but how they act.
My aim is to prevent trouble.
He is a very annoying person.
He applauded the idea.
14
I'll do as I want.
His hair is cut close.
His voice is coarse.
There is a meeting of the Chamber of
Commerce.
These coins are made of gold.
This will cause a great deal of
inconvenience.
17
She gave birth to a child.
There was a meeting of the Board.
He was a bold leader.
There is no strict boundary
between right and wrong.
This is the local branch of the bank.
G en e r a l I I I , 2
12
You must make allowance for my illness.
It would be a pleasure.
There is no practical application of this
discovery.
I don't agree with the minutes of the last
meeting.
15
Street sellers compete with the shops.
Those concerned should be punished.
I confess I don’t like your brother.
She looked confused.
He avoided signing the document.
18
The handle is made of brass.
He was bribed.
He is a bright boy.
They hid in the bush.
He gave her a bunch of flowers. He is a
very busy man.
Cast all your cares aside.
1 05
General III, 3
19
The bridge has been designed to
carry heavy traffic.
The railway carriage is empty.
They brought a case against him.
Cattle are not allowed to graze there.
It’s a chance meeting.
22
He encouraged the men by his
speech.
I enjoyed reading the book.
He entertained us with the story.
These were his exact words.
The rate of exchange is not
favourable.
25
Prices were firm.
There was a flash of lightning.
He is in the flower of his youth.
She made a fool of herself.
The doctor advised me to take more
exercise.
The light faded.
106
20
The problem should be approached
with caution.
There is a chain of mountains in the
South.
I’d give anything for a change.
New ideas are always born.
He takes things easy.
23
You needn’t become excited.
You must take more exercise.
These are the northern limits of the
town.
I expect to be paid.
They made extensive purchases of
wheat.
26
His speech didn’t excite interest.
Do you have a bank account?
The play was well acted.
You should make allowances for
future developments.
He was refused admission.
21
He was charged with the crime. He
stood on the edge of the cliff. The
crop failed.
The Roman Empire has vanished. He
employs a thousand men.
This is an empty threat.
24
His wife was unfaithful.
This hat is out of fashion.
That is the fate of empires.
He favours a moderate policy.
It’s an awful nuisance.
Fix a time to settle the matter.
27
The figures don’t agree.
He fired without aiming.
They made arrangements for the
funeral.
He applied for the job.
The plot was discovered.
The disease was prevented.

28
They deal in finished goods.
It’s the law of supply and demand.
He is a man of great determination.
The latest developments are
unfavourable.
They made a lot of difficulties.
31
Trade is dull at the moment.
He was eager to do his best.
You can’t be in earnest.
This will ease your mind.
This is contrary to my expectations.
He exploded with rage.
34
Control your temper.
There is a gradual improvement.
Corn can be ground into flour.
I happened to meet him.
He is on his guard.
I should imagine he’s about forty.
He has hardly any money.
37
Instead of walking, he ran.
Leave the cat inside.
He has signed the insurance policy
I intend to stay here.
He won’t stand any interference.
29
The oars were dipping in the water.
He gave no directions for filling
the form.
Dismiss the thought from your
mind.
He distinguished himself in the war.
32
The garden extends as far as the
river.
Fruit is grown extensively here.
Our efforts ended in failure.
He looked favourably on the plan. He
is a frequent visitor.
35
He came to harm.
He hit the ball hard.
However you do it, the result is the
same.
It is my humble opinion.
The machine is running idle.
He is in an ill temper.
38
He was given a letter of introduction.
That is an electric iron.
The two roads join at the church.
A man should be judged by his deeds.
He used plain language.
General III, 4
30
He belongs to the senior part of the school.
He dragged behind the others.
Follow the dotted line.
I doubt his honesty.
His voice was drowned by the noise.
33
The gain is greater than the loss.
The engine needs a litre of oil.
There is a gap in your knowledge.
We do not need a go-between.
The prisoner was found guilty.
36
He is less intelligent than I had imagined. Trade
has improved lately.
It measures 2 centimetres by 4 centimetres. The
price includes postage.
He inquired into the cause of the accident.
39
You’d better keep it.
To my knowledge, he has been there twice.
We are missing the necessary materials.
He went sailing on the lake.
His uncle is a Justice of the Peace.
107
General III, 5
40
How long is this performance
going to last?
I haven’t seen him lately.
Leave it to me.
He asked the government for a
loan
You can get board and lodging
here.
43
He gave her claim preference.
He has a prejudice against modern
poetry.
I made all the necessary preparations.
The present representative is absent.
This book is out of print.
46
The train ran off the rails.
Prevention is better than cure.
I was paid partly in bank notes.
The bill will not pass.
This work only needs care and
patience.
108
41
He did justice to her.
He is a man of sound judgement.
The omission is important.
The law was passed through the
Assembly.
He pointed his gun at me.
44
It was all just a pretence.
There is nothing to prevent him from
coming.
Discipline must be preserved.
The South of France produces wine.
They took prompt action.
47
We should follow that example.
Many bills are still unpaid.
This is of particular interest to me.
I don’t care what people say.
He has great powers of persuasion.
42
This is a polished piece of writing.
I own 150 acres of land.
This is beyond my power.
Practise what you preach.
And what, pray, is the reason for
this?
45
He has profited from the business.
Such measures would be improper.
The proposal was approved.
He took pride in his invention.
They were provided with warm clothes.
48
I had no time to pick and choose.
It's a fine piece of furniture.
The money continues to pile up.
I am pinning my faith on you.
This hall is licenced for public
performances.

49
That’s not the point.
He owns a lot of land.
He went in the opposite direction.
One should provide against accidents.
He should be punished severely.
52
She held on to the wooden railing.
The rail fares are high.
The raw materials were imported.
Alpha rays are invisible.
You are too ready to trust anyone.
55
An objection was raised.
Rake up the leaves.
The growth was rapid.
I recommend that the building be
demolished.
I regret I am unable to accept your
invitation.
50
Love will pass.
I don’t like it at all.
He did it in her presence.
The television receiver was out of
order.
You should seize every opport-
unity to help.
53
It really is a shame.
That’s a reasonable decision.
I like to observe the behaviour of
insects.
This is a ceremonial occasion.
There is no reason to be offended.
56
The rate of production is high.
In reality it is much larger.
I have reason to think that it’s too
late.
That’s a reasonable price.
I recognize the fact.
General III, 6
51
He should be protected against that
danger.
What’s the purpose in doing that? We
put the argument forward.
He is a qualified teacher.
The car raised a lot of dust.
54
He was offered the post of director. Do
you mind if I smoke?
He promised to look into the matter.
He missed the mark.
State your qualifications.
57
He gave me a written receipt.
He lost his temper.
He managed to get there in time.
Mark my words.
To make matters worse, he was late.
1 09
General III, 7
58
Might I make a suggestion?
In the meanwhile I’ll stay here.
He owns a steel-rolling mill.
He is broad minded.
I’m sorry — Don’t mention it.
61
My opinions were appreciated. Rest
and sleep will refresh you.
I have the greatest regard for him.
The medicine did not relieve the pain.
I did it at his own request.
64
The service in this restaurant is bad.
A limit must be set.
The simplicity of the problem amazed
me.
I know, you told me, but it slipped
my memory.
I think time is up: your clock is slow.
1 10
59
She mistook your meaning.
It’s a mixture of fact and fiction. His
means are modest.
A new motion was proposed. This is
a neat translation.
62
I am resigned to my fate.
All the theatrical scenery was burnt.
He scented mischief.
He was filled with scorn.
Oysters are now in season.
65
We enjoyed his company very much.
He is looking very solemn this
evening.
A solid takes more space than a
liquid.
He is a man of spirit.
There is no proof.
60
He was given a month’s notice.
These insects are a nuisance.
I object to the proposal.
Did you realize that her mother was
dead?
The rate of exchange is low.
63
The seat of the government is in
Paris.
Come and see me some time.
The goods were seized at the border.
The seller and the buyer disagree.
Be sensible.
66
My goal is a long way off.
I meant no offence.
I can tell from your speech that you are a
Scot.
He is a credit to his profession.
His performance was outstanding.

67
I owe you an apology.
He came to see me in spite of the
bad weather.
The failure was due to bad
management.
They talked about nothing in
particular.
Let that be a warning.
70
I was reminded of the fact.
Many roads are under repair.
Gold was replaced by paper
money.
A report will be made of the
debate.
He doesn’t know right from
wrong.
73
He makes the rules.
That will save a lot of trouble.
Give me a sample of that cloth.
This has satisfied my curiosity.
The bill is not settled.
68
I can’t quite believe it.
Give me an outline of the subject.
There are no ornaments in the
room.
The newspapers reflect public
opinion.
I regard it as an insult.
71
He is a retired officer.
He sent in his resignation.
The crowd scattered when the
police arrived.
I shall now review the position.
He offered me a reward.
74
His father is a salesman.
He takes a shower before
breakfast.
It’s the right size but the wrong
shape.
She has lost her eye sight.
Red clouds are a sign of rain.
General III, 8
69
He rejoiced at the news.
The output increases regularly.
Our relations have always been
excellent.
The guard was relieved.
He remarked that time was up.
72
The piston rod is broken.
This is the root of the difficulty. He
had a rope round his neck. It’s
about half a kilometre.
One should make sacrifices for
one’s children.
75
That suits my purpose.
The surface of the table is not
smooth.
That’s the letter, but not the spirit of
the law.
The room is 20 metres square.
The clock struck twelve.
111
General III, 9
76
The beam supports the roof.
He killed five flies at one stroke.
The work was done to my complete
satisfaction.
The Red Cross has a relief fund. The
government has resigned.
79
The time has run out.
The goods were sold at a loss.
He took shelter behind a hedge.
There is a spot of ink on your dress.
There are many springs in this
watch.
82
Prices rise steadily.
I suspect him of being a thief.
The new regulations take effect on
Monday.
They did not want to unite.
The committee approved the
project.
112
77
It pays to advertise.
The president has to bear the
responsibility.
He put up no resistance and
surrendered quietly.
The whole case rests on one
witness.
He wrote a review of the book.
80
They set out on a journey.
At this stage it is useless to try.
He stirred up a lot of trouble.
The road stretches into the distance.
The tree was struck by lightning.
83
Put it in a nutshell.
In my youth I wrote poetry.
The army yielded to the enemy.
He is not able to take care of his
children.
At the critical stage the temperature
fell.
78
You are talking rubbish.
He rubbed his hands together.
This trouble has its roots in the past.
He will revenge the wrongs of his
family.
You can’t rule a country alone.
81
I am not supposed to know.
I was surprised to see him there.
He resigned his post as secretary.
The police surrounded the house.
Since when have you given up
smoking?
84
The sailor went on shore.
He works for the Department of
Education.
The balance of trade is not favourable.
A band of children were playing in the
street.
He lost his temper.

85
The wires are connected.
His debt was wiped out.
The president granted my wish.
The argument is based upon my
statement.
You are wearing the wrong clothes
for the occasion.
88
The treasurer was dismissed.
The wound was treated with
penicillin.
Those tribes often fight each other.
If you go on like that you’ll get into
trouble.
91
I am tempted to go.
Don’t worry: everything will be all
right.
I can’t tell them apart.
The balance is in your favour.
This is not worthy of belief.
86
Does the noise worry you?
You will be called as a witness.
They couldn’t find the wreck of the
ship.
His speeches tend towards fascism.
A equals B, therefore B equals A.
89
He paid for his upkeep.
You twisted the meaning of my
statement.
The family is the main unit of
society.
I urged him to be careful.
It was decided by one vote.
92
Competition lowers prices.
He is not to blame for that.
Smith is the sleeping partner of this
business.
He holds very extreme views.
The local doctor was sent for.
G en e r a l I I I , 10
87
He tires easily.
I thought you’d gone.
He shook his fist and threatened to hit
me.
I could hear him through the crowd.
I saw the tracks of a lion in the sand.
90
Watch for the postman.
The tyres of the car are worn out.
Thistles are very annoying.
May I take this opportunity to
congratulate you?
He looked upset.
93
This film is dated.
Under existing conditions I can’t
accept the proposal.
I feel like doing it.
This is not in my line.
I have no sympathy for his troubles.
113
General III, 11
94 95 96
That’s out of the question. Split the money between you. He
In my opinion he is wrong.
There is room for improvement. is doing well.
Order was restored by the police. The
I made a rough estimate. The trap is shut.
thought passed my mind.
The scene is a square in Venice. The room is untidy.
As far as I am concerned, the
He is slow to take offence. He overworked and had a
discussion is closed.
breakdown.
I don’t aim at perfection.

114
 Economic III, 1
1 2
He accepts the theory of economic cycles. The assets were overvalued.
The contract expires in February. The consumer price index went up.
The association acquired legal status. He had an interview with the president.
This is the bank’s annual report. We returned the money.
Horticultural products are in great demand. The accident was not reported in time.
The financial transaction was favourable to both parties. There were objections to the bill.

3 4
We have received the patterns. This is an excellent blend of tobacco.
The economy is controlled by the State. There are many barges on the river.
Dairy products are in great demand. Civil aviation has developed very fast.
He gets a commission on all sales. The budget was presented to Parliament.
Barter transactions are very common. What are the characteristics of this instrument? We
Doctors’ fees are not refunded. supply the goods without guarantee.

5 6
A bulldozer was used to clear the road. A population census was held.
This carpenter knows his trade well. The Board of Directors did not agree.
The insurance policy was amended. The project was financed by the State.
He is affiliated to several societies. The growth rate is increasing.
Business administration is very difficult. We don’t like government intervention.
The freight was paid in advance. You are liable for your debts.

7 8
The samples were carefully examined. The exchange of workers is promoted.
The management decided in our favour. His incapacity was only temporary.
They sell a wide range of products. Dumping is not permitted here.
The contract was ratified by the government. The amount falls due tomorrow.
It’s useless to prolong the delay. The proceeds were paid into the bank. Horticulture is
He retired at the age of 60. a subdivision of agriculture.

11 5
Economic III, 2
9 10
The dock workers are on strike.
Their licence was withdrawn.
He is authorized to give instructions.
Taxes are deducted at the source.
Prices are under government control. Demography is
the study of communities.
11
Those industries are interdependent.
This school is subsidized by the State.
There were twenty votes against.
The debtor is insolvent.
They are an advisory council.
The certificate has been deposited with the bank.
13
He received a gratuity of fifty dollars.
The hegemony of the State is over.
They participated in an exhibition.
The calendar year has 365 days.
He is the beneficiary of that policy.
Applicants should report to the office.
15
He has attained pensionable age.
These securities are convertible.
They issued a publicity folder.
The goods were conveyed to the station.
He owns a fleet of fifty taxis.
This is a fortuitous event.
This material is warranted pure silk.
116
There are no more funds available.
The steel industry is located in this area. Movables are
not included in the price.
They should rationalize their industry.
It is one of the provisions of the treaty.
There is no correlation between the two facts.
12
The amendment was put to the vote.
You can debit my account.
The problems of farming are many.
The delivery of the goods took three months.
I don’t doubt your competence.
The composition of the product is not known.
14
There is a disparity between supply and demand. The
bill is payable at the bank.
Their position should be analysed.
Economic expansion is desirable.
He was appointed on the spot.
I can’t assume the responsibility.
Heavy taxes are levied on luxury goods.
16
The matter was settled out of court.
We shall test this hypothesis.
He is a member of the liberal party.
He was indemnified for his loss.
We received a request for an estimate.
All the factory personnel were dismissed.
It is not wise to mortgage all your property.
 Economic III, 3
17 18
The indemnity was fixed at two hundred dollars. This A research programme was established.
is due to a misunderstanding. There is no outlet for this product.
Foreign investment is promoted. There have been suspicious proceedings in
He made an attempt at mediation. committee meetings.
The farm labourers went on strike. He keeps his money in a safe.
The product was launched a month ago. The seller is at fault.
We shall discuss it in the next session. You are acting contrary to the instructions.
They hoard their money.

117
Scientific & Technical III, 1
1 2
The brushes maintain the contact. The air blast is powerful.
The neutrons collide with the atoms. Iron lacks these properties.
Iron is subject to corrosion. The turbine propels the vehicle.
A reduction of the heat was obtained. The gas acts as a shield.
The label sticks to the glass. The level of the petrol is kept constant.
It happened in a fraction of a second. The cylinders are mounted radially.
3 4
The slag floats to the surface. The machine is composed of twenty parts.
Clouds obstruct the light. A number of gases form the atmosphere.
The chain reaction can be terminated. Production will commence this year.
The pressure should be uniform. The temperature ranges from ten to twenty degrees.
This alloy contains 50 per cent nickel. This Automation may cause unemployment.
will help to prevent accidents. This serves to reduce wear.
5 6
This material resists corrosion. Fuel is injected into the cylinder.
Steam is admitted to the cylinder. The gases drive the piston down.
This machine generates electric power. One substance reacts with another.
Combustion produces hot gases. The blades force the water forwards.
This serves to control the speed. The lines converge at this point.
The spring acts as a weight. Like poles repel each other.
7 8
The speed is progressively reduced. They decided to close the factory.
The mixture is sucked into the cylinder. The The speed is proportional to the temperature.
light is reflected by the mirror. Opposite poles The wheel is coupled to the shaft.
attract each other. The effective working time is six hours.
The power is transmitted to the machine. It seems advisable to do this.
Eddies occur above the wings. I assume that the temperature is constant.

118

9 10
Soot accumulates in the tubes.
It is advisable to hold the handle.
Acids corrode metals.
Oil is piped to the refinery.
The tube is subjected to heat.
This is a low grade ore.
11
An ampere is a unit of electric current.
The temperature affects the resistance.
The bark of many trees is green.
Bats can fly in the dark.
This kind of chicken is hard to breed.
She dyed the curtains green.
13
Doors and gates swing on hinges.
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds.
Inflammation of the wound is inevitable.
An ion is an electrically charged atom.
Gum is produced from a tree.
This medicine will induce sleep.
15
A mirror reflects light rays.
Mass can be converted into energy.
Rust is the result of oxidation.
The road runs parallel to the river.
Iron is cast in a mould.
A house can be lifted with pulleys.
Scientific & Technical III, 2
The poles are driven into the ground.
This is in accordance with the regulations.
Living creatures adapt themselves.
Bronze is an alloy of tin and copper.
The roof is secured to the walls.
This generator produces an alternating current.
12
Coke is used to make steel.
The cube root of 64 is 4.
This is a direct current meter.
An electron is an elementary particle.
Internal stresses are set up.
The teeth of the gearwheel are broken.
14
The colour of the skin is hereditary.
Hydrogen is the lightest substance known.
The lens of my camera is broken.
Carpets are woven on a loom.
The smell of manure is unpleasant.
The paint has become like jelly.
16
The planets revolve around the sun.
Alcohol has antiseptic qualities.
The water passes through a sieve.
They are inoculated against smallpox.
The fibres are soaked in water.
Soda-water contains carbon dioxide.
119
Scientific & Technical III, 3
17
This instrument is used in surgery.
Check the pressure in the tyres.
The efficiency varies with the speed.
The strings of a violin vibrate.
The number plate is fixed to the car.
The gases divide here into two pipes.
19
Without brakes a vehicle is not safe.
The child was breast fed.
In spring all the plants come into bud.
There is a cavity in the bone.
Living matter is built up of cells.
The bleaching power of lime is high.
21
Metals will contract when cooled.
This is a cross-section of the carburettor. There was
a deposit of soot on the tube.
The design of the reactor is perfect.
Electric power is developed in the generator. A
cone is a figure with a circular bottom.
23
There is an eclipse of the moon tonight.
An electrode is a conductor of electricity.
All the elements are listed in this table.
The village is situated on the equator.
He is a drug addict.
A diagonal runs from one corner to the other.
120
18
The plates are exposed to the light.
Sodium hydroxide is alkaline.
This apparatus is used to analyse gases.
Those beads are perforated.
The bearing is stuck.
Electrical power can be transformed into mechanical power. 20
The length of this table is 90 centimetres.
He figured out the circumference.
Yeast is a catalyst.
The ignition coil is not connected.
This solution is highly concentrated.
A condenser is an instrument for cooling steam.
22
A soluble substance can be dissolved in water.
You can dilute an acid with water.
He was given a high dose of penicillin.
No form of drainage is effective here.
You should put a disinfectant on the wound.
Decimal currency has been introduced into Britain.
24
Metals will expand when heated.
He had his bad tooth extracted.
A ferment produces fermentation.
The coil is surrounded by a magnetic field.
Linen used to be made of flax.
Electrolysis is a chemical decomposition of certain substances.

25
Archaeologists are interested in fossils.
It happened in a fraction of a second.
The frequency of the vibrations is very high.
The transmission gear is disengaged.
A disinfectant will kill the germs.
You can convert degrees Fahrenheit into degrees
centigrade.
27
Organic compounds contain carbon.
We saw a partial eclipse of the moon.
The roof is supported by four pillars.
The lever pivots on a shaft.
The lining of the cylinder should be of copper. The
secretion of this gland contains hormones.
29
This facilitates the distribution of lubricant.
These are ferrous metals.
The tube is graduated.
The force of gravity is strong.
The pulley incorporates a brake.
The shaft bears on a bush.
The fluid exerts a pressure on the piston.
Steam is evolved in the boiler.
Scientific & Technical III, 4
26
Alpha particles are produced in a cyclotron.
There is a groove in the barrel of this gun.
The rays do not pass but are reflected back.
An impulse is a force acting for a short time.
Petrol is injected in the carburettor.
The output of the factory is represented on this graph.
28
The radius of this circle is 12 centimetres.
The range of this gun is 4 kilometres.
The resistance of a conductor can be measured.
Electrons can flow through a vacuum.
The shape is different but the volume is the same.
The heat of the sun is radiated to the earth.
30
A moderate amount of power is developed.
Iron is inclined to fracture.
This keeps water out.
He lags behind.
The shaft is liable to break.
The speed is limited.
Plastics can be machined.
The engine is designed for intermittent use.
121
Scientific & Technical III, 5
31
A negligible amount of uranium is present.
It is a reciprocating movement.
The supply is proportionally increased.
This is the right processing method.
We shall proceed in this way.
The oil is pressurized.
The wall is permeable.
The spring performs that function.
33
The volume is proportional to the temperature.
Synchronous vibrations occur.
Leaks tend to develop in the tubes.
A thorough investigation was made.
That is a thermal reactor.
Undue loss of heat should be obviated
Sulphate unites with copper.
The piles are hammered into the ground.
35
A liquid coolant is most effective.
Air is delivered to the combustion chambers.
This causes distortion of the shaft.
Air enters through an inlet duct.
Dynamic stresses occur in the concrete. Moisture
is excluded by the oil film.
122
32
The road is susceptible to damage.
The cylinders are superimposed.
There is a substantial progress.
It is a rotary movement.
Subsequent attempts failed.
The tube is subjected to heating.
This renders the metal soft.
Mines are sealed off with concrete.
34
The engine does not operate at that altitude.
The piston moves along the axis of the shaft.
The axle bears on a bush.
The cam-shaft runs in phase with the crank shaft.
The centrifugal force increases regularly.
The steam is condensed by contact with the cylinder walls.
36
The face of this workpiece is flat.
There is a failure in the road surface.
Compressed air is fed into the tube.
The fission of atoms can be spontaneous.
Cast iron may fracture under tension.
The slag floats on top of the molten iron.

37
This must be handled with great care.
It is possible to isolate the hydrocarbons.
The gases are liberated through a hole in the wall.
The wings provide the necessary lift.
A radio can be mounted on the car.
The cylinder head is carefully designed.
39
The water is pumped out of the tank.
Steam is produced in the boiler.
The impurities are filtered out.
The reaction is produced by a stream of air.
The tank is made of reinforced aluminium.
An engine is needed for the propulsion of an aircraft.
41
Internal stresses are likely to be set up.
The tips of the blades are worn.
The petrol is vaporized in the carburettor.
The turbine blades rotate at high speed.
Part of the kinetic energy is lost.
This is a 60-turn winding.
43
Most substances contract when they are cooled.
The surfaces are in contact with each other.
This solid will vaporize when heated.
Good lubrication prevents damage.
This obviates the danger of accidents.
This will enable you to measure the temperature.
Scientific & Technical III, 6
38
Steam pockets form in the tube.
The turbine develops sufficient power.
A preliminary survey must be carried out.
The profile of the wings is important.
The protruding parts should be removed.
The plates are placed together with a slight overlap.
40
The combustion chambers are arranged in a row.
Oil splashes up into the bearing.
Rubbing produces static electricity.
The water is kept in a reservoir.
Uranium is used for nuclear research.
The wind tunnel reproduces flight conditions.
42
A considerable amount of fuel is needed.
The frame consists of fifty lines.
Cast iron is made up of different substances.
This factory produces aircraft components.
The gases include oxygen and nitrogen.
The metal is liable to become overheated.
44
The liquid circulates through the pipes.
This principle was successfully applied.
They didn’t make use of the invention.
These instruments should be handled with care.
A high degree of accuracy can be attained.
The hardness is dependent on the carbon content.
123
Scientific & Technical III, 7
45 46
The springs will absorb the shock. Cooling is achieved by means of a radiator.
There is a small deposit of soot. The molten metal is withdrawn from the furnace. This is
An undue amount of air enters the furnace. a device for regulating temperatures.
The tank has a capacity of 80 litres. The iron comes out in a molten state.
The engine develops 120 brake horse power. The parts are assembled in the factory.
The boiler consumes an excessive amount of fuel. Aircraft overcome the force of gravity.
47
48
The weights balance each other.
Boilers are provided with safety valves.
The steam encounters a row of blades.
The residual heat is used again.
The boiler is fired by hand.
The air/fuel ratio is 15 to 1.
This machine will operate for long periods.
The engine provides the necessary thrust.
The steam supply is controlled by the governor. This is
Rubber will slowly deteriorate.
an instrument for measuring temperature.
A new carburettor was fitted on the engine.
49
He was given specific instructions. 50
Those children are immune to smallpox. An accumulator stores electricity.
The bearing is immersed in oil. We measure the voltage with a volt meter.
Thermostats are based on that principle. The brake horse power can be calculated.
The remaining gases are ejected. Dust particles are suspended in the air.
The fuel supply is regulated by a valve. The screen can be raised and lowered.
51 Accurate determination of temperature is difficult.
Measurements are taken every five minutes.
The following technique should be adopted.
You should specify what you want.
The accident was attributed to overheating.
The bore of the cylinder is 5 centimetres.
The speed influences the behaviour of the engine.

124
 Conference Terminology, III, 1
1 2
The chancellor delivered the opening address. The We shall now proceed to the agenda.
motion was carried overwhelmingly. They couldn’t come to an agreement.
That should be taken into account. Were you present at the annual meeting?
Another paragraph was added. We have all the available data.
They stick to their opinion. The chairman began to speak at once.
The meeting accepted the minutes as read. They put in a claim for damages.
3 4
They were not able to complete the agenda. The seats were allotted by ballot.
We shall hold a second ballot. We are in arrears with the rent.
I want to call another witness. They queried the results.
We can claim to be doing a good job. I do not question your competence.
They want us to pay in advance. The evidence is conclusive.
Leave this out of the minutes. The assembly adopted the minutes.
5 6
It was decided upon by the Board of Directors. They have acknowledge the receipt of my letter.
I want to consult my colleagues. Accounts must be rendered every year.
Another meeting was convened. Did the assembly confirm the minutes?
This is not covered by the convention. The counting had to be done over again.
They put in a counter-claim. They did not take part in the debate.
A copy will be delivered to each member. These statements are not legally binding.
7 8
I do not want to embark on that subject now. Our head office has been transferred to Paris.
It’s not necessary to hold a consultation. He is eligible for appointment.
Can you direct me to his office? This will enable me to help you.
He is a member of the Board of Directors. They wanted to examine the matter further.
His appeal was dismissed. The convention will be ratified.
The chairman produced another document. The allotted time is too short.

125
Conference Terminology III, 2
9 10
Let us proceed with the discussion of item three.
His name was deleted from the list.
An estimate has been received.
He expressed the wish to give up the attempt.
I don’t want to hurt anybody’s feelings.
Our general impression is favourable.
11
Much further investigation remains to be done.
Please initial every page.
The topic was removed from the agenda.
The joint meeting was fully attended.
Their decisions have demonstrative force.
It falls within this court’s jurisdiction.
13
I should like my observations to be minuted.
It was decided at the first joint meeting.
I come now to today’s motion.
They took no notice of our warning.
The negotiations ended in a deadlock.
The Chairman called the house to order.
15
Do you think the motion will pass?
I shall not sign that paper.
The chairman called him to order.
We shall pass on to the next item.
The planned date is the 5th November 1975.
He introduced the matter without wasting time.
126
Please don’t digress from the matter in hand.
The following project is more interesting.
You should have read the footnotes as well.
The meeting was fully attended.
I shall be glad to provide further information.
The chairman directed him to discontinue his speech.
12
They have a considerable lead over us.
May I ask you to keep the minutes?
I question the legality of these measures.
He was asked to mediate.
They soon took the lead.
The board will meet early next week.
14
English was the common language employed.
How long do these meetings last?
It was decided by mutual consent.
The motion was carried with a comfortable margin.
I want to bring this to your notice.
The noes have it.
16
The vice-chairman presided the meeting.
Further information will be supplied by the secretary.
I question the validity of that agreement.
You are talking at cross purposes.
I cannot support you on this occasion.
We shall vote by secret ballot.

17
It would be premature to discuss that now.
That is for the president to decide.
The previous speaker has dealt with that problem.
It is useless to prolong the debate.
We shall not be able to keep to our schedule.
The subject was removed from the agenda.
19
France is one of the signatory states.
We only wanted to spare your feelings.
The item was struck off the agenda.
The report has proved acceptable.
We must have a qualified translator.
These are my final recommendations.
21
The general design has been approved.
The total cost will amount to £7864.
Thank you for the explanation of your plan.
There is a great deal more I could say.
I question whether this is justified.
He acted as the substitute for the minister.
23
The new regulations will enter into force immediately.
We shall have to manage without them.
We have spared no pains to help them.
May I ask the secretary to procure further information?
I thank you on behalf of the assembly.
I may take it then that the estimates are approved?
Conference Terminology III, 3
18
The proceedings of the meeting were rather disorderly.
They put in a claim for damages.
Travelling expenses are repaid.
He qualified for appointment.
He raised the matter at once.
The projected date is the 1st January 1980.
20
Mr. Smith will substitute for the president.
I want to submit my resignation.
The sub-committee will meet tomorrow.
The interim report is meaningless.
He has an excellent record.
We do not have a quorum.
22
A survey must be carried out first.
He was suspended from duty.
We have now fully covered the topic.
A treaty of assistance was signed.
The chairman announced the result of the vote.
I will now invite the members present to give us their views.
24
Why is so large a sum set aside for this?
May I sign the contract on your behalf?
1 question whether this is really necessary.
We can now move on to item eleven.
On this point we are still ignorant.
We’ll leave that matter to be decided at the next meeting.
127
Conference Terminology III, 4
25
This means an annual charge of £ 468,925.
Plans and specifications are before you, gentlemen. We
have spent too much time on this item.
You are in a position to say something.
This practice is open to many objections.
I could wish that I felt more confidence in our
contractors.
27
I shall propose a slight change in the agenda.
I should like to take item three first.
We have before us an estimate from the engineers. The
estimate includes some very surprising figures.
We shall have to reconsider the whole scheme.
We must try and reach a decision today.
29
We all realize how important this is.
There is much to be said on either side.
I think we should ignore the figures.
We have all read the engineer’s report.
I am concerned over the question of cost.
We must not allow other matters to take our time.
31
I take it that the minutes are approved.
We agreed to adopt that line.
Has the secretary received any reply?
We now know what the financial position is.
The question is now open to debate.
I move that we accept his recommendations.
128
26
That practice is regarded with disfavour.
Mr. Smith is welcome to a seat on the Board.
That is more than could be expected.
That fact admits of two explanations.
Item four concerns the alteration of the scheme.
May I take the minutes of the last meeting as
read?
28
You will find a copy of the agenda in front of you.
Item five is far more urgent than item one.
I was delayed by some important business.
We are glad that you could spare the time to come.
May I ask your views on the subject?
We should go ahead with the scheme.
30
The report reads like nonsense to me.
I suggest we call for another estimate.
The next meeting is tomorrow at 10.45.
There have been no amendments proposed.
We didn’t reach a decision at the last meeting.
All members have received a notice of meeting.
32
That matter will be dealt with under item nine.
Are there any other matters arising?
That subject will come up under item seven.
Do you wish to speak to the amendment?
The value of the scheme is not called in question.
Your protest will be placed on record.

33
Has anyone anything further to say?
Now we can proceed to the vote.
The motion was carried unanimously.
I take it that the application is rejected.
Consider the advantages of the scheme.
The value of the scheme is not called in question.
35
It remains only to decide on certain priorities.
I can’t make sense of it all.
I have no sympathy with your point of view.
Various names have been suggested.
Our financial scheme is illegal.
I question whether these remarks should be minuted.
37
I must put your proposal before the Board.
Memorandum B deals with this problem.
I have another appointment in half an hour.
I would like to offer a further amendment.
Travelling allowances are a burden on the budget.
We need approval of the assembly for that.
39
Most members have cast a dissenting vote.
He emphasized the importance of this clause.
There have been numerous exchanges of views.
The executive committee consists of five persons.
He expressed the wish to be relieved of the assignment.
We’ll take measures to prevent this.
Conference Terminology III, 5
34
We should allow a wider margin for absenteeism.
I must apologise for being late.
We have all read the report with interest.
It is late in the day to go back on our decision.
Are you speaking for or against the amendment?
I must ask you to withdraw your allegations.
36
It is technically possible, but is it wise?
This provides some food for thought.
The facts call for immediate action.
We cannot afford to make the wrong decision.
We are not committed to that extent.
We need a firm decision before the end of the month.
38
I do not want to engage in an argument about this.
You ought to have told us beforehand.
We are lagging behind with the agenda.
The briefing will take only ten minutes.
When will this matter come up for discussion?
That is not within the competence of this assembly.
40
I would like to clarify my position.
I shall read a short extract from the report.
He is inclined to favour his friends.
The document must be in your files.
These are the findings of the committee.
My views are in harmony with yours.
129
Conference Terminology III, 6
41
We shall not tolerate any infringement of the rules.
Those regulations are no longer in law.
Is it imperative to decide this question now?
The subject was introduced by the French delegate.
All our offers of mediation were rejected.
Our mandate expires next month.
43
Your contributions will always be welcome.
The measures were adopted by the plenary meeting.
We should have a power of attorney.
I am in favour of a postponement of the meeting.
That matter will be given first priority.
It is one of the provisions of the treaty.
45
The project was supported by the German delegation. The
French delegation left the room.
The plan was submitted to the assembly.
Give us a summary of the events.
We have taken good note of your statement.
We value your collaboration very highly.
47
My object, Gentlemen, is to present our interim report.
I feel particularly indebted to the members present.
The question is whether I have the confidence of this
committee or not.
I claim all responsibility for the decisions made.
There should be co-operation rather than rivalry between us.
I can explain the passage which you find obscure.
130
42
He was elected by a large majority.
The motion of confidence was rejected.
Are you speaking on behalf of your government?
The agreement was declared null and void.
The chairman ordered his exclusion.
This misunderstanding will soon be cleared up.
44
The report of the working-party was most helpful.
They have a start of ten years over us.
This topic has been scratched from the agenda.
Both events took place simultaneously.
They will submit a report in a few weeks’ time.
The new law takes effect immediately.
46
I hope that we may have your opinion on this matter.
Mr. Brown has been closely associated with these proposals.
We have had lengthy discussions on this matter before now.
We do not want a repetition of all the arguments already used. The
advantages were outlined by Mr Brown yesterday.
I protest against the way in which this matter is being handled.
48
I am not sure that we should accept their terms.
Our financial position does not justify the expenditure on this scheme.
Do they expect us to do their work for them?
We cannot withdraw at this stage of the negotiations.
The report might have been worded more clearly.
Our last question this afternoon concerns the new members.

49
Are you suggesting that I exceeded my brief?
I feel that we should defer important business until there is a
full attendance.
Your point of view was ably represented by Mr. Jones.
I have thought again about what we were discussing
yesterday.
It has been argued that it is too late to go back on our
decision.
It seems to me that we should not commit ourselves.
Conference Terminology III, 7
50
It is a hard decision but we have no alternative.
I am not greatly impressed with your arguments.
It will be apparent that this decision is folly.
The classic form is a committee of five with a quorum of three.
I feel we should thank him for all his help.
That concludes the agenda; the next meeting is tomorrow at ten.
131
Structures, 1
1 2
Who is your friend waiting for? What are you laughing at?
You needn’t get there very early, but I must. We don’t often see a black horse.
Does the train ever start at the right time? The fish must be fried but the potatoes needn’t be.
She doesn’t understand how to do it. Have you decided who to ask for the party?
I saw a cousin of mine in the street this morning. He wants you to return a book of mine you borrowed last week.
Julius Caesar, who was a very powerful Roman general, The great fire of London, which broke out in 1666, destroyed a large
came to Britain in 55 B.C. part of the city.
3 4
Who does she want to speak to? Her death has quite upset me.
He scarcely knows what to say about it. What is he talking about?
You are not to stay up so late but your father can. She always used to get up early but her husband didn’t.
Tell us how to begin work. Nobody told me when to send these letters.
Let’s collect some friends of ours. She wants to know if you have seen a book of mine lying about
Mr. Johnson, who is living next door to us, came here only anywhere.
last week. The antiquities of Egypt, about which such a lot has been written, should
not be missed.
5 6
What are the children playing with? It is difficult to know what to choose.
None of them had ever been here before. I cut myself with a knife the other day.
You needn’t go yet, need you? I wasn’t wrong, was I?
We can’t think where to go for our holidays. I always used to have to wait more than an hour.
An uncle of mine has just swum across the Channel. What is she thinking of?
The river, which is one of the most important of Africa, This butterfly, which is found in most parts of Europe, has a
flows through large swamps. similar name in most languages.

132

7 8
Who was the maid talking to?
Were you ever able to understand these problems?
They weren’t angry, were they?
He wants to learn how to build a boat.
A good friend of ours has just arrived.
This is the man I gave the money to this morning.
9 10
Which ship did Miss Smith sail on?
He was born at 10 a.m. on June 14th, 1923.
What would you do if you were him?
There aren’t any biscuits in this tin.
You never used to smoke so much, did you?
That is the fellow I travelled with last year.
11
What are you talking about?
He loved her passionately all his life.
The best ones are always bought by the ones who have
the most money.
I don’t think there is anyone here.
He had the gate painted last week.
Bring me the cigarettes I left on the table.
13
Who was the minister angry with?
The train arrived late this morning.
Go with John and her to visit them.
There aren’t any matches left.
Tell them to have the speech translated.
The film you are talking about is no good.
Structures, 2
Who are you looking at?
He hasn’t got to leave just yet but his brother must.
Do you always have coffee after dinner?
I think it was a good idea of his.
Would you mind repeating what you have just said?
The matter you were arguing about has been settled last night.
The few I have seen were all black.
I had the car washed for me yesterday.
I haven’t any more letters for you to write.
What’s the name of the one who came first?
Who did the president speak to?
Our teacher spoke to us very rudely in class this morning.
12
He had his shoes mended.
Last week I went to see the town I used to live in.
You needn’t tell us any more of your adventures.
Who did the clerk ring up?
They stayed there quietly all day.
What would you do if you were him?
14
I’ll have a new dress made.
You can’t have any more apples.
What did the secretary ask for?
I shall meet you outside your office at 2 o’clock tomorrow.
We are much stronger than them at football.
The girl I told you about last week has been killed in a train
accident.
133
Structures, 3
15
Let’s be friends.
Who was your wife angry with?
I like those roses, please give me some.
She had her dresses sent to her from Paris.
A preposition is a bad word to end a sentence with.
My friend speaks English very well, but her spelling is
rather poor.
17
You needn’t spend it all.
He has been living here since 1968.
He said he wished he had never seen me.
I should be delighted to join you.
He won’t like our coming late.
I had to ask the boys to stop playing.
19
I wish I knew his name.
The children won’t need to get up so early.
Have you been waiting long for me?
They would be very surprised if they were to receive an
invitation.
Do you remember us asking for the book before?
I don’t want you to mention my arriving late.
134
16
It wasn’t me who did that.
She asked me for some ice but I can’t find any.
Is that the new station you pointed out to me last week?
He was asked to make a new one.
What film did she go to see yesterday?
I like coffee in the morning very much.
18
She won’t have to come again.
I’m afraid you have been looking at the wrong one.
It’s high time you had a haircut.
I am glad to see that you have recovered.
Please excuse our calling you by your first name.
We can’t consider buying a new house before selling the old one.
20
You don’t need to carry so much.
He has been working at the Post Office for two years.
If only I’d known earlier I’d have sent you a telegram.
Our friends objected to our leaving so soon.
I would love to own a house in the country.
I can’t understand his wanting to marry a girl like that.

21
We needn’t listen to them.
They must have been standing in the rain for half an hour.
I wish I had not broken it.
We must wait till we hear the results.
You must forgive our leaving so soon.
The police suspect him of trying to sell the stolen goods.
23
You would be foolish to do so.
Please forgive my asking such a personal question.
Don’t talk of going before meeting my sister.
I shan’t have to do my homework again.
The cat has been sitting there for half an hour.
You look as if you could do with a drink.
25
We needn’t lock the box up again.
We are setting out at two o’clock.
Would you mind me opening the window?
Whoever says that is a liar.
He didn’t have to read it aloud.
The book I was reading yesterday was a detective story.
27
This bridge was built last year.
They needn’t learn the whole poem.
I’m playing tennis this afternoon.
I remember their coming home long after midnight.
Take however much you want whenever you want to.
I should like to see the trees you picked the apples from.
Structures, 4
22
I was sorry to have to leave so early.
I can’t understand you wanting to do this again.
The manager let us watch the actors rehearsing.
They won’t have to read the whole book, will they?
I’ve been working in the garden for hours.
If only he’d told you the whole story.
24
She won’t need to go back alone.
I wish I were a thousand miles away.
She has a headache because she has been reading too long.
She was sorry to have missed the beginning.
Did your father agree to your coming to see me?
Our teacher has promised to help us to prepare for the
examination.
26
This picture is always admired.
Are you staying at home tonight?
Did you give it back without him asking you?
Whichever one of us has got to pay for it, it won’t be me.
Two plates have been broken.
The man you spoke to in the street is my English teacher.
28
They didn’t have to give it back.
It will still be raining when you come back.
I can’t help you forgetting to bring your books.
English is spoken all over the world.
The picture you were talking about has been sold.
I’ll come whenever I can, and I’ll bring whoever you like with me
135
Structures, 5
29
He’ll be travelling all night.
You won’t have to pay him in advance.
I can’t imagine them refusing to pay for it.
Buy it back from the man you sold it to.
Were any questions asked about me?
Whenever she does an exercise she makes mistakes
however hard she tries.
31
You needn’t write it on the blackboard.
We’ll be using it again tomorrow.
I’ll have to insist on his not disturbing us.
The people you are living with are my friends.
Whoever told you that?
That box has not been opened for the last hundred years.
33
You shouldn’t have bought a new car.
I can’t help feeling anxious about the political situation.
What’s that music you are listening to?
My little sister was given a ticket too.
She will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
Do you mind my seeing the photos again?
136
30
He won’t have to leave earlier than usual.
He’ll be travelling all night.
I was afraid of you leaving without me.
That’s the knife and fork I eat with.
A big battle was fought here two hundred years ago.
We’ll join you whatever the weather.
32
You needn’t answer at once.
She’ll be leaving by the three o’clock train.
I don’t like it at all, if you don’t mind my saying so.
Can you remember the person you took it from?
The dog was left in the garden.
Whatever it is you have found, you must give it back to
whoever it belongs to.
34
She needn’t have filled the glass so full.
I don’t like her reading these letters.
The visitors will be shown the new buildings.
It won’t be any use your trying to borrow any more money.
I was given a £5 reward.
The knife we use to cut the bread with is very sharp.

35
We didn’t need to say anything at all.
I can’t understand him forgetting to answer my letter.
The man I gave the book to has died.
They were promised higher wages.
I remember him asking for the book.
The lessons should be made more interesting.
37
He was refused a passport.
Empty bottles must not be thrown away.
You needn’t have stayed if you hadn’t wanted to.
Don’t keep on shouting like that.
Any man that listens to you is a fool.
I can’t insist on your leaving early but you risk losing
the last train.
39
She loves swimming in the sea.
You needn’t have woken him up.
All the people I have ever met have liked him.
You will be told what time the train leaves.
I hate being looked at.
Please excuse us coming so late without informing you
beforehand.
Structures, 6
36
I was recommended another doctor.
Your idea is worth going into more carefully.
You will be given the answer next week.
There was no need for him to have locked the door.
The shop we buy our vegetables from is shut.
There is no denying that he enjoys listening to his own voice.
38
You didn’t need to wait for me.
I enjoyed resting in the afternoon after trying to finish my work.
The glass you are drinking out of hasn’t been washed.
We shall be asked several questions.
You will be laughed at if you wear that silly hat.
I didn’t mind them coming late for the lecture.
40
He was promised a bicycle.
I didn’t need to ring the bell.
This will mean us leaving much later.
The paint on the chair you are sitting on is still wet.
Such things ought not to be spoken of in public.
I know you won’t mind my pointing this out to you.
137
Structures, 7
41
It’s the King of Sweden’s birthday.
Just between you and me, it’s her I’m afraid of, not him.
I doubt if there are any books left.
We must have the knives sharpened.
They’ll have to do what they’re told.
The best play Shakespeare wrote, but which I haven’t read,
is “King Lear”.
43
Nobody could answer except me.
It’s a lady’s not a gentleman’s wrist watch.
I asked him for some soap but he hadn’t any.
I’m going to have an extra room added.
I am not to repeat it.
The house in whose windows there is a light, is mine.
45
Was it us they were talking about?
It’s the King of England’s crown.
They say the blue ones are best.
You must have your hair cut.
I shall have to give you a new one.
I appreciate the kind words you have welcomed me with.
138
42
All the other boys’ parents were there.
Help me carry her, she has fainted.
You have a lot of money, please give me some.
They had another photograph taken.
He says I’m not to be trusted.
The old man you were talking to me about has died.
44
It was him I was talking about.
It’s for sale at the bookseller’s.
He had his trousers lengthened by the tailor.
The doctor says you’re not to drink at all.
It’s all there is to last us a week.
If you need any more money you must get some out of the bank.
46
Do you think he is stronger than 1?
It happened during the Hundred Years War.
We must have the tickets renewed.
She mustn’t go home alone.
Don’t make any noise, he wants to get some sleep.
I am just the same as I was the day I first met you.

47
How can you talk to a woman such as her.
Which piece of cake is yours?
We didn’t have the house cleaned every day.
He’ll have to come again tomorrow.
All the while I’m working it’s you I’m thinking of.
I want some oranges. Give me those big ones.
Structures, 8
48
Her dresses were sent to her from Paris.
I had to work as hard as I could.
I think you are prettier than them all.
Which of you knows the answer?
The tree fell on the men, all of whom were injured.
You can take these eggs if you want to but I have some
better ones inside.
139
Phrases, 1
1 2
We’ll make the most of it.
We are moving to Brussels.
They called him bad names.
He travelled all night long.
He doesn’t know his own mind.
There will be five of them at most.
He said not a single word.
He is named after his father.
Keep to the point, will you?
That book is not in stock.
I don’t care a straw.
That’s a strong argument.
He took me by surprise.
Take a note of it.
He never tells the truth.
It’s not as bad as all that.

3 4
They set out on a journey. I would rather stay here.
I’m at your service. It’s pouring with rain.
We never shake hands. No wonder it has taken so long.
You are quite right. So much the worse for you.
It’s rather late. Finally he turned up.
I’m glad to be rid of it. How did it all come about?
Do it for my sake. Take my advice: keep out of it.
It’s all the same to me. That’s the other side of the question.

5 6
A good many people were assembled. By my watch it’s 4.
I did it on my own account. The situation has cleared up.
His time is up. It’s his only chance.
I wonder if it’s true. It was a narrow escape.
It’s getting worse and worse. How did it all come about?
Come here at once. I don’t see the connection.
According to Smith it is true. I have looked in every corner.
Don’t laugh at him. Don’t count the cost.

140

7 8
I would never dream of going there.
What has it got to do with us?
Write it down.
He is often out of doors.
It doesn’t do to complain.
The prices were cut.
I dare say you are right.
It’s a short cut to the station.
9 10
We’ll have to fill the gap.
Get hold of the strap.
They get along well together.
It can’t go wrong.
It’s the golden rule.
Be so good as to stay.
Please go on with your story.
He got into trouble.
11
Generally speaking beggars are poor.
How are you getting along?
It happened as follows.
That’s your point of view.
For one thing you are not ready.
He flew into a rage.
It goes backwards and forwards.
You must stand on your own feet.
Phrases, 2
She fell in love at first sight.
He was far from being pleased.
There was no accident so far.
I can’t find fault with it.
I’m afraid I'm late.
Mosquitoes are a fearful nuisance.
It’s far better to say nothing.
Drop it. It’s not worth the trouble.
In the eyes of the law it’s wrong.
Go ahead.
It’s the golden mean.
I did it in good faith.
Night fell slowly.
You may eat anything you fancy.
Prices are falling off.
I’m not pleased. Far from it.
12
Don’t jump to conclusions.
He is travelling abroad.
He lives across the road.
Repeat after me.
It happened two months ago.
Come along with me.
Have you any money?
People were standing all round.
141
Phrases, 3
13 14
As for me, I don’t know. You’d better do it now.
She was born in 1950. Don’t hang your head.
He stood beside me. We are losing ground.
Did you go anywhere? Will he ever come?
Leave him behind. He’ll come in good time.
He was not at home. You had better try elsewhere.
I have tried anyway. I don’t know either.
It’s obvious. He fell down.
15 16
I can’t make head or tail of it. I can’t tell them apart.
Hold on tight. Tom came as well as Jane.
The ice is broken. It’s several kilometres away.
I’ll come in an instant. Did you meet anybody?
Above all don’t be late. It’s not altogether bad.
He held back some of the money. They all behaved alike.
Put it aside. He’ll be there before long.
He can’t afford it. Do you follow me?
I’m ahead of you.

17 18
There are a few mistakes here and there. You might as well tell me who did it.
He stands above suspicion. I tried in vain to persuade him.
I take an interest in the Test Matches. Get out of my way.
Now and then a customer came in. Now, speak up.
He takes it in earnest. It’s not worthwhile.
Given time I can do it. Take good care of him.
It has turned out well. Prices are up.
All of a sudden he collapsed. Now is the time to sell.

142

19
He doesn’t know right from wrong.
I am wet through.
He took a lot of trouble.
It’s merely a matter of time.
I’m in touch with him.
He got into trouble.
Please stand up.
These books are not cheap, up to £20 each.
21
You should take that into account too.
He was brought up in Scotland.
They are behind the times.
I can’t bear it.
When am I to come?
The fish has gone bad.
He did it behind my back.
He did his best.
23
During the interval he had a drink.
Don’t say anything.
It’s below the average.
It is beneath contempt.
It happened between five and six o’clock.
I’m not a bit tired.
The train is due at five.
By the way, did you buy the book?
P h r a se s , 4
20
You must make allowance for his youth.
He was about to tell her.
Don’t make faces at him.
He failed to come.
He has an eye for a pretty face.
You’ll soon think as I do.
I’ll make an exception for you.
In the end he agreed.
22
Carry an umbrella in case it rains.
Carry out the work.
It was a chance meeting.
He changed his mind.
That will cheer him up.
I came across it last week.
Don’t lose courage.
The expenses were cut down.
24
While you are here, let’s talk about it.
There is an upward tendency.
He is used to it.
The angle thus formed is a right angle.
You’ll see him wherever you go.
He won’t come unless you say so.
You can come whenever you like.
It’s a joint enterprise.
1 43
Phrases, 5
25 26
We’d better keep him out. He quoted Shakespeare but he left one word out.
He has come at last. Let’s go to the cinema.
They laughed at me. It’s much less important than you think.
I haven’t seen him of late. Only one man was left over.
He went on his knees. Let me know in time whether you’ll be there.
Better late than never. Just lead the way. I’ll follow you.
He’ll come sooner or later. His efforts proved worthless.
The government lays down the law. Please don’t leave me behind.

27 28
There were at least five hundred people at the meeting. The word was on the tip of my tongue but I just couldn’t
He let out the secret after all. say it.
Put your hands up. That is not likely to happen.
Give me a light please. He ran for dear life.
He fell in love at first sight. Look after him will you?
Add up the total. He described it at length.
It looks like rain. I lost my way.
They made up the quarrel. I look forward to the summer.
He lost sight of her.
29 30
There is nothing like a nice swim in hot weather. I tried to read it but I couldn’t make it out.
His death was a great loss. That’s one too many.
He looked for his spectacles. It’s a matter of opinion.
He lost his temper. That makes no difference.
I looked the word up in a dictionary. We may as well go now.
I should like to do it. That’s the main point.
This throws more light on the matter. I can say it from memory.
It was a stroke of good luck that the doctor was at home. She’s a mere child.

144

31
If only we had the money we could buy a car.
That makes matters worse.
Bear that in mind.
They couldn’t make up their minds.
He did it once again.
Take them one by one.
Hang the picture on the wall.
It’s open to doubt whether he can do it.
33
There is plenty of time to buy a new house.
It’s child’s play.
Pay attention to what you’re doing.
I shall be pleased to come.
That’s my point of view.
Come as soon as possible.
I am out of practice.
In the first place it’s too expensive.
35
Let’s settle the matter once and for all.
I shall look into the matter.
I believe it more or less.
Speak your mind.
The bigger the better.
It’s a serious matter.
He did it on purpose.
If I’m not mistaken you are Mr. Brown.
Phrases, 6
32
The car is worth £10 at the outside.
I shall not open my lips.
He comes every other day.
They are out of reach.
Give me another cigarette.
You ought to obey.
The meeting is over.
That belongs to the past.
34
When it came to the point, he didn’t open his lips.
They received him with open arms.
It’s all over now.
I’ll come with pleasure.
He was put to death.
The work is in progress.
Time’s pressing. Let’s hurry.
He was on the point of going when his mother came in.
36
I shall have no peace of mind until this matter is settled.
That has nothing to do with it.
He changed his mind.
I see him now and then.
He is a native of India.
He is neither good nor bad.
I have known it before now.
I’ll see you off at the station.
145
Phrases, 7
37 38
He was on his way to the station when he ran into his So far as I know nobody lives there.
friend. They should be here soon now.
It was a near escape. He did it just for show.
He must be out of his mind. I have not the slightest idea.
We’ll go and see him. You’ll understand some day.
It’s kind of you to say so. Something or other turned up.
Don’t mind me. I’ll manage. How do matters stand?
He turned his back on me. I’m sorry to hear that your sister has died.
The doctor will see you at once.

39 40
The business was set up on a large scale. The watch was given to him in recognition of his services.
He put the argument forward. He won’t listen to reason.
I’m glad to hear it. It’s a question of money.
There is not much to say for it. It’s all right. You can go now.
Send for the doctor. I don’t see your point.
They travelled by sea. He put off his visit.
They sent him to school. Feelings ran high.
We shall wait and see. Don’t run away.

41 42
Overseas countries can join the association. He found out somehow where the money was hidden.
The boy was run over by a bus. You don’t say so!
He carried his point. I’ve heard nothing so far.
He came back safe and sound. Would you like some tea?
It’s hard to say who is right. He is the man on the spot.
See to it that it’s done. This is a stroke of luck.
He is on active service. For heaven’s sake don’t tell anyone.
The sun has set. He stopped short when his father came in.

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43 44
You may well ask how it all came about. He can work wonders with a screwdriver.
I won’t stand in your way. He will go there next Saturday.
On the whole you are right. It might have been worse.
Let’s take a walk. Take that into account.
We had a good time. It happens from time to time.
Will you help me? Hurry up now.
Have it your own way. You are wrong.
On no account must you accept. Many a man has tried.
45 46
At first he didn’t agree but finally he gave. The subject may come up sooner or later.
Don’t answer back. It’s about finished.
They love one another. He came at last.
Something’s up. He went to bed.
What’s wrong? He brought the question up.
I am anxious to please you. Try your best.
Put it on my account. She learnt it by heart.
At any rate, it’s expensive. Carry on with it.

47 48
The law will take effect from May 1st. Keep faith and you’ll be successful.
It all depends upon the circumstances. He put an end to the dispute.
The noise was deafening. Yes, I do remember it.
That will do. It has turned out well.
He ran up and down. There is not the faintest hope.
We can’t see each other. In fact I don’t know.
You can’t do without it. You can see it with the naked eye.
Nothing on earth would make me do it. I fancy he won’t come.

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49 50
You were the first to put the idea forward. As far as I am concerned, he can stay.
I won’t stir a finger to save him. The trees are in flower.
I didn’t think fit to go there. Fancy that!
The king appeared in the flesh. It’s not my fault.
We went there on foot. Never fear!
He came here for the first time. I couldn’t see him at first.
Fill up the form. In the first place you are late.
He said he would resign first. You are not far wrong.
51 52
I’ll go into the matter more thoroughly next time. His position is very difficult. He won’t hold out long.
You shall not go unpunished. At heart he is very religious.
He went to sleep. Shall we go out?
Go away! The grand total is £50.
Get on with the work. He held his ground.
It’s the golden age. Stick to your principles.
He did me a good turn. Will you join the debate?
I can’t get over it. Keep your head and you’ll get over it.

53
He didn’t succeed though he tried hard.
Even his father couldn’t believe it.
To a certain extent you are right.
It’s a fairly good book.
Let me hear from you soon.
In former times nobody lived there.
They are not here yet.
You deserve it as much as I do.
54
If you don’t mind I’ll open the window.
He won’t come until tomorrow.
It happened towards the middle of the century.
Whatever you do you’ll be caught.
I don’t care whether it’s true.
There is no such thing as a white elephant.
Their advance was checked by rainfall.
He is fond of his children.

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