Pure water production:

Filtration and sedimentation

Also:
• Rotary filters
• Water additives
• Nuclear decommissioning

January/February 2014 www.filtsep.com

 Layers of Strength!
Franklin is proud to offer three adhesive technologies designed to improve the filtration properties
of filter media. Each adhesive is fast setting when sprayed, and offers strong adhesion properties
to laminate media together or increase particle entrapment. We are also able to customize our
adhesives to meet your specific application to maximize your productivity.
Visit us at AHR 2014, Booth #7500
 Editorial 1
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

The cost of being

environmentally-friendly
Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/
Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online
database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service.
Subscriptions
An annual subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed
issues per year in January/February, March/April, May/June,
July/August, September/October, November/December and costs:

€478 for all European countries & Iran

US$537 for all countries except Europe and Japan
¥63,700 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/14)
Those involved in the filtration and separation industry are well aware of the environmental
Please send payment to: issues surrounding their products and their obligations to them. Some would argue that the
Filtration+Separation
USA Postmaster send all USA address corrections to:
industry takes its obligations to the environment too seriously at the detriment to business.
Customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department
The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington OX5 1GB United Kingdom Recently I was talking to Dr David Cartmell, executive chairman and CEO of BWA Water
Tel: (+44) (0)1865 843434 / Fax: (+44) (0)1865 843970
Email: JournalsCustomerServiceEMEA@elsevier.com Additives, and much of the conversation can be read on pages 16-19. David believes that there’s
Customers in Asia and Australasia:
Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department more responsibility for business leaders than just making profit, and many chemical companies
3 Killiney Road # 08-01 Winsland House 1 SINGAPORE 239519
Tel: (+65) 6349 0222 / Fax: (+65) 6733 1510
Email: JournalsCustomerServiceAPAC@elsevier.com
don’t go far enough in preserving the environment. He believes very strongly that if you’re putting
Customers in the United States & Canada:
Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Fulfilment Department
chemicals into the plant, you’ve got a responsibility for taking care of what happens to those
3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Heights, MO 63043 USA
Tel: (+1) 314 447 8878 / Toll: (+1) 877 839 7126 chemicals when they leave your plant.
Fax: ( +1) 314 447 8077
Email: Journalcustomerservice-usa@elsevier.com
Customers in Japan: Elsevier Journals Customer Service & Manufacturers may be meeting everything from a legal and permit perspective, but they could still
Fulfilment Department Higashi Azabu Bldg. 4F 1-9-15 Higashi-
Azabu Minatu-Ku Tokyo 106-0044 JAPAN Tel: (+81) 3 55615037
Fax: (+81) 3 55615047 Email: JournalsCustomerServiceJapan@
do more to improve their environmental profile. By complying with discharge regulations, what
elsevier.com comes from plants into the water is not going to hurt anybody or marine organisms, but is that it?
Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ and additional
mailing offices.
Missing issues:
Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six
To put it crudely: currently, what we have is water with stuff in it. It’s not exactly harmful, but its
months. stuff in there anyway, when really, it would be better if it wasn’t there. Although it’s not unsafe
The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are
not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held
responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged.
and it doesn’t cause any harm, but would it not be better if it was disposed of properly? In the case
ISSN 0015-1882/14 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
of additives this would mean quick and complete biodegradation.
All rights reserved.
This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are
protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms Dr Cartmell argues that the chemical industry should be pushing the boundaries, making its
and conditions apply to their use:

Photocopying
products more environmentally acceptable and improving its environmental profile. He is well
Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use
as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher aware of the needs of industry, and of taking a short-term, hard-nosed business decision while
and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying,
including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or
promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery.
meeting the regulations, but selling the cheapest product possible with the most sales.
Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to
make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Taking his responsibilities seriously as the CEO of a good-sized chemical company, he wants to do
Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44)
1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@
elsevier.com. You may also contact Global Rights directly through
something for the environment as well as make money. He believes that it is the right thing to
Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting
'Obtaining Permissions'. do, and if every company took that approach we could move things forward for the better, for the
In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments
through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1)
whole chemical industry, and not just the water industry.
(978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing
Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 Dr Cartmell would like the chemical industry to take itself forward, and have a better
(0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic
rights agency for payments. environmental profile. He believes that if you targeted the population of the most countries and
Derivative Works
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists asked: “What do you think we should do – make a little bit more money, or make our products
of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their
institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or
distribution outside the institution.
not just safer, but more acceptable to the environment?” They would go for the latter. He thinks
Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative
works, including compilations and translations.
we should be concerned as to how we deliver the long-term view, and our long-term view to him
Electronic Storage or Usage
Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically
is for a better environmental profile. I think he makes very valid points, but do you agree?
any material contained in this journal, including any article or part
of an article.
Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher.
Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights
Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above.

Notice
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/
or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any
methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material
herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences,
in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug Filtration+Separation – our environmental policy
dosages should be made.
Although all advertising material is expected to conform to
ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not
constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of
We are committed to reducing our environmental impact wherever possible, by limiting resource
such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. use and efficiently employing sustainable materials and technologies. This magazine is printed on
Free circulation enquiries a type of paper known as Apollo Gloss, which is manufactured from ECF pulp (bleached without
Caroline Champney Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane,
Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. using elemental chlorine) produced from renewable forest resources. The cover is produced using a
E-mail: c.champney@elsevier.com
Journal Number: 02127
water-based laminate.
for further information about our environmental policies, please visit www.reedelsevier.com.
Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.

contact: ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973. www.filtsep.com

Contributing Editor Advertising Germany, Switzerland and Austria Advertising copy

Mark Holmes Benelux Christian Hölscher, Sales Director Tel: +44 (0)1865 843819
Tel: +44 (0)1865 843441 Rodric Leerling, Sales Director Tel: +49 (0)89 95002778 E-mail: adcopy@elsevier.com
E-mail: m.holmes@elsevier.com E-mail: rodric.leerling@husonmedia.com E-mail: christian.hoelscher@husonmedia.com
Tel: +31 229 841882 Fax: +31 847 488240 Publisher
Managing Editor U.S. David Hopwood
Alan Burrows Europe (excluding Germany, Switzerland Michael Mitchell Tel: +44 (0)1865 843648
Content Development Editor and Austria) and Rest of World Tel: +1 631 673 0072 Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973
Amanda Jacob Stuart Payne, Account Manager E-mail: mjm@4m-media.com
Tel: +44 (0)1932 564999 Charlotte Alexandra Production
Analyst E-mail: stuart.payne@husonmedia.com Tel: +1 631 673 0072
Roisin Reidy Production support manager: Lin Lucas
E-mail: charlotte@4m-media.com
Tel: +44 (0)1865 843695
E-mail: r.reidy@elsevier.com
 4
Industry News

16

Interview with
Dr David Carmell,
BWA Water
Additives’ CEO &
chairman Technology
8
News

Contents • Features
IFAT Germany previewed 14
Looking ahead to the high-profile exhibition in Munich
• Editorial 1 during May.
In his editorial, managing editor Alan Burrows discusses the views
of BWA Water Additives’ CEO and chairman Dr David Cartmell. BWA Water Additives’ boss speaks out 16
We interview Dr David Cartmell, CEO and chairman of BWA
Water Additives, about the environment and the filtration
• Industry news 4 industry's responsibility towards it.
All the latest news from the filtration sector. Filtration in nuclear decommissioning 20
Chris Chadwick and Adam Swain of Porvair Filtration Group’s
Nuclear Services Division put forward their views on some of
• Technology news 8 the most important considerations for those involved in filtration
Our overview of the latest technical advances and developments in in the nuclear industry.
the industry.
Filtration and sedimentation in clean water production 24
Ken Sutherland looks at the role of filtration and sedimentation
in the production of safe drinking water, and of pure water for
other purposes.

Cover photography: Courtesy of www.shutterstock.com

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

 Contents 3

14
Event Preview
Drinking &
24
other pure water
production

Process water
28

Water &
16 wastewater

A new trend in mobile water treatment plant hire 28 • Applications

Mark Dyson of Aquamove looks at on-the-move water treatment Vortex filters make cost savings at German hospital 36
plants and their potential advantages to water treatment solution A successful rainwater harvesting project using strong filtration
searches. technology has helped cut utility costs at a medical centre in
Rotary fibre disk filtration in the treatment of oilfield Germany, writes architect Klaus Koenig.
wastewater 32
Currently the Rotary Fibre Disk Filtration (RFDF) is the
proven tertiary filtration system for municipal wastewater
• Diary Dates 48
treatment, but applying RFDF technology to oilfield wastewater
is challenging work. • Product Finder 46
• Advertisers’ Index 48

Dates to remember
• 4-7 March • 7-8 April
Smagua, Zaragoza, Spain Global Water Summit, Paris, France

• 19-21 March • 8-11April

AsiaWater, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia INDEX 2014, Geneva, Switzerland

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

4 Industry news
Private equity firm seals Siemens
Water Technologies purchase,
renames business Evoqua
AEA Investors LP has completed
the €640 million acquisition of
Siemens Water Technologies LLC’s
municipal, industrial and services
water and wastewater treatment
operations and assets (see
Filtration+Separation, November/
December 2013).
The new company will be called
Evoqua Water Technologies
LLC and will continue to offer
municipal and industrial water and
wastewater treatment equipment
and services. Evoqua’s key product
areas include activated carbon
for vapour and water filtration;
aeration; biological treatment;
chemical feed and disinfection;
controls, instruments and
Evoqua’s new logo.
Pall to buy ATMI’s
LifeSciences business
Pall Corp has entered into a
definitive agreement to acquire
ATMI Inc’s LifeSciences business
for US$185 million.
ATMI LifeSciences specialises
in single-use bioprocess
systems and consumables
for the pharmaceutical and
biopharmaceutical industries.
“This acquisition immediately
strengthens our offering and
broadens our already extensive
portfolio of advanced solutions
Naamloos-3 1
analyzers; conventional filtration;
ion exchange; laboratory water
products; liquid and vapour phase
odour control systems; membrane
filtration and separation; physical/
chemical treatment products;
separation and clarification
products; and sludge and biosolids
processing.
The name Evoqua originates from
the words evoke, evolve and aqua.
The existing management, led by
CEO Dr Lukas Loeffler, will remain
with Evoqua Water Technologies
under AEA ownership.
“AEA’s primary professionals
interfacing with us have years of
water, specialty chemicals and
industrial experience. Combined
with our expertise, proven
legacy brands and advanced
water and wastewater treatment
technologies, the company is well-
positioned for its next evolution
to helping our customers achieve
success,” said Dr Loeffler.
www.evoqua.com
www.aeainvestors.com
for biopharmaceutical customers,”
said Pall chairman and CEO
Larry Kingsley.
ATMI CEO Doug Neugold
added: “We are very happy to
have Pall as the new owner of
this business, and believe the
fit and their capabilities will
accelerate its growth and provide
great support to our customers.”
www.pall.com
www.atmi.com/lifesciences
For more business news, read
Filtration Industry Analyst every month.
Download a sample copy at www.filtrationindustryanalyst.com
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
BakerCorp adds to filtration
operations with Kaselco acquisition
BakerCorp International has
bought Kaselco LLC, a privately-
held manufacturer and provider of
water treatment solution systems
based in Shiner, Texas, USA.
The new BakerCorp filtration
systems will be able to treat
water across a broad range of
applications, including fracking,
using patented technology.
Doug Herber, the former president
of Kaselco, will join BakerCorp
as its new vice president of Water
Treatment Technologies, to help
lead the expansion of BakerCorp’s
water recycle and treatment
business.
“The acquisition of Kaselco is
strongly aligned with our filtration
growth strategy. The acquisition
brings the critical technical
Filtration Group expands further
by acquiring Buffalo Filter
Just days after completing the
acquisition of Porex Corp,
Filtration Group Corp has
added surgical smoke evacuation
specialist Buffalo Filter to its
growing portfolio of companies
(see Filtration+Separation,
November/December 2013).
Founded in 1991 and based in
Lancaster, New York, Buffalo
Filter is a medical device
manufacturer and supplier
of surgical smoke evacuation
equipment. The company’s
products are used to evacuate and
filter hazardous smoke plume and/
or aerosols created during surgical
procedures.
Filtration Group, which is owned
by Chicago-based Madison
Capital Partners, is a developer,
designer and manufacturer of
knowledge and experience
to supplement BakerCorp’s
strong market presence in water
treatment solution offerings,”
explained Mehrzad Emanuel,
BakerCorp’s vice president of
Filtration.
BakerCorp, which is headquartered
in Seal Beach, California,
specialises in tank, pump, filtration
and shoring equipment rentals,
with operations in North America,
Europe, Canada and Mexico.
The company has a rental fleet of
more than 20 000 units, including
steel tanks, polyethylene tanks,
roll-off boxes, pumps, pipes, hoses
and fittings, filtration units, tank
trailers, berms and trench shoring
equipment.
www.bakercorp.com
www.kaselco.com
liquid, air and fluid filtration
solutions. The Filtration Group
portfolio already includes AG
Industries, Air Flow Technology,
Chemco Manufacturing, Clear
Edge Filtration, Dafco Filtration
Group, Filtrair, Filtran, Filtration
Group, Global Filter, Jonell,
Porex, Universal Air Filter and
Waco Filters. AG Industries, Clear
Edge Filtration, Jonell and Porex
were all acquired during 2013.
• Meanwhile, Stephen Felice has
been appointed president and
CEO of Filtration Group Corp.
Felice joins Filtration Group from
Dell, the information technology
company, where he served as
president and chief commercial
officer.
www.filtrationgroup.com
www.buffalofilter.com
29-01-14 09:04:25
6 Industry news
SWM INTL moves into filtration
by acquiring DelStar
Specialty paper producer
Schweitzer-Mauduit International
Inc (SWM INTL) has acquired
DelStar Inc from investment firm
American Capital Strategies in a
US$231.5 million cash deal.
Headquartered in Middletown,
Delaware, DelStar is a custom
manufacturer of plastic and
metal components used in
filtration. Products include
extruded netting, apertured films,
meltblown media and extruded
cores. While the majority of
DelStar’s revenue comes from
filtration products, namely reverse
osmosis and other water filtration
applications, the company has
a broad customer base in a wide
range of industries and market
segments, including fast-growing
specialty industrial filtration
segments, as well as in healthcare,
automotive, industrial, food,
electronics and textiles.
“The acquisition of DelStar
creates an attractive growth
platform in an adjacent business
area for SWM as we greatly
expand our presence in advanced
materials, focused in large part
on filtration,” said Frederic
Villoutreix, chairman and CEO
of SWM. “This combination
offers substantial opportunities to
co-develop composite materials,
bring paper-based filtration
products to DelStar’s broad
customer base, and leverage
Desalitech partners with
Toyo Engineering
Desalitech and Japan’s Toyo
Engineering Corp have entered
into a strategic partnership to
introduce water and wastewater
treatment solutions to Japanese,
East Asian and international
markets.
The collaboration will bring
Desalitech’s Closed Circuit
Desalination (CCD) reverse
osmosis (RO) solutions to East
Asian and other international
markets to increase water
recovery, improve energy
efficiency, reduce environmental
Naltex® extruded netting from DelStar.
SWM’s global infrastructure and
capital to support accelerated
growth efforts for the DelStar
franchise. Although attractive
purely on a standalone basis,
DelStar is an ideal cornerstone
acquisition on which we can
build a meaningful critical
components platform with a focus
on filtration.”
Mark Abrahams, DelStar
president and CEO, said: “We
could not be more pleased with
SWM’s choice to bring DelStar
Technologies into their family.
The combined resources of
both enterprises will strengthen
our ability to pursue promising
opportunities in our base business
as well as potential acquisitions.
Together, I know we can deliver
innovative advanced solutions to
our diverse customer base.”
www.swmintl.com
www.delstarinc.com
impact and bring down disposal
costs.
“Our goal is to reduce our
customer’s water and energy
footprint while increasing process
reliability and flexibility,” said
Kumar Akhilesh, Toyo senior
executive officer and Infrastructure
business unit director. “This
combination of better performance
and greater environmental
responsibility is important for
Japanese and global markets.”
www.desalitech.com
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
New funding and management
for FilterMag International
Magnetic filtration specialist
FilterMag International has raised
US$2.5 million in a private Series
A preferred share offering to
accredited and strategic investors.
This new capital will be used
to accelerate time-to-market
initiatives and stimulate revenue
growth. The funding will also be
used to secure strategic partners
and international distributors
serving the mining, oil & gas,
heavy construction, trucking and
transit, marine and manufacturing
markets.
FilterMag has also put new
management in place by
appointing Silicon Valley
entrepreneur and investor
Herbert Martin as CEO. Martin,
who has broad experience
growing start-up and mid-cap
companies, has served as CEO
of a number of venture-backed
H2O Innovation wins new contracts
in Canada’s oil & gas industry
H2O Innovation Inc has secured
new water treatment contracts
worth C$6.5 million in Western
Canada’s energy sector.
Two major contracts were
awarded by an independent
energy company engaged in the
exploration, development and
production of natural gas and oil
in North America. Under the two
contracts, H2O Innovation will
design, build and commission a
potable water treatment package
as well as a wastewater treatment
package for a 2300-person worker
camp in Northern Alberta.
H2O Innovation delivered two
similar units to the same client
last autumn. The potable water
treatment plant, which includes
provision of raw water pumping,
filtration using cartridge filters,
ultrafiltration and reverse
osmosis as well as chlorination
prior to storage in an above
ground bolted steel potable water
storage tank, will produce 575
m3/day of fully treated potable
water. H2O Innovation will also
supply a 517.5 m3/day membrane
private companies including
Mercator, which was sold to Onyx
Systems, Wollongong, which was
bought by Attachmate, and Salira
Optical Network Systems, which
was acquired by Hitachi Data
Systems.
Scottsdale, Arizona-headquartered
FilterMag is a global provider
of magnetic filtration solutions
that improve the life expectancy,
system reliability and uptime
of strategic capital equipment
assets while lowering operating
costs. The patented FilterMag
products use custom-designed,
heat resistant Neodymium alloy
magnets that are mathematically
optimised and magnetically
modelled for applications to
substantially reduce the presence
of harmful particles from oil,
hydraulic and fuel systems.
www.filtermag.com
bioreactor (MBR) wastewater
treatment plant consisting of raw
wastewater pumping, anoxic and
aerobic tanks, membrane tanks,
disinfection by ultraviolet light
and discharge to an engineered
disposal field.
“Our expertise in water
purification and sewage
treatment, our value-added design
and our ability to execute and
deliver on time are some of the
key factors that have enabled us
to secure this second project,”
explained H2O Innovation
president and CEO Frédéric
Dugré.
A third contract, awarded by an
international company operating
in Alberta that specialises in
in-situ oil sands production, will
see H2O Innovation design, build
and commission a membrane-
based water treatment package
to treat well water for domestic
use within a central processing
facility.
www.h2oinnovation.com

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Clarcor acquires Bekaert
Advanced Filtration
Clarcor Inc has bought NV
Bekaert SA’s Bekaert Advanced
Filtration business for €6 million.
Like Clarcor’s Purolator EFP
subsidiary, the Advanced
Filtration business manufactures
and supplies engineered metal
filters and systems used primarily
in the polymer fibre and plastics
industries. Clarcor has renamed
the newly acquired business
Purolator Advanced Filtration.
With estimated 2013 sales of €15
million and approximately 170
employees, Purolator Advanced
Filtration has manufacturing
facilities in Belgium and Indonesia,
as well as sales personnel in North
and South America.
The acquisition includes a supply
contract that will allow the
combined business to continue to
purchase specialised Bekipor metal
fibre filtration media from Bekaert
for incorporation into certain
products.
Christopher Conway, Clarcor’s
chairman, president and CEO,
said: “Bekaert is known in
the industry for its top level
engineering capabilities and
superior product quality, and it
Nederman secures major air filtration
order from US textile industry
Nederman is to supply a SEK93
million complete turnkey air
filtration and air conditioning
system to Gildan Yarns LLC’s
new yarn spinning facility that is
under construction in Salisbury,
North Carolina, USA.
The order includes more than 30
automatic panel filters, fine dust
filters, a complete hi-vacuum
waste removal, a reclaim system
and 6 km of ducts.
The Nederman system will reduce
dust levels in the new production
facility to meet OSHA
regulations (Occupational Safety
& Health Administration) and
supply conditioned air to the yarn
processing equipment to maintain
is not uncommon for customers
with demanding applications to
insist upon Bekaert Advanced
Filtration systems and filters.
The acquisition of the Advanced
Filtration business will expand the
technical capabilities of Purolator
EFP, improve the product offerings
that the company brings to market
and help us continue to grow in
Europe and in Asia.”
• Clarcor has also completed the
acquisition of the air filtration
business of General Electric Co’s
Power & Water division (see
Filtration+Separation, November/
December 2013). Headquartered
in Overland Park, Kansas, USA,
the acquired business supplies
air filtration systems and filters
used in gas turbine applications,
as well as industrial air filtration
products and membranes. Under
Clarcor ownership, the air
filtration business will maintain
and promote the BHA and Altair
names and operate as Clarcor
Industrial Air. The business’s
results will be included in
Clarcor’s Industrial/Environmental
Filtration segment.
www.clarcor.com
www.bekaert.com
www.ge-energy.com/filtration
high production levels. It will also
reduce the energy required by as
much as 25% over conventional
air conditioning supply systems.
“This is one of our largest orders
ever. It has been taken in tough
competition but we believe
that it is an important order
in a market where the textile
industry increasingly moves back
production to the US again,” said
Sven Kristensson, Nederman’s
CEO.
Installation of the Nederman
system is expected to start during
the first half of 2014 and be
completed during 2015.
www.nederman.com
Lewabrane filter
elements treat German
power plant’s water
Lewabrane membrane elements at the Dammweg thermal power plant’s reverse
osmosis facility in Chemnitz, Germany (Courtesy of eins energie in sachsen GmbH &
Co KG).
LANXESS’s fouling-resistant
membrane technology is being
used on a large scale in Europe for
the first time.
A set of 60 Lewabrane RO
B400 FR filter elements at the
Dammweg thermal power station
in Chemnitz, Germany apply a
reverse osmosis process to cleanse
50–60 cubic metres of pre-treated
river water per hour for steam
generation purposes.
“The 90% reduction in the
organic contamination of river
water demanded by the operator
FLSmidth supplies cement production
line, including filters, to Qatar
FLSmidth has received a DKK515
million order from Qatari cement
producer Al Khalij Cement
to provide a complete cement
production line for a plant in
Umm Bab, approximately 100 km
east of Doha.
The order includes all main
equipment for the production line:
conveyor transport systems, mills,
complete pyro line, electrical and
automation systems as well as
filters.
Industry news 7
of the power plant can be easily
achieved using our membrane
technology,” said Dr Jens Lipnizki,
head of membranes technical
marketing in LANXESS’s Liquid
Purification Technologies business
unit.
The reverse osmosis facility in
the Chemnitz power plant was
developed and designed by the
Celle-based water technology
company Berkefeld, a subsidiary
of the global group Veolia Water
Solutions & Technologies.
www.lewabrane.com
The production line will be a
duplicate of the existing line,
which was supplied by FLSmidth
in 2007.
FLSmidth will engineer the plant
and supply the main equipment
for the production line, which is
being supplied in cooperation with
CNBM International Engineering,
part of China National Building
Materials (CNBM).
www.flsmidth.com
8 Technology news
BASF launches new cationic
powder flocculant collection
BASF has launched a new ultra-
high molecular weight cationic
powder flocculant range with
Zetag Ultra for solid/liquid
separation in industrial and
municipal waste water treatment.
Zetag Ultra has been developed
combining BASF’s long-standing
application expertise in water
solutions with its extensive
polymer research know-how,
focusing on specific customer
requirements while considering
environmental aspects.
Zetag Ultra complements the
existing BASF flocculant range
to better serve future equipment
trends in the dewatering
market. Because of its effective
bridging capabilities, Zetag Ultra
shows advanced dewatering
performance.
It offers strong floc integrity to
withstand high shear forces which
makes it especially effective for
the use in centrifuge applications
as well as for dissolved air
flotation.
Researchers involved in BASF’s new cationic flocculant range are pictured at work.
IDE Technologies’ reverse osmosis solution chosen for India’s largest desalination plant
IDE Technologies has announced
that Reliance Industries, India’s
largest private sector company,
has ordered its first seawater
reverse osmosis (SWRO)
desalination solution from IDE.
Reliance chose IDE’s SWRO
solution to meet the increased
“Today industrial and municipal
water treatment plants are
challenged to achieve maximum
performance under increasing
cost pressure,” said Marcus Fuest,
global industry marketing water
solutions.
“Zetag Ultra has proven its
excellent performance in a
variety of extensive plant trials
worldwide. Our customers report
that cake solids of dewatered
sludge increased in average by
15%. Other customer cases show
a significant dose saving of up to
20%. Furthermore the centrate
has an improved capture rate.” He
called Zetag Ultra as ‘the ultimate
fit to answer our customers’ needs’.
BASF’s introduction is one of the
highlights that will be featured
at this year’s IFAT 2014, the
world’s leading trade fair for
water, sewage, waste and raw
materials management, being held
in Munich, Germany, from May
5-9, 2014.
www.basf.com
water capacity needs of the
plant at one of India’s largest oil
refineries.
The new SWRO plant will yield
pure processed water. The plant
will be close to the sea, decreasing
the length of pipes and thereby
reducing costs related to pumping.
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Marijuana centre in USA utilises
Desalitech’s water treatment
Kind Love, a US-state licensed
medical marijuana centre – which
manufactured infused products
(MIP) and is involved in optional
premises cultivation in Denver,
Colorado – is to improve the
operational efficiency and
environmental sustainability of its
growing operations by installing
a Closed Circuit Desalination
(CCD) reverse osmosis (RO)
system.
The CCD system, which will
produce up to 22,000 gallons
of purified water per day, is
being supplied by Desalitech,
a provider of high-efficiency
water production and wastewater
treatment solutions. Desalitech’s
system will remove any impurities
or residuals in the municipal
water source to create a pure
water base before the addition
of nutrients to the hydroponic
operation’s irrigation water supply.
The system will also be fed with
“tile” or drainage water from the
operation, enabling the facility
to recover 97% of its waste water,
reducing new water demand and
saving disposal fees.
“Desalitech’s CCD system will
produce high quality purified
water for our production facility
while reducing our water footprint
and energy consumption,’’ said
Michael Williamson, Kind
Love’s chief operations officer.
‘’Beyond this system being a smart
business decision with an ROI
in just 15 months, it is a huge
step towards one of our ultimate
company goals, which is to
reduce our carbon footprint. Kind
Love is committed to growing
safe medical grade cannabis
based products for our patients
“Over the past several years,
we’ve established a strong
partnership with Reliance built
on trust and success with our
reliable desalination solutions,”
said Avshalom Felber, CEO
of IDE Technologies. “With
Reliance’s first installation of our
SWRO solution, we look forward
through sustainable business
practices.”
Among the advantages of
Desalitech’s water treatment
solution is greater water use
efficiency, with water recovery
rates of 93% or higher, compared
to the typical 75% recovery
rates of conventional RO
systems. Furthermore, CCD
systems consume 20% less energy,
providing additional cost savings.
“A reliable and sustainable
water source is essential for any
farm, and Desalitech’s system is
guaranteed to sustain Kind Love’s
operations around-the-clock
with a level of performance that
sets a new standard for water
reuse and energy efficiency,”
said Desalitech executive vice
president Rick Stover. “CCD is a
scalable solution that is meeting
the water demands of a variety of
agricultural operations around the
world, indoors and out.”
Kind Love has become an industry
leader through merging science,
cutting-edge technology and
proven horticulture techniques
in producing and developing
high-grade safe cannabis based
medicines. Kind Love’s currently
maintains and cultivates 2,000
plants on perpetual and consistent
basis. All plants are grown
hydroponically in state-licensed
warehouses and are tracked “from
seed to sale” in a POS system.
The company’s new optional
premises cultivation is a 24-hour-
a-day operating facility that will
house 10,000 plants and create
150 new jobs in Colorado.
http://desalitech.com/
to taking our partnership to the
next level. We are excited that
one of India’s largest seawater
desalination plants is to follow in
the tradition of our other large-
scale SWRO plants, including our
leading projects.”
www.ide-tech.com
SOME THINGS ARE
HARDER TO GET
THROUGH THAN OTHERS.

ABSOLUTE™ –
THE MOST RELIABLE HEPA FILTER
Absolute™ is the most reliable HEPA filter when
you want to protect people and process air from
dangerous particles.
Absolute™ air filters is a series of high quality HEPA filters. Whatever your
needs are, there is an Absolute™ filter for you. Absolute™ filters are avai-
lable in several sizes in plastic, metal and wood frame.

www.camfil.com
10 Technology news
Composite mesh filter by Porvair
offers high cleaning efficiency
The four and five layer composite meshes are produiced as self-supporting cylinders.
Porvair Filtration Group has
introduced four and five layer
composite mesh filters, produced
at its US facility in Ashland,
Virginia, that provide extremely
high efficiency filtration in both
gas and liquid applications.
The new four and five layer
composite meshes are made as
self-supporting cylinders that,
when incorporated into dedicated
filtration systems, enable routine
filtration down to sub-micron levels.
Suitable for use in a wide range
of applications such as critical
chemical filtration duties and for
high challenge backwash refinery
Andritz Separation claims reduction in power
consumption of up to 40% with centrifuges
International technology group
Andritz has launched a new series
of decanter centrifuges for the
environment sector, achieving up
to 40% less power consumption,
while maintaining throughput
and efficiency.
The new series was developed at the
company’s Center of Competence
in Châteauroux, France, to counter
rising power costs and enable
customers to obtain an attractive
return on investment.
Its power-saving features are
available on the new D5 to
D10 decanters and benefit
from a direct-drive gearbox
slurry oil filters, the multi-layer
composite mesh filters are
designed to be cleaned in-situ.
These new products offer the
highest cleaning efficacy of any
conventional metallic filter, the
company claims, combined with
good permeability to maintain
good throughput of filtered media.
Porvair Filtration Group is an
international business involved
in the development and supply
of materials and products for
applications in filtration and
separation.
www.porvair.com
for the scroll drive, which cuts
power consumption by reducing
frictional and electrical losses
from pulleys, belts, motors, and
variable-frequency drives.
Further advantages are
the Andritz TurboJet weir plates
(also available as retrofit for many
decanters) and the High Hydraulic
Pressure (HHP) decanter design to
cut the power loss. The combined
effect of these features accounts
for up to 40% power savings
claims the company, and therefore
reducing operating costs and total
cost of ownership.
www.andritz.com
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
DOW goes global with Tequatic Plus Fine
Particle Filter deliveries to China and Europe
Dow Water & Process Solutions
has introduced the Tequatic Plus
fine particle filter to the China
and European markets in October
and November respectively, The
move comes one year after its
launch in North America.
Since then, the company has said,
it has gained momentum in many
applications for difficult, high-
solids water, including industrial
wastewater treatment and reuse,
supported by a new manufacturing
plant in California.
“Customers have a growing
need to protect important water
resources with a cost-effective,
high-performance solution,” said
Cedella Beazley, business unit
director, Filtration, DW&PS.
“The Tequatic Plus filter can help
customers improve the efficiency
of their operations while also
reducing their environmental
footprint through, for example,
less waste, high water recovery
and high uptime.”
The filter combines the power
of continuously cleaning, cross-
flow filtration with centrifugal
‘Revolutionary’ programme for sustainable
wastewater treatment is rolled out by US
duo Chemtreat and World Water Works
USA-based companies Chemtreat
and World Water Works claim
their partnership will deliver a
‘revolutionary’ new system for
sustainable wastewater treatment
in the industrial sector.
They have launched the Assured
Compliance Program (ACP),
a solution that uses ‘the most
advanced’ wastewater automation
and control technology to
deliver lowest lifecycle treatment
costs while ensuring sustainable
environmental compliance.
The programme, specifically
tailored to each customer, uses
a proprietary automation and
control system that provides
robust, automated, and highly
reliable industrial process control.
separation and solids collection
into one device to meet the
demands of extreme water
environments. It is unique to
the tough water space, reliably
handling high and variable total
suspended solids up to 10,000
mg/L without frequent filter
changes, even in the presence of
oil. These features enable it to
overcome the shortcomings of
conventional technologies such as
bag and cartridge filters.
John Patrin, global marketing
manager, Filtration, cited a
recent success in the wastewater
treatment and reuse market at a
meat processing plant.
“When integrated into an
existing wastewater treatment
system, the Tequatic Plus filter
removed 98% of the solids above
20 microns – using a 35-micron
filter – in a feedwater stream
containing total suspended solids
levels of 2,000 mg/L above 20
micron,” he said. “This was
achieved with no fouling or
backwash cycles, and with a 99%
water recovery.”
www.dowwaterandprocess.com
The ACP combines World
Water Works’ wastewater
technologies with Chemtreat’s
chemical solutions to gain a
highly efficient and economical
result with proven reliability.
Using services from each
company, the team’s engineers
and technicians evaluate every
aspect of the problem before
implementing a customised
solution.
Solution development
includes in-depth exploration
of opportunities for water
reuse, resource recovery, waste
minimisation, and energy and
chemical reduction.
www.chemtreat.com
www.worldwaterworks.com
 Technology news 11
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Anglian Water chooses to polish sand filtration

through new deal with Hydro International
UK-based Anglian Water has
selected continuously operating
sand filtration technology from
Hydro International as part of
a strategic new ‘Tertiary Solids
Removal Framework’ in the
run-up to the AMP6 project.
The Framework is for an initial
three-year period with a potential
subsequent extension to five
years.
A total of 67 DynaSand filters
from Hydro are already in
use across 21 Anglian Water
sites. They are used for tertiary
treatment of sewage effluent,
removal of suspended solids
or ‘polishing’ and phosphate
removal.
Keith Hayward, sales and
marketing manager of Hydro
International Wastewater
Division, commented: “The
framework demonstrates Anglian
Water’s confidence in DynaSand
continuously operating sand
filters from Hydro and in their
long-standing reliability and
versatility.
“The AMP6 spending programme
is placing growing emphasis on
getting more through-life value
from wastewater assets,” he said.
“The DynaSand units across 21
Anglian Water sites are ample
proof of this and the efficiency
of the technology. We hope this
number will grow significantly
during AMP6.”
The DynaSand vertical sand filter
operates continuously using an
internal washing process which
eliminates the need for water
storage tanks, backwash pumps
and water collection. With a
small footprint, it can be used for
effluent and drinking water solids
removal.
www.hydro-international.com
Hydro DynaSand Anglian Water.

Oil & Gas and Chemical Processing

Filtration & Separations Conference

March 25-26, 2014 • Houston Marriott Westchase, Texas

Make plans to attend the largest filtration and separation technical conference in the U.S.
Visit http://spring.afssociety.org/ for more information and to see the conference schedule.

Plenary Sessions (include, but not limited to): Technical Sessions (include but not limited to):

Nature-Inspired Gemimetic Filtration Membranes for Produced Water Processing

Chemical Processing Filtration – Prof. Kuo-Lun (Allan
Filtration & Separations Modeling and Simulations
Tung, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Chemical Assisted Separations
An Overview of the Situation, Development and
Opportunity of China Filtration and Separation – Prof. Natural Gas/NGL Treating
Qixin Zhu, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Dr. Lihong
Du, Shanghai Institute of Chemical Industry Adsorption and Absorption
12 Technology news
Quality control of potable water
via Automatic Particle Counting
The Pamas waterviewer.
German-based company PAMAS
is preparing to showcase its
WaterViewer product at this
year’s Analytica 2014 event in
April, and IFAT the following
month.
The device takes measurements
online and is installed as a fixed
stationary instrument for water
condition monitoring. It is used
for the cleanliness control of
potable water, raw water and
purified waste water or process
water.
Biwater awarded North Carolina
reverse osmosis project contract
Biwater has been awarded a
reverse osmosis (RO) contract
for use in North Carolina, USA,
by T A Loving Company to
support Dixon Water Treatment
Plant improvement works being
carried out by Onslow Water and
Sewer Authority (ONWASA) in
Jacksonville.
Biwater’s RO system will increase
Dixon Water Treatment Plant’s
potable water production
capacity, and comply with new
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) standards,
removing silica and organics from
the influent.
This design, manufacture,
supervise and commission
contract will see Biwater
delivering three one million
gallons per day (MGD (US))
This particle counter measures
online during operation. If pre-
defined limits are exceeded, the
WaterViewer will instantaneously
give an alert, ensuring that any
deterioration of the water quality
is known and communicated.
For condition monitoring,
the PAMAS WaterViewer
may be connected to up to 32
measuring points. With the aid of
microprocessor controlled valves, it
is easy to change between measuring
points and bypass connections.
The PAMAS WaterViewer may be
fitted optionally with an automatic
Sensor Flushing Unit, the
PAMAS SFU. This attachment
will automatically remove
mineral deposits (eg, manganese,
calcium, iron oxide, etc) from the
optical cell windows which may
otherwise diminish the laser light
beam. The instrument works 24
hours a day without the need for
supervision, PAMAS states.
The WaterViewer can be seen at
the two shows this Spring.
www.pamas.de
RO trains; as well as providing
appropriate chemical dosing
systems, pre-treatment cartridge
filtration, plant instrumentation,
PLC, supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA) and
Remote IO stations.
Commenting on the contract
award, Richard Smith, director
for the Americas, Biwater
International, and president,
Biwater AEWT, said: “With
the largest installed municipal
membrane treatment capacity
in North America, Biwater
continues to lead the way. We
continually ensure that the latest
technology is incorporated in
our designs and environmental
standards are adhered to, and
where possible, exceeded.”
www.biwater.com
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Veolia unveils software aimed to help change
attitudes to municipal wastewater treatment
Engineers at Veolia Water
Solutions & Technologies have
developed a software package,
Ocean, which is aimed to help
change attitudes and approaches
to municipal wastewater
treatment.
‘A sewage treatment plant should
no longer be viewed as a disposal
facility,’ the company’s literature
states.
‘It can be an opportunity
to generate energy, recover
resources, and recycle water
thus reducing our reliance on
fresh water supplies. Ocean
can contribute to this by, for
example, identifying energy-
saving solutions and changing
wastewater treatment from a net
importer of resources into a net
exporter.’
‘’Raw sewage has a potential to
generate 0.6 kW/m3, but most
of this is lost in the treatment
process,” said Kieran Healey,
synergies and integration manager
of Veolia.
“With a typical plant consuming
0.3 – 0.4 kW/m3 of raw
wastewater treated, there is
clearly potential for improving
energy sustainability.”
To achieve this improvement
it is necessary to know how the
various treatment process units
interact with each other so that
options can be identified – such
Tosoh launches its latest separation media
Tosoh has launched its new
separation media Toyopearl AF-r
Protein A HC-650F.
The biopharmaceutical industry
is growing rapidly, and Protein
A–affinity separation media is
necessary for the purification
of monoclonal antibodies in
the production of antibody
biopharmaceuticals. Tosoh’s new
Protein A–affinity separation
media exhibits high binding
affinity, alkaline resistance, and
mechanical stability. Toyopearl
AF-r Protein A HC-650F is a
A summary of the useful features of Ocean.
as retrofits like improved process
control or capital investments
like thermal hydrolysis.
Ocean calculates energy balances,
sludge production and carbon
dioxide emissions so that the
options can be properly evaluated.
The inputs to the software are
the treatment process units, the
design loads and the operating
parameters.
Using benchmark data collected
from over 3,500 Veolia municipal
wastewater treatment plants
around the world, Ocean
constructs a plant model including
chemical consumption, sludge
production, energy balance and
carbon dioxide emissions.
Ocean displays these graphically
so that alternatives can then
be quickly compared against
the current parameters to
assess potential performance
improvements and cost-savings.
www.veoliawaterst.com
high-performance separation
media that achieves 30% to 50%
greater antibody adsorption than
similar products, the company
claims.
That represents binding capacity
of 70 grams of antibody volume
per litre of separation media. Even
when Toyopearl AF-r Protein A
HC-650F is used on high titre
samples, its high adsorption
ensures quality antibodies, the
Japanese company states.
www.tosoh.com
 Technology news 13
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Champion launches Meissner’s G Capsule Filter is

‘dynamic’ Fram filters
Champion Laboratories (Europe)
has launched its Fram Industrial
E10 filter line, designed to offer
efficiency and pressure drop for
use in gas-turbine operation.
Featuring a 100% synthetic media
constructed from polyester and
polyethylene, the E10 filter has
been independently tested and
certified to EN1822:2009 as an
E10 filter, providing all-round
value to a gas-turbine operation.
Ed Owen, industrial engineering
manager, Champion Laboratories
(Europe), said: “Fram Industrial is
determined to offer the very best
filter solutions and the new Fram
E10 filter is a dynamic product that
delivers the best all round solution
for GT filtration. The advance
from EN779 to EN1822 is a
significant step and although there
are products on the market which
offer higher efficiency, this is only
one of several factors which make
a good filter. Fram Industrial
believes the perfect balance for
filtration in the GT market has
been found with Fram E10.”
The filter’s key features include:
• Interchangeable components
to suit the application and
environmental challenge at
each site.
• Independently laboratory tested
and certified to EN1822:2009
for E10.
• Fram-Clench, an inner and
outer clenched liner that
provides a mechanical lock
without damaging the liner
surface. Designed to comply
with GE TIL 1571.
• Fram-Bead technology
maximises dust-release space,
pulsable surface area and
provides an even and consistent
pleat spacing to prolong the life
of the filter.
www.champlabs.com
optimised for single-use systems
Meissner has introduced the assembly can be delivered as a
ALpHA G, an absolute rated single presterilised unit with one
depth type prefilter, which has inlet and one outlet for maximum
been optimised for compatibility convenience and ‘plug and play’
with a gamma irradiation cycle functionality.
commonly used to sterilize single-
use systems. www.meissner.com
The prefilter features a tapered
pore structure, which provides
high flow rates and delivers high
dirt holding capacity. ALpHA
G capsule filters can be ordered
sterile for immediate use, and are
available in retention ratings from
0.6μm to 20μm.
The filter can be specified
in a wide range of capsule
configurations to provide seamless
scalability from laboratory work
and process development through
production.
For applications requiring
multistage filtration and
larger surface areas than can
be accommodated by a single
filter, the ALpHA G media can
be specified in the UltraSnap
filter assembly. The UltraSnap ALpHA G filter assembly: single-use.

Koch releases animated MegaPure promo

film for viewing on YouTube site
Koch Membrane Systems, the
US-based filtration company,
has launched a five-minute
promotional film highlighting its
MegaPure hollow fibre cartridge.
It claims the free fibre
construction offers the most
effective solids management in
Champion Laboratories’ Fram E10 Filter. the market.
The short animated film,
available to be viewed on
YouTube here –
http://www.youtube.com/embed/
e6WUJUbPNxk?autoplay=1
– emphasises MegaPure’s
performance advantages.
www kochmembrane.com

Leading Manufacturer of
specialist Activated Carbons
Eurocarb, the European subsidiary of Haycarb plc, offers a complete range of Activated Carbon products for
Gas and Liquid purification. Extensive facilities in the UK are backed up by parent company manufacturing
and product innovation capabilities, allowing rapid delivery of high quality products throughout Europe,
matching precisely the needs of our customers.
14 Events
Show preview:
A sneek peek
at what’s in store
for IFAT 2014
xclusive previews and pre-show announcements were the order of
E the day at the IFAT ‘media dialogue’ early in the New Year. The ICM at
the Munich trade fair centre hosted the event, which drew over 150
exhibitors and journalists to Germany four months before the event itself.
In January this year 80 journalists
travelled to Munich to meet with
around 70 companies preparing to
exhibit at this year’s IFAT show.
The event was a preview of the
exhibition which will be held
over five days, May 5-9, in the
German city.
Organisers chose the special
preview to announce that IFAT
2014 was now fully booked,
with 3,000 exhibitors scheduled
to attend in 230,000m2 of
exhibition space. It was also
announced that the showcase will
also host Germany’s GreenTec
Awards – billed as ‘Europe’s
largest environmental and
business prize’ – with many of
the exhibitors who attended the
preview entering the competition.
GreenTec’s awards night will be
staged on the eve of IFAT itself.
The preview itself attracted some
of the major names who will
attend in May, including BASF,
which launched its new cationic
powder flocculant range with
Zetag Ultra for high dewatering
performance at low dosage rates
at the preview event.
“We’ve developed this because
we saw a special market need,’’
said Marcus Fuest, BASF global
industry marketing water
solutions, who attended the
media dialogue especially to
launch the solid/liquidation
separation advance.
“Today’s industrial and municipal
water treatment plants are
challenged to achieve maximum
performance under increasing cost
pressure.
“Zetag Ultra has proven its
excellent performance in a variety
of extensive plant trials worldwide.
Our customers report that
cake solids of dewatered sludge
increased on average by 15%,
which is a step-change. Other
customer cases show a significant
dose saving of up to 20%.”
Mr Fuest said the company was
advantaged because it could
‘bundle’ its expertise in its various
divisions into business-facing
units, and market solutions to
those who need them.
Matthias Halusa, vice president of
BASF’s Water Solutions business,
commented: “The introduction
of Zetag Ultra is an important
milestone for positioning BASF as
a leading provider of innovative
chemical solutions in the water
industry worldwide, supporting
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
sustainable natural resource
management.”
Ultrafiltration technology
specialist Inge, which became
part of BASF in 2011, will also
have a presence at IFAT, and
will be highlighting its Multibore
membrane solution.
Grundfos was equally newsworthy,
with its plan to launch ‘new key
developments’ to its Optomised
Water Solutions at IFAT.
“We are raising the bar for
sustainable product solutions
within energy efficiency and
water,’’ said Tao Bindslev,
Grundfos’s group vice president.
A new ‘Demand Driven
Distribution Controller’ helps
reduce water leakage losses and
gives ‘unbeatable efficiency’.
Building on its 2012 IFAT launch
– the company’s SE/SL heavy
duty wastewater pumps with
S-tube impeller – the business
will reveal a new range extension
within the SE/SL portfolio at this
year’s event.
Grundfos confirmed it plans to
have its improved KPL and KWM
Axial and mixed flow pumps
for flood control applications
on show. The company’s new
Turbulence Optimiser for these
pumps increases efficiency by 2%,
Grundfos claims, and delegates
at the exhibition will be able to
see these as two-metre-high KPL
pumps at the company’s stand.
Grundfos also reported that it
has developed the Grundfos KLP
Pump App, for free download
from Apple – the Google Play
version is coming soon, the
company has said – to show
how the pump’s features provide
benefits to customers and IFAT
attendees are invited to Grundfos’s
stand to have their picture taken
beside the ‘augmented reality’
pump.
Alfa Laval, the global provider of
specialised engineering solutions,
will highlight its Iso-Disc cloth
media filters which allows for
high-quality effluent and its
screw press for effective sludge
dewatering.
The Iso-Disc is a new product
from the company, based on
technology from US-based
Ashbrook Simon-Hartley which
Alfa Laval acquired in 2012. The
filters capture solids to 10 microns
in size, without having to build
up a filter mat and without any

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
BASF chose to unveil its new cationic powder flocculant range at the press preview.
run-in time, making it possible
to achieve a high-purity, reuse
quality filtrate.
At the preview Brian Munch,
general manager environment,
was keen to emphasise that the
company could deliver solutions
to a wide range of projects. This
includes the company’s Screw
Press units which allow separation
to take place inside an inclined
drum fitted with a set of wedge
wire screens forming a cylinder
wall. Against this sludge is pressed
and transported by an internal
screw conveyor, and a small
electric motor powers the screw
conveyor through a high-torque
gearbox, making it turn slowly
and allowing for an efficient
performance with the lowest
possible energy consumption.
Producer of the Viledon water
solutions and wastewater
treatment brand, Freudenberg,
was also actively publicising its
IFAT presence at the preview.
Speaking for the German-based
business, Jürgen Abt, director
of water solutions, said the
company’s two-year-old drive
to diversify the business further
when it bought UK-based
Aquabio, was going well, and the
acquisition had given extra funds
for Aquabio to bid and invest in
large developments, including
large water municipal water
treatments projects in Essex.
Mr Abt was hopeful of a placing
at the GreenTec awards with its
entry of Aquabio’s low-energy
cleaning of wastewater in one of
the energy-saving categories, and
he confirmed that its work with
Aquabio would be seen for the
first time at IFAT.
Nivus, the provider of
instruments for the water industry,
will highlight the completion of
its ‘Mini’ series of by-flow sensors
with built-in flow level detection
via pressure cell.
Due to considerable economic
measurements made in the
drinking water sector, the
discharge volumes within
sewage networks has decreased
significantly, said Martin Mueller,
head of Nivus’s marketing
communications department.
The impact of these measures
is far-reaching, he commented,
and the consequences can be
directly noticed in lower flow
levels during flow measurements
in channel networks. Some of the
results include a higher risk of
sedimentation and stronger effects
of hydraulic disturbances at low
flow levels.
Nivus has responded to this
with the Mini sensor. Due to its
compact construction, as well as
particular algorithms, flow profiles
can be detected reliably starting
at flow levels as low as 3cm.
The complete “Mini” sensor
series consists of a dedicated
flow velocity sensor featuring
a minimum overall size. An
external ultrasonic sensor
installed in the channel crown
is used for level measurement.
Events 15
Due to the high degree of accuracy
of the entire measurement system
the sensors can be used in many
areas of use, such as measurement
points for billing and intake
control, the company said.
Ottmar Lasser, director of
telematics systems solutions
for mm-lab, also wanted to
impress his company’s strengths
at the event. The German-
based business provides reliable
information from remote sources,
and with technology in water and
waste management making for
high demands on efficient and
ecology-minded workflows, there
is a need for support from IT
systems and measurements that
This sensor combination mm-lab can provide.
is particularly suitable for He said that mm-lab is a market
infiltration measurement leader in turnkey solutions
(extraneous water). regarding communications and
IT for automotive projects, and
Its new combi-sensor, with its at IFAT mm-lab will discuss its
integrated flow velocity and benefits for other markets where
level measurement, is perfectly its IT-based solutions can be
matched for precipitation applied for municipal services and
discharge measurement, said
Nivus, since it is able to
management companies. •
simultaneously detect overflow For further details or to book IFAT
events when they occur. tickets log on to www.ifat.de/en
<RXU,QGHSHQGHQW
)LOWHU7HVW&HQWHU
IFTS test all types of liquid filters
in any condition with any test method
ISO, NFPA, ASTM, ANSI, SAE, MIL, CEN, NF, DIN, BS, JIS, … 

Related Services:

 i Design and manufacture of test stands
i Test Equipment validation
i Instrument calibration
i Supply of APC calibration suspensions
i R&D of new test methods for ISO, CEN and industrial customers


ZZZLIWVVOVFRP
Your contact:
Marion Dalex
marion.dalex@ifts-sls.com

16 Feature
BW Water Additives
Inside the
water world of
a sustainable
solution finder
iltration+Separation interviewed Dr David Cartmell, executive
F chairman and CEO of BWA Water Additives, and asked him about
the character of his company and its product launch at Aquatech.
BWA Water Additives’ executive chairman
and CEO Dr David Cartmell is passionate
about his company’s environmental work,
and that its biodegradable credentials are
strong – so much so that his philosophy is that
BWA’s products and their contact with the
environment must go above and beyond the
regulated levels set.
‘‘If I was just taking a short-term, hard-
nosed business decision, I’d say ‘we meet the
regulations, we’ll sell the cheapest product
we can, and try and get the most sales we
can’,’’ he says. ‘‘But instead I believe I’ve got a
responsibility as CEO of a good-sized chemical
company, I want to do something for the
environment as well as make money.’’
Dr Cartmell doesn’t mince his words. Long-
experienced in the water industry, he has
helped BWA steer a path towards a stronger
financial future with North American
investors while keeping a refreshing,
principled view on the company’s work and
on-going legacy.
‘‘I think that there’s more responsibility
to business leadership than just making
profit,’’ he says. ‘‘We’ve got to take the
industry forward, and I think having a better
environmental profile is what people want.
Ask the UK population what do you think we
should do – make a little bit more money, or
make our products a bit safer, not just safer but
more acceptable to the environment? – and
they’d go for the latter. That’s how I think we
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
should be approaching our work, how do we
achieve the long-term view, and our long-term
view to me is a better environmental profile.’’
He believes if more companies in the
sector adopted the same approach ‘‘things
could move forward for the better, not just
the water industry but for the whole chemical
industry’’.
But what about his company, how does it
operate?
‘‘We’re different,’’ says Dr Cartmell. ‘‘We only
sell to one market. We sell a whole range
of products, but we only want to sell to one
market, because we want to understand that
market from top to bottom.’’
That specialisation is what his company
is all about, he says; it is that and industry
knowledge that sets BWA Water Additives
apart from the others in this competitive
sector, Dr Cartmell insists.
‘‘We’re a specialty water treatment chemicals
company, and actually there’s very, very few
of those around, because most chemical Dr David Cartmell: Wants to take the industry forward.
companies are product-focused in that they
sell a particular range of products, but sell it to ‘‘Also, what most of our customers appreciate
a number of different markets. from us is a chemical ‘+’ knowledge, because
we know how to use our products in the
‘‘So most companies will say they are market- market, and we can advise the customer.’’
focused,’’ he smiles, ‘‘but we truly are, because
we’re a single market-focused business, and The majority of the ‘technology people’ BWA
that’s our differentiation. employs in sales and marketing, he says,

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Specialisation is what the company is all about, says Dr Cartmell.
come from the water industry, therefore Dr
Cartmell suggests that the company knows its
customers’ needs very well.
‘‘We’re giving them a knowledge [bank] as
well as ‘the product in the drum’, and that’s
why we’re successful in what we do, and why
people come to us.’’
Dr Cartmell says the company’s success is
due to this in-depth knowledge which can be
called upon when problems occur in the water
sector.
‘‘If anybody has a problem in water, a real
sticky situation perhaps, they call on us first,
because we’ve got that technical leadership
position in the market space, and the
knowledge. That’s what our goal is – to be
the high performance, high knowledge-based,
chemical producer.’’
BWA’s business is concentrated in the water
industry, but it is one that has implications
for other sectors, Dr Cartmell explains. For
instance, regarding scale that is found at the
bottom of kettles in residential hard water
areas. It is this, in an industrial size, that his
company is tasked to prevent, he explains.
‘‘If scale occurs in a massive plant, like a
large desalination plant, or a cooling tower,
or down an oil well, [the operator] is putting
themselves in a difficult position, because it’s
pretty hard stuff, you want to prevent that.
‘‘So we prevent that happening; we don’t
clean it up, we prevent scale from forming,
that’s the first matter to consider.
‘‘Secondly, bacteria. We sell biocides, which
kill bacteria such as legionella, that can
give you Legionnaire’s Disease; or algae,
the green slime, or general slime, but general
bacteria.
‘‘And then the third thing to look at is
corrosion of steel, the corrosion of metals like
mild steel, or even copper and brass.
“So, scale control, microbiological control,
and corrosion are the three main product
groups that we treat.”
Target market
‘‘Wherever water problems occur,” states Dr
Cartmell, ‘‘that’s my target market.’’
These problems occur, for instance, in North
Sea exploration.
“That’s what our goal is – to
be the high performance, high
knowledge-based chemical
producer”
‘‘To get the oil out of the ground, you pump
seawater into the ground,’’ explains Dr
Cartmell, ‘‘that’s how it works.
‘‘So basically, when that seawater goes in the
ground, it’s going to be heated up, it’s under
pressure, and it mixes with other water that’s
already down there, and that then starts the
formation of scale.
‘‘If you get the scale, like calcium carbonate
or calcium sulphate, happening in those
wells, all those millions of dollars spent
drilling out those wells is going to be
completely wasted.
Feature 17
BW Water Additives: An exceptional knowledge bank.
‘‘But put antiscalant in the water, it will keep
those wells clean, and that’s what we’re about
as a company.’’
One of the other markets Dr Cartmell
mentions is what he terms as the ‘classic
industrial water treatment market’ – cities
populated by air-conditioning towers, and
desalination. This is a specialty for the
company, and one that Dr Cartmell claims
BWA is the market leader of in terms of
selling chemicals into desalination globally,
especially in the Middle East.
‘‘Much of the Middle Eastern market is
thermal desalination,’’ he says. ‘‘Basically,
you’re boiling the water, you’re boiling
seawater and collecting the steam, but
obviously in a vast plant that again can scale
up in a matter of hours, or a day or so, without
antiscalant.
‘‘So we supply the chemicals that go into
that, and we have about a 60% market share
worldwide of that market, but most of that
market is in the Middle East.’’
And the company is involved in reverse
osmosis, or the membrane market which,
significantly, due to global differences, BWA
produces solutions for on an individual-
problem-solving-basis, rather than developing
bulk treatments.
‘‘Everybody thinks H2O is simply H2O,’’ Dr
Cartmell explains, ‘‘but what gives all the
problems is all the other stuff that naturally
occurs in water, from dissolution of rocks, or
calcium, magnesium.
‘‘For example, seawater around Australia has
got a much higher level of magnesium than
18 Feature
Much of BWA’s research work centres on detectability in the environment.
The quest for biodegradability has taken the company on a five-year research path culminating at Aquatech.
most other parts of the world, therefore you
get specific issues in Australian waters.
‘‘Similarly, the south east of England has very
hard water, which is very difficult water to
control. In the Manchester area, you have
very soft water, it’s very corrosive, so again you
need a different type of chemical completely
to treat the water in Manchester than you
do in London, and so it can be that specific.
And that’s what we really spend a lot of time
working on, is the understanding of that.’’
Great demands
From his global perspective Dr Cartmell
has observed that the world’s conditions are
changing, and because there’s more demand
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
for water, the quality of it is getting more
difficult to treat.
This isn’t the only matter that’s becoming
more demanding, he says.
‘‘Because our product is in water and dissolves
in water, it goes into the plants within
minutes or hours, and then it goes back into
the environment within hours, or at the
most a day,’’ he explains, ‘‘and it’s not being
consumed in a product, it’s not being made
into a product – it’s actually going in the
water. So it’s our responsibility, and although
it’s not quite at a pharmaceutical level of
diligence, it’s getting close to it.
‘‘Therefore the approvals that we get are
absolutely critical, and in the research we
carry out, one of the first things we look at is
of course helping performance, but the second
thing is, how safe is it and will it fit ‘the
market space’?’’
Dr Cartmell reveals that much of BWA’s
research work centres on detectability, how
well its products fit into the environment, and
can they biodegrade.
That quest for biodegradability has taken the
company on a five-year research path that was
completed late last year at Aquatech when
a range of biodegradable products under the
Flocon brand was introduced.
‘‘[We’ve developed] for the membrane plants,
a product that goes in and prevents scale and
calcium deposits, but, once it goes into the
environment, it will biodegrade,’’ he states.
‘‘That is something that’s quite unique. A
few years ago, there was lots of biodegradable
cleaning solutions launched for use domestically
in kitchens – they were useless, but they
biodegraded. We started on the other side of
the process, which was that we wanted a product
that will control scale to the highest performance
we expect, but now we want to reverse-engineer
biodegradability into it, and that took us, from
concept to launch, almost five years.’’
It is this breakthrough that Dr Cartmell
is perhaps most proud of, especially as the
development has gone through stringent
industry standard testing and come through
the other side with a clean bill of health.
‘‘Those in the Norwegian oil sector, for
example – who are one of the more advanced
in their thinking on environmental issues
– they stipulate this particular test, and if
you meet this, you get a gold standard. Our
products have achieved their gold standard.
‘‘All our products have got drinking water
approvals, so none of them are dangerous to
the environment anyway. People don’t want
products accumulating, so therefore the fact
that it’s benign to the environment, and it

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Dr Cartmell says the company continues to strive to improve the environmental profile of its products.
breaks down quickly, then I think that’s really
what people should be looking for.’’
Dr Cartmell said the company continues to
work hard to achieve more on the overall
environmental profile of its products.
‘‘It must be safe to handle, safe for the
environment and easy to detect when in use,’’
he says, ‘‘so we put that ‘engineering’ into it, if
you will, adding to its value.’’
In terms of profile, BWA’s products are higher
priced than its competitors, but its customers
understand this, Dr Cartmell says.
‘‘Our products are, in general, ‘higher
performance’, but then there’s a premium to
pay for that,’’ he says. ‘‘So when it comes to
the customers, there’s clearly a portion of the
market that will not pay a premium, because
they’re at the lower end of the market, and
they’re not too worried about their plant
downtime and problems from scale and
biological fouling.
‘‘Our product isn’t suitable for them, because
if they don’t need that high performance
product, they aren’t going to pay for it.
‘‘But then there’s a whole range of the market
that likes to have the product they sell to the
end user to be really effective,’’ he enthuses,
‘‘and that’s the customer groups that we have.
‘‘So we have a very loyal customer base,
because once people start using that higher
performance product, they don’t really want to
move away from it.’’
Another characteristic of BWA’s products Dr
Cartmell wants to underscore is that they are
all developed in-house, from the company’s
own research teams which, he proudly says,
has been a continuous feature of the business
over the last ‘25, 30 years’.
It’s time to discuss briefly the company’s
history, and what its plans are for the
immediate future.
‘‘The business was created in 1973,’’ he says,
‘‘and has been part of a number of large multi-
national chemical companies.
‘‘They were all multi-billion dollar chemical
companies until, in 2006, I was able to buy
out the business and take it independent with
private equity.
Feature 19
‘‘So we did a private equity backer buyout in
2006 with a UK PE firm, and then we did a
secondary buyout in 2008 with a Middle East
private equity group.’’
Then, in 2011, the company was given the
financial backing from a private American
family which Dr Cartmell is very happy about.
‘‘It’s a family investment company, which
means that they take a long-term view, and
we’re in a very good position,’’ he says.
‘‘Since 2011, for the first time in many
years, we’ve been able to take a long-term
view to investment in technology, so we are
looking at that three, four, five-year [product
development] window.’’
Dr Cartmell says the company has now moved
into a period ‘great stability’ which is allowing
for more investment in technology than
previously in its history.
Following its launch at Aquatech and its
financial credentials, it is clear that BWA is a
company to watch out for in the future. •
www.wateradditives.com
20 Feature
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Nuclear power
Filtration in nuclear
decommissioning
uclear filtration in general – and developments for filtration in the
N field of nuclear decommissioning in particular – pose some of the
most diverse and technically demanding challenges in engineering.
Here, Chris Chadwick and Adam Swain of Porvair Filtration Group’s
Nuclear Services Division, put forward their views on some of the
most important considerations for those involved in future filtration
applications for the nuclear industry.

The nuclear industry presents filtration
professionals with a range of unique and
difficult challenges, demanding to the highest
levels of technical expertise, quality and social
responsibility. Due to the nature of this sector
a cavalier attitude is not acceptable and often
only a custom-designed solution should be
considered.
The requirements for applications in nuclear
filtration are far from 'off-the-shelf'catalogue
products. They require a dedicated,
engineering analysis to present a tailored
solution and often require several iterations
of the original concept to offer the customer a
fully optimised solution.
Many problems
When developing filtration solutions for
nuclear applications, the following problems
are amongst some of the factors which should
be considered: chemical attack, high and low
temperatures, gross quantities of fine solids,
radiation, and even the need for the reactor
to be remotely handled. This non-exhaustive
list of parameters presents the engineer with
an intricately interconnected set of problems
meaning that even the most optimised system
is only ever a compromise, rather than an
ideal solution. Taking these factors into
account highlights the fact that although
there is a place for standard products with
in the nuclear industry, more often than not
the circumstances dictate the requirement
for custom-designed solutions delivered by an
engineering company, fully expert in filtration
and both capable and willing to meet the
demands of the industry.
One particular area which regularly
features on the industry agenda is one
which does not immediately fall into the
category of decommissioning, but is of vital
importance and serves as a good example
of the complexities presented by a typical
application. In the language of water cooled
reactors (PWR, BWR, CANDU, RMBK,
VVER, etc.) a LOCA is a ‘Loss Of Coolant
Accident’.

The equipment briefly discussed here would

have the purpose of minimising the inventory
of material that would be added to the global
nuclear waste/decommissioning load, should a
LOCA ever occur and the system ever come
into play.

The outcome of a LOCA is most certainly

decommissioning, so the use of this equipment
and the appreciation of the complexity of the
issue will serve the operator well in mitigating
the costs in the decommissioning phase, whilst
providing a significant contribution to the
social responsibility of the industry in general.

Precautionary equipment

Regulators and governments across the

Figure 1:The graphic shows just how interconnected some of these influences are to the outcome, in this case with world are mandating that operators install
reference to only system differential pressure drop. precautionary equipment to protect the

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Figure 2: A Porvair engineered filter system provided for a fuel fabrication facility.
Figure 3: A variety of Porvair waste drum breather products, used in a range of waste storage activities.
reactor containment from the consequences
of the increasing pressures from vapour
generation inside the containment. This
vapour is not just produced from the water,
which is used as a heat transfer medium
in the routine operation of a water-cooled
reactor, but also represents the consequence
of the nuclear fuel, uncooled, continuing
to heat up until it melts and flows into the
wider reactor space and containment.
If the association of fissile material is
sufficient to continue the reaction, it will
continue to heat, evaporating concrete
components and other material, all of which,
converted to vapour, will begin to pressurise
the internal space of the containment.
A typical, putative response is to allow
the containment to reach its safe, design
internal pressure and open a valve to allow
the venting of the space down to a lower
pressure, and when the valve is closed to allow
re-pressurisation.
This action is taken so that short-lived
nuclides have a chance to decay to a lower
condition, before being collected on the filter
Feature 21
that is used to protect the open environment
from these solids.
Several companies claim to be involved in
solving this problem with a standardised
product. Can a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution be
applied to a complex and varied set of process
conditions? Professionals in the filtration
business know it cannot and should not.
Listed below is a non-exhaustive list of
competing influences that determine the size
and type of answer offered:
• Water vapour/possible condensate
• Variable gas flow rates
• Variable gas types
• High solids burden (fines nominally 0.2
microns)
• Dissipation of decay heat
• High and variable pressure and temperature
• Effective removal of hydrogen and iodine
• 30-year minimum design life (including
a passive, unmaintained period, which
should last the life of the reactor)
• A seismic event (demonstrated through
seismic qualification).
To calculate a system design, each of the
following is a factor:
• Gas composition
• Flow
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Solids load
• Solids type
• Particle size
• Moisture content
• Decay heat
• Allowable DP
• Downstream pipework
• Closed vessel, open system
• Caesium hydroxide melting
• Temperature capability of the filter
medium/system
• Iodine absorption
• Hydrogen recombination.
The graphic (Figure 1) shows just how
interconnected some of these influences are
to the outcome, in this case with reference to
only system differential pressure drop.
The purpose of this article is not to describe a
solution to the issues of Containment Venting
in water-cooled reactors, but to demonstrate
that simply developing a product and going
to market with a black box is misleading and
socially irresponsible in such a dangerous
otherwise highly regulated sector.
Decommissioning activities
Professionals in the nuclear industry,
particularly in decommissioning activities,
have an ethical and social responsibility to
protect the general public from what can be
the most catastrophic outcomes. Often it is a
filtration system which is responsible for this
protection.
22 Feature
Figure 4: A Porvair engineered filter system provided for a bulk vitrification demo site.
Decommissioning is particularly vulnerable to
failure of poorly designed systems. By its very
definition, decommissioning requires expert
and advanced engineering.
Whilst global plans for decommissioning
activities are devised with great deliberation,
being prepared for the unexpected must be
at the forefront of the project manager’s
mind at all times. It is never possible to
predict a precise outcome, given that, in
many instances, it is not entirely clear what
the facilities contain and the status of their
contents.
One of the activities within the general
process of ‘decommissioning’ is the
immobilisation of nuclear waste through
the use of various processes. Such processes
predominantly include cementation and
vitrification, whilst the use of synthetic rock
is an alternative process which is currently of
great interest in Australia and in the US.
Prior to, and during the process of waste
cementation into long-term storage
containers, the production of radiolysed
hydrogen and other gases can take place,
as well as hydrocarbons derived from the
physical/chemical decay/decomposition of
organics in the waste stream.
The production of these gases in an enclosed
vessel must be vented, not only to prevent
the pressurisation of the container but also
to keep the concentration of hydrogen
below 4% within the container – this is the
concentration at which it becomes explosive
in the air.
However, such ventilation also introduces
the additional requirement to reduce the
concentration of hydrogen within the storage
building, which may contain hundreds
or even thousands of waste containers, to
that minimum explosive level, through the
utilisation of another venting process or the
use of Hydrogen re-combination technology.
Even an application which seems simple,
such as a waste package breather, presents a
tremendous challenge to the filter designer as
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
specifications often require compliance with
chemical resistance, very low flow resistance
(permeability), extremely fine removal ratings
(typically HEPA grade – >99.97% removal
@ 0.3 microns), defined Hydrogen diffusion
rates, survival of both fire and drop tests and
even explosion resistance.
It is therefore evident that only with a
thorough understanding of each individual
case and in-depth knowledge of the problem
and its context can one propose a solution.
HEPA filter inserts
To further emphasise the fact that off-the-shelf
products will not suffice and that tailored
engineering is vital in not only in the field of
decommissioning but across the entire nuclear
sector, we look at the example of HEPA filter
inserts.
Porvair Filtration Group is currently involved
in the development of both safe- and
remote-change HEPA filter inserts (of the
standard 950 l/sec cylindrical type) which
must be capable of withstanding the arduous
conditions produced by gas steams associated
with a nuclear waste vitrification process.
This project will involve equipment capable
of withstanding differential pressures and
temperatures somewhat outside the capability
of the industry recognised standard radial flow
HEPA filter inserts.
Those parameters will not only require
establishing a pleat form in both GF and
metallic filter media capable of withstanding
differential pressures across the insert up
to 200 “wg (~500mB, 7.5 psi), but also
determining a sealing method capable of
working at these conditions in already installed
housings, as well as meeting high DHC
requirements and handling manageability.
If this article serves any purpose at all, we
hope that purpose is to encourage talented
engineers into a field which they might find,
superficially, unchallenging.
Nuclear filtration in general, and filtration
in the field of nuclear decommissioning in
particular, presents possibly one of the most
challenging, demanding and technically
satisfying fields in the whole of engineering,
whilst welcoming innovation and new
thought. •
Contact:
Worldwide HQ
Tel: +44 (0)1489 864330
Email: info@porvairfiltration.com
North America HQ
Tel; +1 804 550 1600
Email: infoUS@porvairfiltration.com
Web: www.porvairfiltration.co
REGISTER TODAY!

The Water Opportunity Show™

Residential • Commercial • Industrial

Where the Industry Meets!

Don't Miss This Once-A-Year Opportunity!

LEARN
practical solutions and
cost-effective strategies
from industry experts.

DISCOVER
new technologies,
products, and distributors.

NETWORK
with collegues and experts
who tackle the same chal-
lenges you do every day.

TAKE HOME
new, innovative ideas
that will generate the
results you need.

98% OF ATTENDEES WERE SATISFIED

WITH THEIR OVERALL VISIT TO
WQA AQUATECH USA IN 2013.
COME EXPERIENCE THE
SHOW FOR YOURSELF!

wqa-aquatech.com
Organized by Premier Sponsors

wqa.org aquatechtrade.com aquafinance.com clackcorp.com pentair.com resintech.com watts.com

24 Feature
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Drinking & other pure water production

Filtration and
sedimentation
in clean water
production
ure water production, whether for human consumption or for
P industrial uses, is by far the largest application for solid-liquid
separation equipment. Ken Sutherland looks at the role of filtration
and sedimentation in the production of safe drinking water, and of
pure water for other purposes.
As is implicit in the title to this article, demands for a higher quality product at all surface is covered by water. However, most
the production of clean, wholesome water levels of production, from a small village of this water, amounting to 97.5 % of the
for drinking is just one of a number of supply to the provision of wash water for semi- total global stock of water, is contained in the
applications for filtration and other separation conductor materials, or as an ingredient for oceans, in a salty and entirely undrinkable
equipment in water treatment. Coupled pharmaceuticals. state, leaving only one-fortieth of the world’s
together, the water production processes form water as fresh and nominally available for
one of the largest, if not the largest, users Water availability drinking.
of such equipment in the whole separation
context. Although users of a great deal of To the person flying over the Earth Even this is not without restriction, since
traditional processing, they are also in the (especially the Pacific Ocean), the amount most of it (almost 70%) is unavailable, under
forefront of technological development, in of water available to mankind seems to be present conditions, because it is firmly frozen,
order to be able to meet their customers’ inexhaustible, since 70.6% of the earth’s as glaciers, or in the Arctic and Antarctic
icecaps, or in the ground as permafrost. Of
the residual, mobile water, most is held in
subterranean aquifers as ground water, too
deep for economic abstraction, or dispersed
throughout the land absorbed in the soil,
leaving less than1% of the total freshwater
as accessible for direct human use (which is
about 0.007% of all of the water on earth).

This limited availability situation must be seen

in context with the water poverty conditions
of so much of the world, where demand for
water is increasing as the world’s population
grows, and also as the existing populations
in the developing countries increase their
standards of living and with it their specific
water consumption. The required standards of
drinking water production and care are rising
The earth gives the impression that the amount of water available to mankind is inexhaustible, but most of it is continuously, partly because the consumer’s
entirely undrinkable. Picture courtesy of Photographer/Shutterstock.com perception of received water quality is slowly

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
The level of suspended solids makes the treatment of river water quite complex. Picture courtesy of Shutterstock.com
changing so as no longer being willing to
accept what was once acceptable, in terms of
taste, odour, colour and turbidity.
Water treatment processes
The steadily improving processes for fresh
water treatment, leading to a sanitary drinking
water, are needed firstly for the conventional
purification of raw water, drawn from surface
and underground sources, to provide water
of a safe drinking quality. Increasingly, this
is extended to include the treatment of
unconventional sources of water so as to
increase the quantity of fresh water that is
available. These unconventional sources
include the desalination of salt and brackish
waters, the collection and recycle of rain water
and of grey water from residential premises,
and, as public conceptions start to change to
accept it, the recycling of municipal waste
waters.
These two groups of treatment process
provide the means to satisfy human needs
for adequate drinking water, from a wide
range of raw water supplies. In addition there
is then a third group of processes, basically
intended to produce water of a higher quality,
by means of the further treatment of potable
water supplies, for use in specific industrial
applications.
The purification processes that are used to
achieve the required reduction in contaminant
levels are a mix of traditional schemes, which
have been steadily improved over the years,
and novel systems that are quite exciting
developments. The treatment processes are
designed to deal with the problems of:
• colour (from dissolved organic molecules
mainly);
• turbidity (ie, suspended solids);
• taste and odour (dissolved organics);
• hardness (from dissolved inorganics);
• corrosiveness (from divergence, either way,
from pH = 7); and
• harmfulness to human and animal health.
Disinfection alone may be enough to produce
an acceptable drinking water from relatively
pure groundwater.
Drinking water production
The processes used to treat raw water in
bulk depend obviously on the source of the
water – whether it be from underground
aquifers (and therefore clean but hard) or
from surface water (and therefore polluted but
softer). Groundwater has the simplest process
scheme:
• soluble iron and manganese precipitation;
• deep bed filtration; and
• disinfection;
Feature 25
with a possible UF membrane filtration as a
polishing step, and maybe a separate softening
step as well.
River water treatment is more complex,
because of the greater level of suspended
solids:
• disinfection, probably combined with Fe
and Mn removal;
• clarification (involving flocculation and
gravity settling or flotation);
• deep bed filtration; and
• disinfection;
maybe with a UF membrane process, for final
particulate and colour removal (which may
also use carbon adsorption).
Where water is needed and only salty water is
available, then a desalination process will be
necessary, usually involving:
• clarification, probably with flocculation
and settling or flotation;
• multi-layer deep bed filtration;
• successive membrane processes, UF
followed by RO; and
• remineralisation to give the water its
natural flavour.
(If energy is really cheap then a
thermal desalination process may be
preferred.)
26 Feature
Good quality water, at least suitable for human consumption, is widely used for industrial purposes. Picture courtesy
of Photographer/Shutterstock.com
The use of UF membranes as a polishing stage
for ground or surface water treatment is a
rapidly growing component of the treatment
works, which is displacing the deep-bed filter
as a final processing step. Otherwise, the
above equipment groups are very common in
bulk water treatment, supplemented probably
by inlet screens.
The objective of the filtration processes used
in water treatment is mainly to achieve the
separation of solid particles that are suspended
in the water to the extent, perhaps, of 0.5%
by weight or as little as 10mg/l (10ppm), by
removing particles that are as large as grit or
sand (say 1mm in diameter or more) or as small
as colloidal organic materials, or pathogens such
as bacteria or viruses (say 0.1μm or less).
In addition to this primary purpose, the
filtration system may need to address the
removal of oil droplets from suspension in the
feed water, or the removal of the colloidal
particles or large dissolved organic molecules
that are usually responsible for unpleasant
tastes or odours or colour in the water, or
the removal of the large dissolved ions
from inorganic salts responsible for causing
hardness in the water, or, finally, the removal
of the smaller ions causing salinity (or, more
correctly in this case, the removal of pure
water from residual brine).
Industrial water processing
Good quality water, at least suitable for human
consumption, is widely used for industrial
purposes, and its importance can be gauged
from a quick glance at the various end-use
application groups and their water demands.
In addition to its need for sustenance and
personal hygiene, water is needed: for critical
washing of components (especially semi-
conductor materials);
• as an ingredient in foods, beverages,
medicines;
• as an energy vector (especially as boiler
feedwater);
• as a growing medium for farmed biomass,
fish, hydroponics;
• as a coolant; and
• as a transport agent.
Especially as an ingredient, as boiler feedwater
and in some washing tasks, is water of the
highest purity needed.
Thus, water usage in the energy materials
extraction and processing sector does not need
The food and beverage sector uses a great deal of high quality water. Picture courtesy of Photographer/Shutterstock.com
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
to be of the highest quality. Much the same is
true for mining and metal production, where
the purification of products is largely dictated
by the specific nature of the products, rather
than water quality.
On the other hand, the food and beverage
sector uses a great deal of high quality water,
as a raw material, as boiler feedwater and for
the maintenance of plant hygiene. The paper
and board sector is heavily dependent on
water availability for pulp preparation and in
the paper-making process, much of which is of
drinking water quality.
The bulk chemicals sector is both very large
in its own right, and proportionally a large
user of water per ton of product, so that it
becomes a correspondingly huge user of water,
a great deal of which is used in high quality,
on top of which there are many boilers in use
throughout the sector. The fine chemicals
sector has a lower steam demand, but has a
large input of water as an ingredient.
Rubber and plastic products manufacture
has a relatively low water demand, as does
mechanical machinery manufacture (apart
from the low grade use for floor cleansing), but
electrical and electronic products has the very
important semi-conductor component washing
function, using high purity water.
The transport system manufacture and operation
sector uses a lot of water for washdown purposes,
but of moderate quality only, whereas power
generation requires a high proportion of boiler
feedwater of very high quality.
The fresh and waste water treatment sector, of
course, is concerned with nothing but water,
of all qualities, mainly of drinking quality or
better, as is the domestic, commercial and
institutional sector, now with an emphasis on

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
hygiene, like the medical and health sector,
which needs an even higher quality.
This leaves what is only a small market for
equipment (“other sectors”) but includes
agriculture, horticulture and forestry as a very
large user of water for irrigation. Much of this
water is used as it comes from natural water
courses, and does not involve complicated
treatment.
This extremely cursory look at the range of
end-use applications shows water of at least
drinking quality employed in significant
quantity in most of them, and thus the
importance of treating fresh water to at least
drinking water quality, in:
• food and beverage;
• paper and board;
• bulk and fine chemicals;
• electronic materials;
• power generation;
• domestic, commercial and institutional;
and
• medical and health;
as well, of course, as the fresh and waste water
sector itself.
Industrial water treatment
Large quantities of drinking quality water
are used in industry, but it is also true that
many specialised water needs exist (as just
described), which require treatment to higher
standards of purity, whether for use as an
ingredient (eg, in foodstuffs and beverages,
or in pharmaceutical preparations), or as a
washing liquid (eg, in semiconductors). The
additional purification usually involves the
removal of very fine solids or of pathogens
(bacteria and viruses).
The arrival on the filter media scene of
MF and UF membranes, and their steady
reduction in cost, has revolutionised industrial
process water treatment, and have gone a
considerable way towards enabling disinfection
of solutions by filtration. Most production
processes for industrial process water now
employ membranes as their final treatment
stage. They are also opening up the processes
for the recycling of process water (which has
often, because of its careful treatment and
dosing, been turned into an expensive fluid,
well justifying its collection and recycling).
The membranes used for reverse osmosis,
nanofiltration and much ultrafiltration
work by diffusion of the relatively pure
liquid through the body of the membrane
material, under quite high applied pressures.
Reverse osmosis has become a key process
in the desalination of salty water to produce
drinking water. Ultrafiltration is becoming
a key preliminary stage for reverse osmosis,
but also an important water purification stage
in its own right, giving guaranteed purity to
drinking and process waters.
The transport system uses a lot of water for washdown purposes. Picture courtesy of Photographer/Shutterstock.com
Pure water, for industrial use, will usually
start with a drinking–quality water, produced
as described above, followed by the use of
membrane filtration in increasing severity
(MF, then UF, then NF, leading up to RO for
the purest water). This does not necessarily
produce completely pollutant free water, and
the very highest quality may need complete
removal of all ionic species other than water,
by methods such as electrodeionisation (EDI)
or electrodialysis (ED), on their own or
working together
Care must be taken to see that the
regeneration of the ion removal processes,
nor the disposal of concentrate from the
membrane systems, do not add to the local
water treatment problems.
Developments
There has been a theme of scarcity running
through this article, and whilst the filtration
industry can do little to prevent the wars
with which the world is threatened “when
the water runs out”, it can do a great deal
to make more water available, such as the
recycling of municipal waste water – better
called grey water recycling, to make it more
acceptable. Rainwater harvesting is a similar
activity, without the public relations problems
– but with the very real advantage that each
rainwater harvesting system involves a filter
(as probably does a grey water plant).
Other equipment developments under way,
or to be fully implemented, include forward
osmosis (with a special membrane that
allows passage to water molecules rather than
salt); the use of UF and NF membranes for
disinfection (by removing all harmful entities,
including viruses); the lamellar settler taking
on more clarifying duties; the increasing
usage of reverse osmosis coupled with
Feature 27
electrodialysis (to achieve full de-ionisation);
and the provision as standard of “adequate”
desalination kits for disaster areas.
The increasing availability of nano-scale
materials will lead to very fine filter media, such
as Lockheed Martin’s recent announcement of
a monatomic membrane in the form of a single
layer, carrying pores of the size of an atom, and
other announcements of carbon nanotubes
with membrane possibilities. In a different
format are the membranes using very thin
layers of nanofibres, announced, for example,
by Hollingsworth & Vose, and by Donaldson.
A relatively new material, showing filter
media potential, derived from paper pulp as
plastic fibrils, is the very strong nanocrystalline
cellulose, currently made by CelluForce.
On a more specific, water filtration note,
mention must be made of the concern
being expressed over the accumulation
of micropollutants in groundwater, either
in suspension or solution. In particular,
warnings have been sounded over oestrogens
(from birth control tablets), but another
hazard, because of its co-existence with large
quantities of groundwater, is the fire-retardant
chemicals used in fire-fighting. •
Contact
Ken Sutherland
Tel: +44 (0)1737 218868
E-mail on: ken.suth1@btinternet.com
Ken Sutherland has managed Northdoe, his
process engineering and marketing consultancy,
for over 35 years, most of that time being
concerned with the marketing and technology of
filtration and related processes. He has written
numerous articles for Filtration+Separation,
and for its sister publication Filtration Industry
Analyst. He has also produced four books on
filtration processes for Elsevier, including an A to
Z of Filtration.
28 Feature
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Process water
A new trend in
mobile water
treatment plant hire
lant breakdowns can be solved by hiring a mobile water treatment
P facility. However, with a mains water supply it is not always as simple
as that. The change of water supply from river to borehole, or vice
versa, on an industrial water treatment plant can be devastating. One
solution, writes Mark Dyson of Aquamove, is a mobile fleet including
a range of pre-treatment processes.

When Aquamove established its mobile
water treatment plant facility in the United
Kingdom, it was aimed at providing temporary
solutions for plant breakdowns, planned
maintenance and commissioning. It was
ultimately for temporary requirements, and
that is still the main application, but over
recent years a new trend has been developing:
long-term plant rentals.
Initially the mobile fleet was equipped
with just reverse osmosis and ion exchange
demineralisation to cover mechanical
breakdown of on-site systems, and these
are still the two most widely used packages.
Deionisation trailers typically provide
two streams of cation, anion and mixed
bed ion exchange which are capable of
producing 100 m3/h of 0.1 μS/cm high purity
water.
When the ion exchange resins are
exhausted, the complete trailer is returned
to the central regeneration facility,
which means zero discharge on-site and
no problems of handling or disposal of
regenerant chemicals. Since the plant
footprint is bigger than ion exchange,
containerised reverse osmosis units are
generally capable of producing up to 25
m3/h of permeate of conductivity typically
less than 2 0μS/cm in a single pass. If higher
quality treated water is needed, two units can
be configured in series as ‘twin pass’ giving
permeate of less than 5 μS/cm.
No standby capacity
Financial constraints often mean that there
is no standby capacity in the on-site water
treatment plant, so when a vessel internal fails,
or there’s a fire in the plant room, production
is at risk. When an emergency like this does
occur the simplest solution is to hire a trailer
mounted mobile water treatment system while
repairs are carried out. But the introduction
of common carriage and extended water
supply networks has brought a different kind
of problem. Mains water, unlike gas, oil and
electricity, is not always the same: seasonal algal
growth on a reservoir can increase the organic
content causing rapid fouling of ion exchange
resins and reverse osmosis membranes.
Another possibility is that the water supplier
may have to change the source of the water
supply from river to borehole or vice versa,
with a sudden and dramatic change in total
dissolved solids. The water still meets the
requirements for drinking water but the effect
on an industrial water treatment plant can
be devastating: Ion exchange plants designed
for thin, upland waters may have insufficient
capacity to treat thicker borehole waters
whilst those designed for hard, borehole
waters may suffer from fouling by higher
concentrations of natural organic matter in
supplies derived from moorland reservoirs.
To meet this demand, the mobile fleet
was expanded to include a range of pre-
treatment processes including coagulation
and flocculation, clarification, filtration,
activated carbon adsorption and softening, all
in modular configurations to provide the right
process route to treat any raw water quality to
achieve any treated water quality and quantity
required.
Expanding production
While many of the applications for mobile
units are emergencies, not all of them
are about the nasty things in life. An
unexpectedly full order book often creates an
urgent need to expand production quickly,
and a mobile plant can provide the additional
treated water you need while you’re waiting
for a permanent plant to be installed.
Sometimes companies need to carry out
production trials, and may want to look at the
effects of water quality on their production
processes.
Temporary deionisation plants provide a
cost-effective means of finding out if it
is worthwhile making substantial capital
investment in a permanent plant. And, of
course, many mobile customers hire temporary
plants to provide treated water during
planned maintenance shutdowns of the water
treatment plant and similar ‘non-emergency’
situations. Over the last year the service has
provided, among many others, a filtration and
reverse osmosis plant to treat an unexpectedly
large volume of landfill leachate resulting

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
All the equipment is installed in a standard 40 ft trailer which is insulated and supplied with heating and lighting so that, inside the container, the environment resembles most
plant rooms.
from high rainfall; a reverse osmosis system
to upgrade a poorly performing river water
treatment plant; and a reverse osmosis and
deionisation plant to feed a power and steam
utilities plant at a major chemical complex
during a planned outage.
But, perhaps surprisingly, an increasing
number of customers are making a case
for long-term hire. This may be because
the capital investment in a permanent
plant would not pay back within the life
of the project – a nuclear power station
decommissioning project and a limited
life power station refurbishment were real
examples where this approach proved to be
cost-effective.
The temporary plant approach also provides
other advantages. The quality of the treated
water is guaranteed and the treatment process
is tailored to meet current water quality needs,
whether that is for dealkalised water for soft
drinks manufacturing, purified water for
pharmaceuticals, demineralised water for high
pressure boilers or even ultrapure water for
semiconductor manufacturing. If the treated
water quality needs to be upgraded, it is an
easy matter to change the trailer for one using
a more advanced treatment process.
‘Long-term rental of mobile water
treatment solutions means the
plant is available immediately, and
has no associated capital cost’
Waste plant example
Energy from one waste plant incinerates
225,000 tonnes per year of non-recyclable
domestic waste to produce 400°C superheated
steam in a 46 bar water tube boiler. This steam
drives a turbine which generates electricity for
export to the National Grid. Make-up water
for the boiler is produced in an on-site ion
exchange demineralisation plant consisting
Feature 29
of a cation exchanger, anion exchanger and
mixed bed polishing but this was failing to
meet the 20μg/l silica water quality required.
The initial solution was to provide three
mobile temporary mixed bed polishers to
polish the water from the demineralisation
plant mixed beds and reduce the silica to
less than 10μg/l. Continuous treated water
quality monitoring for conductivity and silica
was also provided. The ionic load on to the
mobile units is very low and exhaustion is
infrequent. They are not regenerated on
site but returned to the central regeneration
station in exchange for a regenerated unit.
The “temporary” solution proved so reliable
and cost-effective that it is still in use more
than twelve months later.
Long-term rental of mobile water treatment
solutions means that the plant is available
immediately, has no associated capital
cost and does not require any housing: the
equipment is all installed in a standard 40ft
trailer which is insulated and supplied with
30 Feature
The trailers are kitted out with the appropriate safety equipment and are complete with all necessary instrumentation and controls.
heating and lighting so that, inside the
container, the environment is just like most
plant rooms. The trailers are also maintained
with the appropriate safety equipment and
complete with all necessary instrumentation
and controls. They can be positioned to make
the best use of available space and connected
to existing pipework using flexible hoses.
In terms of process technology, the range is
almost unlimited. Mobile units are completely
modular, so any configuration of processes can
be combined to make up a complete system
to suit any application, which means that
borehole, river and reservoir waters can be
handled as easily as mains waters.
A typical temporary or mobile plant might
consist of pre-treatment by multi-media
filtration, organic scavenging or granular
activated carbon adsorption in pre-treatment
trailers; reverse osmosis in a second trailer
and even mixed bed ion exchange polishing
in a third. Temporary tanks and pumps can
also be provided in trailers together with all
interconnecting flexible hoses, water meters
and fittings, and, of course, mobile generators
to make the system completely stand-alone.
Latest addition
The latest addition to the range is Remox,
a membrane degassing process which
removes carbon dioxide and oxygen from
water. Dissolved carbon dioxide reduces the
efficiency of ion exchange and continuous
electrodeionisation processes. Membrane
degassing works by passing the water across a
gas-permeable membrane, on the other side
of which is a flow of atmospheric air. Carbon
dioxide transfers across the membrane from
the gas rich water to the carbon dioxide lean
inert gas. The process reduces dissolved carbon
dioxide to less than 0.3 mg/l. Replacing the
air with an inert gas – either nitrogen or water
vapour generated under vacuum – allows
dissolved oxygen to be removed.
Oxygen causes corrosion in boiler systems so
it has to be removed from boiler feed water
by adding oxygen scavenging chemicals like
sulphite or carbohydrazide. Remox removes
dissolved oxygen to less than 0.01 mg/l,
dramatically reducing the consumption of
oxygen scavengers. Dissolved oxygen in semi-
conductor rinse water can result in wafer
surface defects and, in food and beverage
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
products; it can impair shelf life and taste.
Remox is the first membrane degasser to be
available on the rental market and can treat
up to 100 m3/h of water. The degassing system
is fully automatic with on-line monitoring for
complete operational security and is complete
with all necessary compressed air, nitrogen and
vacuum equipment.
Operational problems with mobile plants are
rare, there are hardly any chemical additions
and no chemical handling and disposal issues,
and regular maintenance service visits are
included in the hire contract. This means
that total operational costs can be forecast
with a high level of certainty, and with no
requirement for capital investment. If the
raw water quality changes, the mobile plant
can easily be reconfigured. No wonder that
more temporary solutions are becoming
permanent. •
Contact:
ELGA Process Water,
Marlow International, Parkway,
Marlow, Bucks SL7 1YL UK.
Tel: + 44 (0) 1628 897000
sales.uk@veoliawater.com
www.elgaprocesswater.co.uk
 meet
your
future
at

global
growth for
your
business

8-11 april 2014

geneva - switzerland
32 Feature
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Development Trend:
Rotary fibre disk
filtration in the
treatment of
oilfield wastewater
urrently, the Rotary Fibre Disk Filtration (RFDF) is the proven tertiary
C filtration system for municipal wastewater treatment, but applying
RFDF technology to oilfield wastewater is challenging work. In this
article engineers Jian Jiang, Zongkuan Liu and Professor Yanling He
explore its uses in China.

According to the ‘12th Five-Year Plan’, Applying the RFDF technology to the the oilfields becomes increasingly high. And,
China’s accumulative total investment oilfield wastewater is both promising and statistically, China’s water injection rate has
will inject about 5.4 trillion RMB into challenging work. As China’s oil fields have reached 1 billion m3/a. For the produced
environmental protection, which has huge entered the late stage, the water injection of fluid with high water content, it not only
potential in the field of energy conservation
and as well as environmental protection
itself. It is clear that the new technology of
environmental protection will be a ‘sunrise
industry’ in China’s industrialisation process.
While the new filtering technologies play
an important role in the grand project, the
research and development of filters have an
important practical significance.

At present, the Rotary Fibre Disk Filtration

(RFDF) is the advanced, proven tertiary
filtration system for municipal wastewater
treatment. The improved and superior
structure design of RFDF has the optimum
process performance as compared with
conventional sand filtration, featured stable
effluent quality, increased efficiency, lower
cost, smaller footprint and proven experience.

Of course, it has an extensive market

in the tertiary wastewater treatment,
especially the treated effluent meeting
more rigorous requirements. Nevertheless,
it is widely applied in urban sewage
treatment systems rather than industrial water
treatment. Figure 1: The application of RFDF in the municipal wastewater treatment.

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
Figure 2: The RFDF consists of parallel filter disks installed vertically on the
central conduit.
solves the problem concerning the source of
water flooding, but brings huge economic,
environmental and social benefits to oil fields,
so huge that oily wastewater was reinjected
after being processed.
Consequently, discussing the application
of the RFDF technique, especially when
applied to oil field wastewater filtration, is
significant. It is, of course, true that broad
market prospects will motivate China’s water
treatment market.
The structure of RFDF
For a set of devices, the number of filter
disks is commonly between two and 20. Each
filter disk is comprised of six preservative
sector plates covered with a fibre cloth. The
backwashing system is composed of a water
pump, suction device and valve. A sludge
discharge system is composed of a sludge pipe,
sludge pump and valve. Often, the sludge
pump and backwashing water pump are one-
and-the-same.
Note that as part of the filter, the filter cloth
weaved by a special process plays a vital role
in the filtration process. The upright fibre
will droop until it is soaked with a valid
filtration depth 3-5mm. Furthermore, when
the equivalent bore diameter is only 10μm,
the fibrous filter media will capture the
particle in the valid filtration depth. When it
is backwashing, the fibre close to the suction
device will stand up again. As a result, it is
convenient to remove the particles captured
by the fibre, to achieve a perfect cleaning.
During an operation cycle, the running
process includes filtering, backwashing and
sludge discharging. The filter disks which
clarify water by depth filtration mechanism as
Figure 3: The filter cloth weaved by special process plays a vital role in
the filtration process.
it flows through the soaked fibre remain still.
With the accumulation of SS, the dirt-holding
capacity and the filtration flux will decrease,
along with the rising liquid level. As a result,
the system will eventually become full of
trapped solids, at which point the filter must
be cleaned by backwashing.
The PLC can automatically start the suction
pump to clean. Once started, however, it can
be controlled to switch the electric valve on
the suction pump pipe, realising the alternate
cleaning among the filter disks. Because the
contact area between suction device and
filter cloth is very small, as for a single disk,
the instantaneous backwashing area takes
up about 1% of the whole filter area, which
does not interfere with other filtering process,
especially in the multi-disk system, to achieve
a continuous filtration process.
Trends in the oilfield wastewater
From the development process of fibre
filtration technology, modern filtration has
entered into the ‘bottleneck period’. It is true
that seeking new growth must be considered
from two aspects: 1) fibre media material and
structure; 2) filter form and structure.
It is worth mentioning that fibre has been
applied to water-treatment as filter media
for decades. For such an application, fibrous
media have attracted great interest due to
their good properties, such as stable property,
larger specific surface area, greater holding
capacity, varying porosity and lower filter
resistance. In addition, the polymer fibre,
a kind of flexible filamentous materials,
can be easily processed into various types
of filter media according to the need of the
filtering process. As we all know, during
the development process of fibre filtration
Feature 33
technology, the fibrous materials have
generally experienced two patterns – random
and structured fibre.
Accordingly, the fibre filters have generally
experienced short fibre filter, brush filter,
HW depth filter, fibre-ball filter, comet-
fibre filter and long fibre bundle filter, etc.
Although filters have made great progress, the
deficiencies exposed in practical engineering
hinder wide application of these systems
which highlight the small throughput, bad
backwashing, deposition in fibre core and the
vulnerable working conditions resulting from
fluctuation of inflow.
The RFDF may also be derived from the
combination between short fibre filter and
brush filter accordingly, linking the random
characteristic with regular characteristic.
This special structure not only keeps fibre
media compacting under the hydraulic shock,
but prevents forming the washing dead zone
because of the tangle fibres.
In comparison, RFDF has the following
advantages:
1. Change the filtering surface vertically,
which can reduce footprint without adding
filter area. The accessory equipment is
compact and take up less space;
2. The filter disks are almost always in a
state of filtering and the filtration system
needs less electric equipment, so the total
installed power is very low;
3. Backwashing water is less than 0.03% of the
total circulation of water;
4. Automation control and low idleness ratio
of plant;
5. Easy installation and maintenance friendly.
As for the application of RFDF, as mentioned
above, these advantages of RFDF provide a
34 Feature
Figure 4 and Figure 5: In 2007, a coking plant applied the TH10000 filter-a new type of RFDF to the circulating water system, which served for 1.1 million ton of coking items.
RFDF has the following advantages: small footprint, great throughput, automation control, easy installation and maintenance friendly. The system has been running well and the
control result is satisfying.
good opportunity to change from a municipal
wastewater treatment to an industrial
wastewater treatment, especially to the oilfield
wastewater treatment. It is proposed that the
effluent quality can achieve the injected water
quality standard of a low permeability oilfield,
through double slow sand filters (primary
filter speed 8m/h, secondary filter speed 4m/h),
as many tests have shown. But, at the same
time, it still has low speed, more filtering
tanks, large footprint, and so on. Therefore,
the throughput should not be too large and
the processing scale is limited. Afterwards, the
application of multi-layer media of anthracite,
Figure 6: The results show the inflow and outflow water quality after the RFDF filtration.
quartz sand, magnetite, walnut shell and other
media replaced the single media of quartz sand.
Although the filtering effect has improved, there
exist some technical problems, such as filter
material quality, grading, backwashing intensity
and backwashing methods.
By 2008, the geological reserves of low
permeability oilfields accounted for 37.6%
of total reverses. With regards to the
low permeability oilfield, injected water
meeting the standards is the core issue of
oilfield production. By this statistically,
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
China’s water injection rate has reached
1 billion m3/a, which certainly represents
a huge water treatment market. However,
the ‘out-moved’ water treatment facilities
have been one of the factors restricting the
development of oil industry, which provides a
new stage for the fibre filtering technology.
At the moment, developing oil-resistance
fibre has drawn attention. If the oil-resistance
fibre combines with the advanced RFDF
technology, it will have a very promising
application in the future.
Additionally, the geometric structure of the
fibre has a great influence on the performance
of fibrous filter. Researchers have applied the
model to the numerical simulation, while
numerical simulation results can be fed back
to the development of the fibre media model.
By this procedure, new fibre media with many
advantages such as great porosity, large specific
surface area, low pressure drop and high flow
rate will be designed, which is a better guide
to the development of RFDF. •
Contacts:
Jian Jiang (Assistant Engineer)
Tel: +86 183 9213 9229,
Email: jiangjian@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
Zongkuan Liu (Senior Engineer)
Tel: +86 159 2955 5299,
Email: zkliu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
Yanling He (Professor)
Tel: +86 138 9193 9065,
Email: heyl@ mail.xjtu.edu.cn
School of Chemical Engineering and
Technology, Xi’an JiaoTong University,
Xi’an 710049, China.
 GLOBAL WATER WATER FOR GROWTH
SUMMIT Monday 7th and Tuesday 8th April
2014 Marriott Rive Gauche Hotel, PARIS, FRANCE
X Desalination X Technologies for industry
X Energy and reuse X Emerging water markets

Come to the Global Water Summit for: includes:

- to get involved, to join the debate
and get things done. Whichever part
of the industry you're in, you'll find
you're in the right place to meet
more key water and industry leaders
than you ever thought possible:
X Water ministers and utility chief X One 2 One pre-arranged meetings
executives who take responsibility for X Lively interactive workshops
water infrastructure
X 40 international round-tables
X Business leaders who rely on water to
X 100+ top speakers
maintain their production
X Investors who are concerned about the
impact of water risk on their portfolios
X Engineers and water treatment
specialists who can provide the solutions

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Gold Sponsor

Silver
Sponsor

Dr David Kilcullen, Gail Klintworth, Dr Abdullah William Ambrose, Industrial Partner

President and CEO, Chief Sustainability Al-Alshaikh, Global Head of Silver
Caerus Associates Officer, Unilever Deputy Governor Risk, Norges Silver Sponsor Events
Sponsor and Publishing
for Planning and Bank Partner
Development, Saline
Water Conversion
Bronze Bronze
Corporation (CWCC) Sponsors Sponsors

THE GLOBAL WATER AWARDS 2014 Awards Sponsor

Vote now at www.globalwaterawards.com Bronze
Sponsors

Bronze Sponsor

Bronze
Sponsors Smart Water
sponsor

HE Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia

and Nobel Laureate will present the Global
Water Awards at the Gala Dinner on 7th April.
Image ©World Bank/Simone D. McCourtie

Register now at
www.watermeetsmoney.com
Satisfaction guaranteed - or your money back
36 Application
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Rainwater harvesting:
Vortex filters make
cost savings at
German hospital
hrough careful planning and the right filtration technology, rainwater
T harvesting and its use can result in significant savings in utility
costs. Architect Klaus Koenig of Ueberlingen, Germany outlines to
Filtration+Separation how this worked at a hospital in Bad Hersfeld.

Klinikum Bad Hersfeld

In 1995, when the clinic in Bad Hersfeld was

still operating as the general county hospital,
it benefitted from subsidies established by
the Federal State of Hessen and installed a
rainwater harvesting system during a first
phase of construction. This was subsequently
expanded in 2001 and 2008. Today, 15 clinics
operate under a single roof. With a wide
range of medical and healthcare services and
577 hospital beds, the Bad Hersfeld Clinic
is now the main medical competence centre
for eastern and central Hessen. With roughly
1,800 employees, it is one of the region’s
biggest employers and a significant economic
factor in the area.

However, hospitals are coming under more

financial pressure through rising salaries for
hospital doctors, fewer services covered by
health insurers, and increasing investment
required in medical equipment. Both privately
and state-run institutions focus their attention
on operating costs, especially those for energy
and water. ‘Rainwater harvesting’ represented
a potential area to save money.

Klinikum Bad Hersfeld in Germany, showing the town's clinic. Rainwater use in a hospital

Building services and modern medical
technology are complex issues in a hospital. A
working group for environmental protection
was organised in the Bad Hersfeld clinic as
early as 1988. The management had already
pursued a stringent quality management
concept for many years. Certification of the
clinic as a whole with respect to environmental
management (re-certification, EMAS II),
certification of the central sterilisation
facilities according to DIN-ISO as well as
integration of a RISK management system,
were pre-requisites for the establishment of a
comprehensive quality management system.
The technical department, which is responsible
for procurement and maintenance, was also
responsible for the most recently published
environmental statement in 2011.
In 1996, in an environmental guide, the
Bavarian Ministry of State for Regional
Development and Environmental Affairs
wrote the following guidelines:
Install model facilities in public buildings.
Benefit from the fact that these buildings are
open to the public and can be used to publicise
the concept of rainwater harvesting. Using
 Application 37
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

rainwater from the roof is not only permitted in

administration buildings, but also in community
buildings, including buildings that are required
to satisfy special hygienic requirements, such
as hospitals, old people’s homes, schools and
nurseries.

However, this needs to be handled particularly

carefully. Hygiene problems, which can arise if
pipes for drinking water are incorrectly connected
to those for rainwater, will not just affect a
larger number of people, but people who tend
to be more susceptible to health risks. Providing
the specifications stipulated for the construction
and operation of rainwater harvesting systems
are complied with, the head of the institution is
authorised to decide whether to install this kind of
system or not.

Hygiene

Surveys and favourable reviews on the safety

of such systems were available in the mid-
1990s from projects in Hamburg, Bremen,
Hanover, Fulda and Stuttgart. However, in
the past few years there has been a downward
trend in rainwater harvesting. The Drinking
Water Ordinance came into force on 1
January 2003, which corresponded to the DIN
1989-1 Directive of April 2002, and permitted Klinikum Bad Hersfeld has made significant savings through rainwater harvesting. (Photo: Sperfeld)
rainwater to be used in buildings to flush
toilets, wash clothes and water gardens. The
discussion about hygiene issues had died down.

The earlier high demand was certainly also due

to considerably more privately-owned homes
being built, and due to state-wide subsidies
granted by the state of Hessen between 1992
and 1996 for utilising rainwater.

Project funding from groundwater extraction

fees was able to be used in Hessen from
1992. According to an appraisal in 1997, a
total of 410 rainwater systems were funded
in public buildings through fixed subsidies,
including schools, town halls, community
buildings, utility buildings, cemeteries,
construction sites, and communal and sports
halls owned by clubs, for example. The
Protestant Evangelical regional association –
an umbrella organisation of the 72 parishes
and social institutions in Frankfurt – launched
a programme in 1996 to save water including
rainwater utilisation for its 500 parish
buildings, children’s nurseries, health and
advice centres, churches and other buildings. The self-cleaning vortex filter for rainwater, installed in the feed pipe leading to the steel tank. (Photo: WISY AG)

Water demand
According to Heiko Kohlrenken, the officer
for environmental management and technical
director at the clinic in Bad Hersfeld, overall
water consumption has decreased over the
past five years from 3.06 m3 per in-patient to
2.69 m3. Use of rainwater to water the grounds
was introduced during the first construction
phase as early as 1995. A fountain and pond
are also fed with water from the cisterns.
Since 2001, 71 toilets have been supplied with
rainwater by the system. In 2008, another
40 toilets for a 140-bed ward in the south
part of the building were connected up to
the rainwater system. This brought in further
savings of 1,613 m3 per year.
According to Kohlrenken, the cooling system
for vacuum pumps used in the sterilisation
process is particularly effective. The steriliser
manufacturer claims that 4,000m3 of softened
water at a maximum of 14°C was previously
used on an annual basis, and subsequently fed
warm into the sewage system. Today, rainwater
flows through a closed circuit at 20°C into the
cisterns, where the waste heat is dissipated.
To keep the circulating water fresh, a certain
share of the cooling water that is fed into the
circuit, is gradually replaced.
Compared with an approximate 80,000m3
of drinking water consumed in 1992, only
60,000m3 is now needed per year in the
buildings monitored. Of the 20,000m3 of
drinking water saved, 20% (4,000m3) was
38 Application
Cross-sectional drawing of the self-cleaning vortex filter
for rainwater. (WISY AG)
saved from applying rainwater cooling
technology.
Fees saved in one year
A volume of 2,564m3 was extracted from the
cistern, while 384m3 of drinking water had
to be resupplied during dry periods, leaving
a used rainwater yield of 2,180m3. Add to
this the 4,000m3 that is saved with regard
to cooling water, and the volume of water
totals 6,180m3. At a drinking water price
of €2.12/m3, costs have been reduced by
€13,101.60. Since 1 January 2003, the clinic
has also profited from an amendment to the
statutes of the city of Bad Hersfeld. In 2007,
rainwater was accounted for on a source-
Rainwater technology project data
1st construction phase 1995
Tank volume:
Application (watering, pond, fountain):
Maintenance outlay:
Operating costs:
2nd and 3rd construction phases 2001/2008
Tank volume, extended by
Application: (cooling water circuit for
sterilisation system, watering, pond, flushing
of 111 toilets):
Maintenance:
Operating costs:
Planning and implementation
System technology planning:
Filter technology manufacturer:
Assembly:
related basis at a price of €0.66 for each
square metre of sealed area that was drained
into the sewage system. Cisterns designed for
rainwater usage that include a sewer junction,
as used in the clinic, can accommodate a roof
area of 15m2 for each cubic metre of holding
capacity. The rainwater storage tank, which
holds 45.4m3, therefore leads to a reduction of
681m2, or in other words €449.46. Together
with drinking water fees, Bad Hersfeld Clinic
saved €13,551.06 in 2007 by using rainwater.
Operating costs, including filter maintenance
and electricity for the rainwater pumps, were
largely offset by the fact that the drinking
water no longer had to be softened for
the cooling process.
Rainwater technology
The rainwater storage tank, which was
created in 1995, is made of steel. The battery
of tanks that was additionally installed in
2001 comprises eight plastic tanks. Both
storage systems are connected to each other
and both collect rainwater. Before the
rainwater enters the cistern, it goes through a
filter. The filter is an important component of
a rainwater harvesting system, as it contributes
to the quality of the water and trouble-free
operation of the system. The vortex filter
principle, which is applied in this system, was
invented in Vogelsberg just in time before
the boom began in the 1990s. The vortex
filter provided a solution. The filter sleeve
is a cylindrical, perforated component with
a filter mesh of 0.28 mm, which snugly lines
the wall of the feed pipe without narrowing
the cross-section of the pipe. It enables dirt
to be removed (filter type C in accordance
with DIN 1989-2:2004-08). Filtered particles
are swilled into the sewer pipe without
blocking the filter or having to be disposed
of. This results in a highly effective system
with a long useful lifetime, ie, a large water
yield, good purification and it is low on
maintenance. In compliance with 1989-1 a
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
1 × 29,400 l
250 m3/year
1 hour/month
€100/year approx.
8 × 2,000 l
2,900m3/year
2 hours/month
€500/year approx.
Ing. Gemeinschaft Libbach & Janssen, Eschborn
WISY AG, Kefenrod
Hermann Horn, Wildeck-Bosserode
filter has to be cleaned at least once a year.
This kind of vortex filter is also in continuous
operation in industrial units, and is cleaned
automatically by a spray nozzle. The filters
were manufactured by WISY AG of Kefenrod,
Germany.
Amortisation
Mr Kohlrenken evaluated the rainwater/
operating water technology for the year 2010
with a view to future expansion and additional
building projects at the Bad Hersfeld Clinic.
His evaluation revealed investment costs
of €21,000 (€71,100 minus the subsidy of
€50,100 in 1995 that was funded by the State
of Hessen). Taking the costs saved in 2009
amounting to €13,728 into consideration, the
amortisation period was less than two years.
This also includes investments for spare parts
and increasing operating costs. Projected over
an operating period of 20 years, the clinic will
save a sum of €274,554.
Plans have now been formed to expand the
system by another 100 toilets in new buildings
and building conversions. The need for water
will be balanced to suit the water yield by
enlarging the storage tanks by a further 10m3.
Mr Kohlrenken estimates targeted savings of
an additional €5,373 per year, which, in 20
years will amount to €107,465. Investments
will cost between €31,500 and €58,000,
producing an amortisation period of 6-11
years. •
Contact:
Klaus W. Koenig
Jakob-Kessenring-Str. 38
88662 Ueberlingen
Germany
Tel: +49 07551 61305
www.klauswkoenig.com
 2nd International Conference on
Ionic Liquids in Separation and
Purification Technologgyy
June 29 – July 2, 2014,
The Westin Harbour Castle, Toronto, Canada
CONFERENCE CHAIRS:
Prof. Edward Maggin, Univver
e si
sity
tyy of Notre Dame, USA
Dr. Mark Shiflett, Dupont, USA A

PLENARY SPEAKERS
Prof. Wolfgang Arlt, Der Universitat Erlangen Nurnberg, Germa
m ny
Prof. Daniel Armstrong, University of Texas, USA
Prof. Martin Atkins, Petronas, Malaysia
Prof. Joao Couutinho, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Prof. Robin Rogers, University of Alabama, USA

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Prof. Joan Brennecke, University of Notre Dame, USA
Prof. Margarida Costa Gomes, Université Blaise Pascal, France
Dr. John Holbrey, Queen’s University, Unitede Kingdom
Prof. Philip Jessop, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Prof Udo Kragl, Universität Rostock,
Prof. Rostock Germany
Prof. Agilio Padua, Université Blaise Pascal, France
Dr. Paul Painter, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Dr. Thomas Schubert, Iolitec, Germany
Prof. Suojiang Zhang, CAS Institute of Process Engineering, China

For more information,

including a full list of conference topics, visit
www.ilsept.com
40 Application
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Rainwater harvesting
Mexican rainwater
re-use project
leads to amazing
transformation
drainage project in Monterrey, Mexico has created a sustainable
A blueprint for rainwater re-use, which could be replicated in central
America and elsewhere to help tackle the challenges of urban
regeneration and water scarcity. In this case, a solution pioneered the
use of stormwater treatment technologies and helped to combat the
country’s severe water scarcity problems.
Monterrey is the capital of Mexico’s Nuevo
Leon state in the north east of the country.
With a population of four million it is the
third biggest city in Mexico. In the arid
northern regions of the country, water scarcity
is becoming an increasing problem caused by
over-extraction from underground aquifers.

Ambitious project

In an ambitious social rehabilitation project,

1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) of abandoned
street islands running along eight blocks of
Monterrey’s main Edison Avenue close to the
city centre have been transformed from hot-
spots of crime and deprivation into a meeting
point for the local community, including
sports facilities and children’s play areas.

With a catchment basin of 540,000 m2 (133

acres) draining almost 300,000m3 (equivalent
to 10,500,000 ft3) of rainwater, the area
was prone to heavy flooding and subject to
pollution from rubbish and other floatable
debris as well as from hydrocarbons carried in
the run-off during storm periods.

A solution designed and built by Solutions

Hidropluviales of Mexico City pioneered the
Figure 1: Using rainwater retention for stormwater management has not been common in Mexico, but it could have use of stormwater treatment technologies
great potential as a sustainable solution. from Hydro International in combination
 Application 41
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

with stormwater storage to recycle rainwater,

irrigate the islands and plant a ‘green corridor’
of 170 oak trees.

The project employs a novel concept using

Hydro vortex separation technologies to
clean the runoff upstream of two retention
tanks, said Alberto Burgoa, president
and CEO of Solutions Hidropluviales, Hydro’s
stormwater product distributors in Mexico.

“Using rainwater retention for stormwater

management has not been common in
Mexico, but we believe it could have great
potential as a sustainable solution that can
help combat the country’s severe water
scarcity problems,” Mr Burgoa said.

“The solution we have engineered will store

enough water to irrigate the oak trees for 62
days. The technology completed the drainage
project in a very short three-month timescale.
We hope the technology we have developed
can not only provide clean water for irrigation
projects, but also be used for industrial or
other urban regeneration schemes throughout
Mexico.”

The new rainwater harvesting solution was

retrofitted underneath one of the traffic Figure 2: The drainage project was completed in a brief three-month timescale.
islands with treatment solutions supplied via
Hydro’s US Stormwater Division, which is
headquartered in Portland, Maine, USA.

A Hydro Downstream Defender vortex

separator removes sediment, oils and floatables
from the stormwater before it enters the first
186m3 (6,569 ft3) plastic tank, designed to
regulate the flow and store water. At the
outlet to the tank a Hydro Up-Flo Filter
provides further high-performance stormwater
filtration to remove fine sediments nutrients
and metals. Then the water passes into a 62m2
(2,190 cubic foot) storage tank, from where it
is pumped to the drip irrigation system.

Quick completion

“We completed the drainage project in a very

short three-month timescale,” Mr Burgoa
said. “The Hydro products were quick and
simple to install.” Although the Downstream
Defender and Up-Flo Filter typically require
maintenance once per year, the heavy
pollutant load of the drainage area will require
more frequent clean-outs.

“The Downstream Defender and Up-Flo Filter

will require maintenance twice a year, which
is minimal compared to alternative stormwater Figure 3: The project has seen the islands transformed into a series of family recreation areas including a children’s
treatment solutions,” added Mr Burgoa. playground.

The urban and social regeneration of the
Edison district is achieved by grassroot
development and citizen participation. This
project is being led by OXXO, Mexico’s
national convenience store chain which has
its headquarters in the area. OXXO gathered
together a group of investors and sponsors
to form The Trust Poligono Edison. The
Stormwater solution was supported by FEMSA
Foundation as part of its programme in
sustainable development of water resources.
The project has seen the islands transformed
into a series of family recreation areas
including a children’s playground, exercise
equipment, and public fountains. Cultural
activities will be organised for the areas 24,000
residents to provide a central community focus
and encourage improved social conditions. •
www.hydro-int.com
42 Product focus
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Polymers
Polyvinylidene
fluoride fibres
for multiple high
performance uses
olyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has long been used for industrial
P monofilament applications. In this article for Filtration+Separation
Sean M Stabler, James Henry, and Jerome Chauveau of Arkema,
developers of the new Kynar PVDF, discuss how fresh grades allow
the dimensions of fibres to be scaled down to very low diameter
fibres, giving access to new opportunities. They state it is an
adaptable fluoropolymer, whioh can be applied to many markets
including transportation and chemical processing.
Kynar PVDF is available as a bioprocess and pharmaceutical of a linear material. For fibres, density material as compared to
homopolymer or copolymer disposable systems; high purity denier is defined as grams per common synthetic fibre materials
resin especially designed to components for semiconductor 9,000m of fibre. Specific gravity such as polypropylene and
be manufactured into mono water and chemical processing; is the unit mass per volume. polyester. As such, density should
and multi filament fibres to flame and smoke resistant wire Relatively speaking, Kynar PVDF be considered when comparing
be converted into woven and and cable jacketing for plenum material is considered to be a high denier per filament (dpf) of
nonwoven articles. rated products; protective
paints for architectural coatings;
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes for filtration of water
is a high performance engineering and food; foams for light weight
polymer which was introduced in applications; and most recently
the 1960s when Arkema began fibres for woven and nonwoven
manufacturing the trademarked applications 1,2,3,4,5.
Kynar PVDF family of materials.
Today, there are more than 40 Background
different Kynar PVDF grades
available to the market for a Terminology often associated with
wide range of manufacturing the traditional polymer industry is
processes including extrusion, quite different than that used for
injection moulding, rotational the fibre industry. It is important
moulding, coatings, and solution to note a key term and how it
casting. The ease of processing relates to specific polymers and
has led to applications which the design of components made
include: corrosion resistant from said polymers.
liners for tanks and pipes;
protective films for photovoltaic Denier is simply the term used to
solar panels; barrier films for describe the mass per unit length Figure 1: Kynar nonwoven point bonded.
 Product focus 43
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

• abrasion resistance in tensile properties. So it is

• flame resistance – high LOI easy to see that a Kynar PVDF
• chemically inert fibre could find applications
• up to 150°C use temperature in environments which other
• triboelectric polymers could not perform easily
• high thermo-mechanical or for a suitable duration.
strength
• ‘weatherable’ – especially Kynar PVDF’s broad range of
to UV properties and processability
• low coefficient of friction ideally complement its high purity
• resistant to fungal growth nature as it does not require
• oxidation resistance processing aides like plasticizers
• high crystallinity and flow aides, nor does it need
performance enhancers such as
Kynar PVDF has excellent UV stabilizers and anti-oxidants.
chemical resistance and is often This attributes to why PVDF
specified for applications due to grades have an impressive listing
total resistance to: of regulatory approvals ranging
• water – including steam from USP class VI, NSF 61,
• strong acids ASTM E84, FDA compliant for
Figure 2: Kynar crimped multifilament. • strong oxidants food contact, etc. For further
• aromatic solvents information on the listing, please
different polymers. Table 1 below is a key variable to filtration • aliphatic solvents contact Arkema Inc.
shows how the specific gravity has efficiency. • hydrocarbons
an effect on the fibre diameter as Kynar resin grades
compared to a constant denier per General properties Kynar products are also used in
filament. of PVDF other chemical applications, but Fibres are available in many
with certain limitations to: different forms including: staple
For example, it is important to To fully understand why there • ketones fibres, nonwovens, monofilaments
note that when specifying a 3dpf is a growing interest in Kynar • amines and multifilaments. These
of PP and PVDF, one should PVDF fibres; let’s discuss some of • strong bases forms are often converted into
understand that the fibre diameter the key attributes of this versatile • fuming acids woven fabrics, knitted fabrics,
of PP is 29% larger, which can fluoropolymer. spun yarns, or nonwovens. Until
have a significant effect on the Of course, all applications are recently, PVDF has only been
final products performance. With Kynar PVDF is an adaptable dependent on concentrations, available commercially as a
this noted smaller diameter fibres fluoropolymer, finding temperatures, pressures, and monofilament.
lead to higher specific surface applications in many markets exposure time.
areas in filters, as the specific including chemical processing, Kynar PVDF monofilaments
surface area varies inversely electricity and electronics, Another key property of growing have been used for many years
with diameter (~1/d)6. So it is high purity, transportation, and interest is its oxidative resistance to make fishing line and nets as
important to understand how the architecture. Some of the key to both concentrated ozone as well as woven fabric cloths used
specific gravity of a synthetic fibre attributes of Kynar products, well as oxidizing agents. For in the bleaching segment of pulp
has an effect on fibre diameter for without additives or post example, Kynar 705 multifilament and paper mills7. These types of
a constant denier per filament. treatments, is naturally: fibres having a 1 micron fabrics are generally made from
This is especially important for • hydrophobic4 fibre diameter has been fully thick monofilament, ~10 mil
filtration, as surface area of fibres • oleophobic4 submerged in 80°C concentrated and greater. The monofilament
chromic acid for two weeks. products can be produced using
Fiber Testing before and after exposure several different homopolymer
Specific Denier/ showed no loss in tensile and grades of Kynar PVDF resins.
Polymer Diameter
Gravity (g/cc) Filament (dpf) elongation properties of the The grade typically depends on
(micron)
PTFE 2.15 3 14.1
fibres. This property is important the melt processing technology
to both battery applications of the manufacturer and desired
PVDF 1.78 3 15.4
and water related applications physical properties of the final
Polyester 1.38 3 17.6
where ozone is commonly used product.
PP 0.905 3 21.7 as a sterilisation technique. In
PPS 1.35 3 17.8 addition to sterilisation, Kynar Arkema has realised that there
Table 1: Comparison of polymers for fibre. products are safely autoclaved, are a broad range of practices
gamma irradiated, and chemically to make Kynar PVDF fibre and
Melt Typical Fiber sterilised. have such commercialized several
Melt Viscosity different grades of Kynar PVDF
Kynar Grade Temperature Diameter
(kpoise) Similar immersion tests have suitable to make melt spun fibres,
(°C) (mil)
705 168 2-4 <<10 been performed on Kynar PVDF as shown in Table 2. These same
710 168 4-8 ~10
homopolymer and copolymer grades, as well as select copolymer
products with acetic acid, nitric Kynar PVDF grades, have also
720 168 6-12 10-40
acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulphuric been solvated with known active
740 168 15-22 20-125
acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium solvents so that they can be
760 168 23-30 20-125 hydroxide, bromine, iodine, drawn into fibres using electro-
460 160 23-29 20-125 acetone, ethylene glycol, and spinning and other specialised
Table 2: Standard Kynar fibre grades. others with minimal to zero loss solution cast technologies8.
44 Product focus
Figure 3. Kynar staple fibre.
The solution spun fibres of these
grades have been known to reach
<350 nm Kynar fibre diameters.
Until recently, most Kynar
PVDF fibres were 10mm and
greater in diameter. Arkema
recognised that smaller diameter
fibres were needed to enter into
new markets and applications.
So Arkema developed a new
homopolymer grade called Kynar
705 which is designed to address
the demands of a low diameter
fibre. This new grade has been
found useful for making micron
and even submicron diameter
fibres by means of solution or
melt spinning practices and has
now been used to make other
fibre forms including staple fibres,
spunbond nonwovens, island and
sea fibres, and multifilaments.
The extension of the Kynar
PVDF product line has now
begun to open the doors for
improvements in technologies
and developing market
opportunities which were not
available several years ago. The
extension of the product line
now allows Kynar PVDF to be
manufactured into many major
forms of fibres.
Fibre applications
Specific applications of interests
for the high flow Kynar 705 grade
are fine diameter melt or solution
spun processes for conversion
into mono and multifilament
fibres. These fibres can then be
converted into various yarns or
fabrics, which can further be
manufactured into textiles and
filtres.
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
conjunction with other synthetic resistance, such as the automotive
polymer or glass materials for industry, protective fabrics and
desired benefits. garments, etc which would benefit
from a material with a naturally
For example, Kynar 705 high limiting oxygen index
multifilaments can be spun and (LOI) of 70% without the need
precision cut into staple fibres of additives or post-treatments
for conversion into air, wet, to increase the LOI. Other areas
or dry laid nonwovens. These may include specialty applications
Kynar 705 cut fibres can be in automotive, aviation and
incorporated into filters for fuel institutional applications where
due to its excellent resistance improved flame resistance is often
to hydrocarbons, and fuels desired.
containing alcohols like ethanol
and methanol. Filters can also There are also several applications
be manufactured for diesel and of interest for textiles. Kynar
biodiesel fuels as well. Kynar PVDF fibres are easily woven and
PVDF is extremely resistant to can be incorporated with other
diesel and biodiesel fuels and such organic fibres to improve water,
would be an interesting solution chemical or flame resistance of
to the replacement of glass fibres textile fabrics which could be
These woven products can currently used for coalescing used for shirts, suits, pants, or
be used in combinations with filters. other accessories which may
multifilament fibres of small require low coefficient of friction
diameter and monofilament fibres Beyond filtration, Kynar fibres between the textile and object
of larger diameter. The larger would likely be useful as a being covered. Kynar PVDF is
monofilaments serve as support, barrier material for corrosive also known for its lack of odour
while the smaller multifilament environments for example in absorption and stain resistance,
fibres increase surface area fibre glass reinforced (FRP) tanks which could likely be valuable
for improved filtration and piping systems, where the for certain garments. Another
characteristics. Applications for nonwovens are incorporated group of markets for Kynar PVDF
fibre products are for, but not in the FRP matrix to serve as fibres are outdoor applications
limited to, liquid filtration of barrier layer when used in harsh including:
hot acids, oils, water, chlorinated conditions. • tents – military and civilian
water, suspended solids, ‘sticky’ • awnings
materials, etc. Kynar PVDF In addition, Kynar fibres could • umbrellas
fibres can also be used for steam be useful in areas requiring flame • flags
and air filters which may have
chemical mists from oils, glycols,
water, etc.
Kynar PVDF is an excellent
polymer for pressurised filters
which produce a cake of foulants.
Since Kynar PVDF has a low
co-efficient of friction, the
foulants tend to release from
the fibres very easily and can be
collected and removed from the
systems or easily discharged by
back flushing and reverse pressure
pulsing. Some of the particles
being filtered out can be quite
coarse; Kynar PVDF is known for
its excellent abrasion resistance
and is an excellent choice for
these harsh applications.
Multifilament Kynar PVDF
fibres can be cut and crimped
into staple fibres. The advantage
here is that these staple fibres
can be converted into a
nonwoven by needle punch,
hydro entangled, or other means
to mechanically form a bound
web to form a fabric useful for
air or liquid filtration. Staple
fibres can further be used in Figure 4: Kynar multi-filament spool.

Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
• sails
• geomembranes
The excellent UV resistance of
Kynar PVDF has been proven
in the paint and solar energy
industry for over 45 years and this
performance would translate to
textile fibres.
There are also several niche
markets which Kynar PVDF is
an excellent material choice.
Perhaps one of the most
innovative markets is for battery
applications9. Kynar PVDF is
commercially used as a binder
in lithium-ion batteries for the
consumer electronic markets
because of its excellent oxidative
resistance properties8. The
chemical stability has also gained
interests for using Kynar fibres
as battery membrane separators.
The fibre separators are used
to keep positive and negative
electrodes apart while allowing
transport of ionic charge carriers
in electro chemical cells. The
chemical resistance and long term
durability of Kynar PVDF for
lithium ion battery has created
great interests in the anode and
the cathode section of the battery
and now technology is trending
towards better separator materials
and/or membranes with improved
oxidative properties – where
Kynar fibres is likely a solution.
Kynar resins have been actively
used for microporous ultra and
micro filtration membranes
for decades. Kynar PVDF
fibres can further be used as
a complimentary membrane
filtration support for food and
water. In particular, a great deal
of interest is in Kynar PVDF
nonwoven technologies. As
the fibres continue to reach
lower nanometer diameters, the
filtration efficiency is improved
tremendously. The majority of
the liquid filtration markets use
harsh chemical agents such as
chlorines, bromines, alcohols,
acids, ozone, etc. to clean the
filtration systems. Kynar PVDF
is known for resistance to all of
these cleaning and/or sterilisation
techniques.
Kynar PVDF monofilaments have
been used in pulp & paper and
fishing markets for many years.
By market demand, Arkema has
now developed appropriate Kynar
PVDF grades to address new
Product focus 45
opportunities and applications Solvent Boiling Point (°C) Flash Point (°C)
where a lower diameter fibre Dimethyl Acetamide 166 70
product is desired for liquid & air N-Methyle-2-Pyrrolidone 202 95
filtration, flat sheet membrane
Dimethyl Formamide 153 67
supports, woven textiles, battery
Dimethyl Sulfoxide 189 35
separators, personal protective
fabrics, flame barrier, and Triethyl Phosphate 215 116
chemical resistant barriers. Tetramethyl Urea 177 65
Table 3: Active Kynar PVDF Solvents.
Manufacturing Processes
Last, and potentially most
importantly, Kynar PVDF parts
can be manufactured on standard
melt processing equipment by
many processing techniques.
Kynar PVDF fluoropolymer is
easily melt processable. From the
perspective of a polymer resin
converter, it is very important
that standard melt processing
equipment can be used to make
a broad range of products. Many
fluoropolymers require melt
processing equipment with Table 4: Kynar PVDF solution viscosities in NMP.
specialised corrosion resistant
steel and very high temperature
capabilities. As a fluoropolymer,
Kynar PVDF is an exception as it
does not require a special metal
alloy extruder, barrel, or screw for
melt processing nor does it require
high temperature capabilities.
Standard melt processing
equipment used for polyolefins
and other commodity resins is
all that is necessary. Whereas,
other fluoropolymers, such as
FEP, ETFE, ECTFE, PTFE, etc.
do require specialised processing
equipment and techniques to Table 5: Kynar PVDF Solutions in DMAc.
manufacture into products.
These specialised processes strength thermal welds. Kynar References
and equipment contribute to PVDF can be thermally formed
higher costs for the final product. into shapes by the use of heat. Please contact the authors for a
For example, a Kynar PVDF filter complete list of references.
Kynar PVDF can also be produced could easily be thermally welded
by solution casting and spinning. from a flat sheet into a tubular Contacts:
There are very few solvents structure simply using heat. This Sean M Stabler is a business
which will dissolve Kynar PVDF, is advantageous for assembly and development engineer in the
the most common are listed in design of filters which may require Fluoropolymers business group
Table 3. Specific grades of Kynar geometries beyond flat sheet, such at Arkema, responsible for Kynar
PVDF and solvents have different as a pleated design. PVDF foams, fibres, membrane and
interactions with each other. See industrial water markets.
Tables 4 and 5 for a comparison Conclusion Email: sean.stabler@arkema.com
of solution viscosity versus solids James Henry is a senior research
content in different solvents. Kynar PVDF is a high engineer at Arkema, responsible for
performance polymer with Kynar PVDF development activities
Solution viscosity information is versatile properties allowing in wire & cable, chemical processing
important for solvent spinning of it to be used in the harshest and fibres & textiles.
Kynar PVDF fibres. conditions. The processability Email: james.henry@arkema.com
of the polymer allows it to take Jerome Chauveau is a business
In addition to being processable, many general forms from pipe to development engineer at Arkema,
Kynar PVDF also has another coatings and now to low diameter responsible for Kynar PVDF
important property. Kynar fibres. As the grades of Kynar development activities in energy
PVDF is easily welded and PVDF continue to evolve, so (Cable, Li-ion battery, etc.) and
thermoformed. Many polymers will the applications and final fibres & textiles industries.
cannot easily be welded, but products. For more information, Email: jerome.chauveau@arkema.
Kynar PVDF is known for high contact this paper’s authors. • com
46 Product finder
Product Finder
ACTIVATED
CARBON
Blücher GmbH
Mettmanner Str. 25
D-40699 Erkrath, Germany
Tel: + 49 (0) 211 92 44 123
Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
E-mail: nicole.weber@bluecher.com
Website: www.bluecher.com
Eurocarb
Products Ltd.
Bristol
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 117 982 0333
Fax: +44 (0) 117 982 9808
Website: www.eurocarb.com
European Subsidiary of Haycarb
PLC World's largest Coconut Shell
Activated Carbon manufacturer
and specialist impregnated carbon
producer/distributor.
ACTIVATED CARBON
FILTERS
Blücher GmbH
Mettmanner Str. 25
D-40699 Erkrath, Germany
Tel: + 49 (0) 211 92 44 123
Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
E-mail: nicole.weber@bluecher.com
Website: www.bluecher.com
Purification
Products
Reliance Works, Saltaire Road
Shipley, West Yorkshire
BD18 3HL, UK
Tel: +44 1274 530 155
Fax: +44 1274 580 453
E-mail: sales@purification.co.uk
Website: www.purification.co.uk
Activated carbon filter media.
Other active powders can be
incorporated. Custom medias
manufactured.
ADHESIVES
Franklin Adhesives &
Polymers
2020 Bruck Street
Columbus, Ohio, USA, 43207
Tel: +1 800 877 4583
E-mail: marketing@
franklininternational.com
Website:www.
franklinadhesivesandpolymers.com
If you would like to feature in
Product Finder
contact:
Europe (excluding Germany, Switzerland & Austria)
Stuart Payne
T: +44-(0) 1932 564999 E: stuart.payne@husonmedia.com
Germany, Switzerland & Austria
Christian Hoelscher
T: +49-(0) 89 95002778 E: christian.hoelscher@husonmedia.com
North America
Michael Mitchell, T: +1 631 673 0072 E: mjm@4m-media.com
Charlotte Alexandra, T: +1 631 673 0072 E: charlotte@4m-media.com
The cost per category is €460/$480/£305 for 12 months.
AIR MEDIA FILTER COMPONENTS
FILTER & END CAPS
Blücher GmbH A2Z Filtration Specialities
Mettmanner Str. 25 Pvt. Ltd.
D-40699 Erkrath, Germany Design Centre & Manufacturing
Tel: + 49 (0) 211 92 44 123 Facility
Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211 D-1, Infocity, Phase - II
E-mail: nicole.weber@bluecher.com Sector-33, Gurgaon 122 001
Website: www.bluecher.com India
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700
CABIN AIR/GAS MASK/ Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388
Skype ID: a2zfiltration
MINIPLEAT/ROTARY, E-mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com/
BLADE PLEATERS AND a2zfiltration@vsnl.net/
info@a2zfiltration.com
OTHER SPECIAL Website: www.a2zfiltration.com
PURPOSE MACHINES A2Z offers over 1500 part numbers of
FOR FILTER pressed sheet metal and machined
parts, aluminium cast caps, Nylon 66
PRODUCTION glass filled components.
A2Z Filtration Specialities Blücher GmbH
Mettmanner Str. 25
Pvt. Ltd. D-40699 Erkrath, Germany
Design Centre & Manufacturing
Tel: + 49 (0) 211 92 44 123
Facility Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
D-1, Infocity, Phase - II E-mail: nicole.weber@bluecher.com
Sector-33, Gurgaon 122 001
Website: www.bluecher.com
India
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700
FILTER
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388
Skype ID: a2zfiltration MEDIA
E-mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com/
a2zfiltration@vsnl.net/ Blücher GmbH
info@a2zfiltration.com Mettmanner Str. 25
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com D-40699 Erkrath, Germany
A2Z offers automated lines/solutions Tel: + 49 (0) 211 92 44 123
that are flexible, fit for purpose and Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
cost effective for filter manufacturers. E-mail: nicole.weber@bluecher.com
Website: www.bluecher.com
EXPANDED & MICRO BWF Tec GmbH & Co. KG
EXPANDED METAL BWF Envirotec
Headquarters
Dexmet Corporation Bahnhofstrasse 20
22 Barnes Industrial Road South 89362 Offingen
Wallingford, CT 06492 Germany
USA Tel: + 49 82 24 71 0
Tel: +1 203 294 4440 Fax: + 49 82 24 71 21 44
Fax: +1203 294 7899 E-mail: info@bwf-envirotec.de
E-mail: sales@dexmet.com Website: www.bwf-envirotec.com
www.dexmet.com
Haver & Boecker OHG
Wire Weaving Division
Ennigerloher Strasse 64
D-59302 OELDE, Germany
Tel: + 49 (0)2522 300
Fax: + 49 (0)2522 30404
Email: dw@haverboecker.com
Website: www.weavingideas.com
Hollingsworth & Vose
112 Washington Street East
Walpole, MA 02032, USA
Tel: +1 508 850 2000
Fax: +1 508 668 3557
E-mail: info@hovo.com
Website: www.hollingsworth-vose.com
PGI France
ZI de la Blanche Maison
Avenue des Nations Unies
BP 109, 59270 Bailleul, France
Tel: +33 3 28 43 74 74
Fax: +33 3 28 43 74 72
E-mail: plouyj@pginw.com
Website: www.pgi-industrial-europe.
com
Advertisers’ Guide to Filtration & Separation Finder
By listing your Company in Product Finder you will benefit from many new leads.
The new format permits buyers of filters and ancillary products to make direct
contact with your sales force.
Please note that if a suitable heading is not listed we will create a new one
specifically for you.
Reader Guide to Filtration & Separation Finder
Designed as a directory the companies and their products listed here are
amongst the world’s leading manufacturers and suppliers.
To obtain further information simply call, fax, e-mail or visit their website.
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014
FILTER PLEATING LIQUID FILTER MEDIA
MACHINES Blücher GmbH
Mettmanner Str. 25
A2Z Filtration Specialities D-40699 Erkrath, Germany
Pvt. Ltd. Tel: + 49 (0) 211 92 44 123
Design Centre & Manufacturing Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
Facility E-mail: nicole.weber@bluecher.com
D-1, Infocity, Phase - II Website: www.bluecher.com
Sector-33, Gurgaon 122 001
India PGI France
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700 ZI de la Blanche Maison
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388 Avenue des Nations Unies
Skype ID: a2zfiltration BP 109, 59270 Bailleul, France
E-mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com/ Tel: +33 3 28 43 74 74
a2zfiltration@vsnl.net/ Fax: +33 3 28 43 74 72
info@a2zfiltration.com E-mail: plouyj@pginw.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com Website: www.pgi-industrial-europe.com
A variety of pleating equipment
including Servo Motor Driven Blade, MEMBRANES
Rotary, Star Pleaters and special
configuration pleating equipment. Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S.
Stavangervej 10
JCEM GmbH, Nakskov 4900, Denmark
headquarters Tel +45 70 204 900
Engineering & Manufacturing Fax +45 70 204 910
Industrie Allmend 274629 Fulenbach E-mail: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.
Switzerland com
Tel: +41 62 926 44 80 Website: www.alfalaval.com
Fax: +41 62 926 44 81
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic- Porex Filtration
Christakos 500 Bohannon Road
E-mail: vesna@jcem.ch Fairburn, GA 30213
Website: www.jcem.ch USA
Tel: +1 770 515 7700
JCEM USA Fax: +1 770 515 7799
Exclusive Distribution
E-mail: info@porexfiltration.com
11201 Ampere Court Website: www.porexfiltration.com
Louisville, KY 40299 Website: www.alfalaval.com
USA
Tel: +1 502 261 8222
Fax: +1 502 261 8225 MICROFIBER
Contact Person: Chris Lyons TECHNOLOGY
E-mail: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Website: www.jcemusa.com Eastman Chemical
Company
FILTER 200 South Wilcox Drive.
Kingsport
PRESSES TN 37660, USA
Contact: Kim Cloud
Arai Machinery
Tel: +1 800 327 8626
Corporation E-mail: microfibers@eastman.com
2-7-19 Okata Website: www.EastmanCyphrex.com
Atsugi-shi
Kanagawa-ken
243-0021 MICROFILTRATION
Japan
Tel: +81 (0) 46 227 0461 Alfa Laval
Fax: +81 (0) 46 227 0463 Nakskov A.S.
E-mail: arai@arai-machinery.co.jp Stravangervej 10
Website: www.arai-machinery.co.jp Nakskov, DK-4900, Denmark
Tel: +45 70 204 900
Fax: +45 70 204 910
E-mail: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.
com
Arai Machinery
Corporation
2-7-19 Okata
Atsugi-shi
Kanagawa-ken
243-0021
Japan
Tel: +81 (0) 46 227 0461
Fax: +81 (0) 46 227 0463
E-mail: arai@arai-machinery.co.jp
Website: www.arai-machinery.co.jp
 Product finder 47
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

NANOFILTRATION PRESSURE PLATE ROTARY, BLADE ROTARY VACUUM ULTRAFILTRATION

Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S. FILTERS PLEATERS AND FILTERS Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S.
Stravangervej 10
FILTER SPARES SERVICE OTHER SPMS Bokela GmbH Stravangervej 10
Nakskov, DK-4900, Denmark Nakskov DK-4900
Gottesauer Strasse 28
Tel: +45 70 204 900 by Infolabel AG JCEM GmbH, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
Denmark
Fax: +45 70 204 910 Grossrietstrasse 7 headquarters Tel: +45 70 204 900
Tel: +49 721 9 64 56 0
E-mail: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.com CH-8606 Nänikon Engineering & Manufacturing Fax: +45 70 204 910
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10
Website: www.alfalaval.com Switzerland Industrie Allmend 274629 Fulenbach E-mail: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.
E-mail: bokela@bokela.com
Tel: +41 44 730 44 34 Switzerland com
Website: www.bokela.com
PLEATING MACHINERY Fax: +41 44 730 46 28 Tel: +41 62 926 44 80 Website: www.alfalaval.com
E-mail: info@filterspares.ch Fax: +41 62 926 44 81
JCEM GmbH, Website: www.filterspares.ch Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic-
SEPARATION & WEDGE WIRE
Chemap filter systems and
headquarters specialist for Funda filter technology
Christakos VIBRATION SCREEN SCREENS & TUBES
Engineering & Manufacturing E-mail: vesna@jcem.ch
Chemap Filtration Haver & Boecker OHG
Industrie Allmend 274629 Fulenbach Website: www.jcem.ch Arai Machinery
Switzerland Wire Weaving Division
REVERSE JCEM USA Ennigerloher Strasse 64 Corporation
Tel: +41 62 926 44 80 Exclusive Distribution D-59302 OELDE, Germany 2-7-19 Okata
Fax: +41 62 926 44 81 OSMOSIS 11201 Ampere Court Tel: + 49 (0)2522 300 Atsugi-shi
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic- Louisville, KY 40299 Fax: + 49 (0)2522 30404 Kanagawa-ken
Christakos Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S. USA 243-0021
E-mail: vesna@jcem.ch Stravangervej 10 Email: dw@haverboecker.com
Tel: +1 502 261 8222 Website: www.weavingideas.com Japan
Website: www.jcem.ch Nakskov, DK-4900, Denmark
Fax: +1 502 261 8225 Tel: +81 (0) 46 227 0461
Tel: +45 70 204 900
JCEM USA Contact Person: Chris Lyons Fax: +81 (0) 46 227 0463
Fax: +45 70 204 910
E-mail: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com SEPARATORS E-mail: arai@arai-machinery.co.jp
Exclusive Distribution E-mail: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.com
11201 Ampere Court Website: www.alfalaval.com
Website: www.jcemusa.com CENTRIFUGAL Website: www.arai-machinery.co.jp
Louisville, KY 40299
USA ROTARY PRESSURE FILTER SPARES SERVICE WOVEN WIRE CLOTHS
Tel: +1 502 261 8222 by Infolabel AG
Fax: +1 502 261 8225 FILTERS Grossrietstrasse 7 Haver & Boecker OHG
Contact Person: Chris Lyons CH-8606 Nänikon Wire Weaving Division
E-mail: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Bokela GmbH Switzerland
Gottesauer Strasse 28 Ennigerloher Strasse 64
Website: www.jcemusa.com Tel: +41 44 730 44 34 D-59302 OELDE, Germany
Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany Fax: +41 44 730 46 28
Tel: +49 721 9 64 56 0 Tel: + 49 (0)2522 300
E-mail: info@filterspares.ch Fax: + 49 (0)2522 30404
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10 Website: www.filterspares.ch
E-mail: bokela@bokela.com Email: dw@haverboecker.com
Chemap filter systems and specialist Website: www.weavingideas.com
Website: www.bokela.com for Funda filter technology
Chemap Filtration

3LHKPUNÌ[OLÌ>VYSKÌVMÌ-PS[YH[PVUÌHUKÌ:LWHYH[PVU

www.filtsep.com
Leading the world of filtration
online
Changing with your needs...
Visit our new website:
Filtration+Separation has completely revamped
its website, improving its functionality and creating
www.workingwithwater.net
the online source of information for the global
filtration and separation communities.
The new website includes past features, extended
M Up-to-date news
versions of current articles and comment and M E-newsletter
more - all for free! M Regular webinars Worki
With ng
Find out about new ways of receiving information: M Events calendar
Wate
Inform
ati
for wa on and
ter ma soluti

● Podcasts
nage ons

r
ment

● Webinars
Volu

WWoitrking
me
2 Issu

7KHE
e2
2009

● RSS feeds Register and 5HEX LJGLIILF

LOGLQJ X
1HZ OW"
● The new online buyers’ guide
● New search tool
● Job Section
become a member
to have access to:
h
Water
Informati
on
for wate and solutions
r managem
2UOH
DQV
ent

Volume
2 Issue
1

so: Al
Reducingt



8
M Free exclusive content BUF
environmt

t



"

4$&UPSNS
JOGSBTUS

XBUF VDUVSF
J
impact enta


o S
ESBJOB O
$BMJGPS
l
TIPX
QSFWHF OJB

M Free special features JFX

Using
NPOJUPSJO Leadin

Sign up for the Enews now at filtsep.com

g the
www.f

program H

world
of filtrati
iltsep on
.com

mes www.w
orking
witt
Also:
hw#JPS
FNF
ater.ne
t EJBUJPO

technolo ww
t
*OGSB gy w.worl
NBOBHFN TUSVDUVSF

dpum

Register for regular issues of the magazine at filtsep.com

ps.co
FOU
o
QJQF m
t
$POUSPMMJ T
OH
PEPV
ST

RSS Feeds: sign up at filtsep.com Leading

www.filtse
p.com
the world
of filtration

www.worl
dpum ps.com

Online Buyers’ Guide: search or add your entry at filtsep.com

www.filtsep.com
3LHKPUNÌ[OLÌ>VYSKÌVMÌ-PS[YH[PVUÌHUKÌ:LWHYH[PVU HAVE YOU VISITED YET?
www.filtsep.com www.worldpumps.com
48 Advertisers’ index
Filtration+Separation January/February 2014

Advertisers’ Index
Advertiser Page
AFS Spring Conference 11

Camfil AB 9

EuroCarb 13

Franklin Adhesives & Polymers IFC

Global Water Summit

Hangzhou Anow Microfiltration Co Ltd

35

5
Visit our
IFTS

Index
15

31
website at
T&T Fluid Technology & engineering Co. Ltd.

WQA Aquatech
OBC

23
www.filtsep.com

Events
4-7 March 2014 15-17 April 2014 1-5 June 2014 1-2 October 2014
Zaragoza, Spain Beijing, China Singapore Berlin, Germany
Smagua – 21st International Water & China International Filtration Summit Singapore International Water Week Filtrex 2014
Irrigation Exhibition Contact: Yixuan Qian Contact: Singapore International Water Contact: Edana
Contact: Feria Zaragoza Tel: +86 10 648 20377 Week Tel: +32 2 734 9310
Tel: +34 976 764 700 E-mail: filtration@ttfluid.com Tel: +65 6731 3191 www.edana.org
Fax: +34 976 330 649 www.e-filtration.net E-mail: info@siww.com.sg
www.feriazaragoza.com/smagua.aspx www.siww.com.sg
23-24 April 2014
19-21 March 2014 Stockholm, Sweden 3-6 June 2014
Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia Fourth Dissemination Workshop of the Moscow, Russia
Asia Water 2014 Nano4Water Cluster ECWATECH 2014
Contact: Ms Airin Contact: Aji P Mathew, Assoc. Prof Contact: ECWATECH
Tel: +603 2176 8788 Tel: +46 703 580807 Tel: +7 495 225 5986
Fax: +34 2164 8786 E-mail: via website E-mail: info@ecwatech.ru
www.asiawater.org/ http://nanoselect.eu/ www.ecwatech.com/2014

1-4 April 2014 5-9 May 2014 29 June – 2 July 2014

Munich, Germany Munich Germany Toronto, Canada
Analytica 2014 IFAT 2014 ILSEPT - 2nd International Conference
Contact: Messegelande Contact: Messe München GmbH on Ionic Liquids in Separation and
Tel: +49 (89) 949 114 88 Tel: +49 89 949 11358 Purification Technology
Fax: +49 (89) 949 114 89 E-mail: info@ifat.de Contact: Elsevier
www.analytica.de/ www.ifat.de www.ilsept.com

7-8 April 2014 11-13 May 2014 21-26 September 2014

Paris, France Egypt Lisbon, Portugal
Global Water Summit Flowtech Egypt 2014 Exhibition IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition
Contact: Palexpo Contact: Sama Marketing Business 2014
Tel: +44 (0) 1865 208 054 Tel: +202 3303 5954 Contact:
www.watermeetsmoney.com E-mail: info@smbegypt.com Tel: +31 70 315 0792
www.smbegypt.com Fax; +31 70 347 70 05
8-11 April 2014 www.iwa2014lisbon.org
Geneva, Switzerland 20-22 May 2014
Shanghai, China 27 September-1 October 2014
INDEX 14 New Orleans, USA
Contact: Palexpo IE Expo (IFAT China)
Tel: +41 22 761 11 11 Contact: Lisa Oelze, Tanja Dettmann WEFTEC 2014
Fax: +41 22 798 01 00 Tel: +49 89 949 20294 Contact: Water Environment Federation
www.index14.ch E-mail: mail@ie-expo.de Tel: +1 800 666 0206
www.ie-expo.com/ www.wef.org

If you are organising an event concerning filtration, separation or related disciplines,

and would like to be included in this list, please send details to:
The Editor, Filtration+Separation, Elsevier Ltd,
Kidlington, OX5 1GB, UK.
Fax: +44 (0)1865 843971 or Email: fise@elsevier.com
 Sign up for

Visit: www.worldpumps.com
for your free issue now.

THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR PUMP USERS Number 529 October 2010 THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR PUMP USERS Number 530 November 2010 THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR PUMP USERS Number 534 March 2011

Alpine rescue:
Growing the Oiling the gears: Dewatering glaciers under
market: Mont Blanc
Underlying Pumps streamline
trends in biofuel production
Eastern
Europe

Also:








Also: Also:



,
%%&

$(&'"!&
t E-learning from the BPMA




 

overview of the last 10 years
t Dry-start vertical pumps
,

""&
'
 #'
"

with PTFE bearings
new building regulations
t Avoiding contamination in
,
"*
%)&'!
&!

food & drink and pharma
can improve efficiency
in liaison with in liaison with in liaison with

www.worldpumps.com www.worldpumps.com www.worldpumps.com