.~ .
~ -
,
\
.'
'.
FACE
The fa cial region of the skllll hangs like
a mask from beneath the small forward end
of the ovoid cran ium. There are 14 bones,
includ ing Ihe movable lower jaw. U nlike
bOlles of the casc-like cranium, these are
masl irregular in sha pe and serve as a scaf-
folding foc un in tr icate arrangement of
fac ial muscles and sense oegaos. Facial
bolles consist of: 2 zygomatics, 2Iacrima1s,
2 IUls(/15, 1 llomee, 2 nMal conc/¡;;e, 2 1ml ates,
2 I/!(lxillm, (/nd 1 mlllJ(l¡bllla. Except foe
the mandibula ( lower jaw ), they unite in
suture joints. The lacrimals, vomer, nasal
co nc hre, ancl pulule bones are of no struc-
tural importance and will be omitted hece.
The ZYCOMATJC nONES [C. z!Jgoma, yoke],
or cheekboncs, are promincnt angular pIates
thal fasten willg-like lo the upper jaw and
ereate a 'balcony' a boye the lower jaw.
T hree spurs are secn to leave t he plate for
separate destinations. One spur rises to the
zygomatic p rocess of the b row and gives
the orb it its oute r rim .~ Another darts
toward the nose a nd so contributes to the
lower r imo A third spur reaches baek to
12 'sha ke hands' w ith the forward-sp ringing
... ........ '"'' ,ti
,¡,_.; .........
\~'
arm of the te mporal bone. The slender zljgo-
matic arch thus formed, a span from check
to ear, suggests the bow of eyeglasses.~
The NASA L OONES [L. IUIS// S, !lose] p roject
from benea th the wedge between the orbi ts.
They a re Icss tllan a n ¡neh in length and
crcate a slant ing roof ( bridge) fo r the cav-
ity of the nosc.
The MAXILLIE [L. jawbones], wh ile they
constitute the chief body of the upper jaw
and give root to its teeth, also e nte r ¡nto the
fonnatio n of the cheeks laterally and the
wall of the nosc aboye. Eaeh maxilla sinks
inward be low the orbit, produeing the
cllnine fossa ( fill ed with cheek muscles).
1n front, the two maxi11re ¡oin a t the base
of the inve rted-heart-sha ped nasal cavity in
a pointed spur, the nasal spille. The dental
arch in which the upper tceth are socketed
is the margin of a bony plate, t he lillrd
l1alate (roof of the mOllth ).
The ;:'I ANO l 6 ULA [L. malldere, to chew]
is the lower jawhone. In its forward reach,
it underlies the max illre and is there called
,S¡''C Frontal bone, p. JO.
• ef. pp. 11, 16, 18.
the body. The lower teeth lake root in the
dental Mell, which traverses the upper bor-
der of the hody. A projection at the chin
is Ihe mental protubCrGlICe [L. melltum,
chin]. The melltal tuberdcs are smaJl lumps
at either side of the midline and give
squareness lo Ihe chin (said to be most dis-
l inct in males). Farther back at each side
of the jaw, a broad, thiu blade, Ihe f"amus,
springs upward from lh e body. The rear
'comer' oE the jaw, so produced, is caUed
Ihe angle of the mandíbula. The angle is
described by the lower border of Ihe body
and the real' border of Ihe ramus, and ap-
p roximales IZO degrees. T his appears as Ihe
angle of fouT o'dock 0 0 the right side, eight
o'clock on the left. 6 The I"amus p asses deep
lo the zygomatic arch.7 Therc jt divides in-
to a forward coronoid proeess (for attach-
ment of Ihe temporalis muscle of masti-
cation) and a rear condyloid process (for
articulation with Ihe skull ). The Iatter p roc-
ess enlers its socket in the temporal bone
at the front of the 'ear hole' ( hinge joint).
• Thc lower jaw is nearly horizontal at birth, its
anglc b(.'COming more acute as maturity is np-
pro,¡c1,cd.
'Cf. p. 16.
,
t
13
SKULL from in front

-'''''---- ''."''.'1 bone

Frontal .",,' "'",•• ____

Porietal.",'",, ", . ___ ,-- --;l--- - -T.,m,'''o'lline

Supe rci liary ",,,, _ __ ~~+-- T.mo.,.' 10..0

(brow ' ie/ gel

O r bit _ _ __ Z)'gomo!ic proe .. "

(01 fronlol bone)

Ca nin ....... _ __ C!~----"T"'"".'" bone

Romu. 01 m"",,,",,,. ':---1i

Angle 01 mo'"''b'"o _ __ _j ~1~~~~é':=:"t.~":.}-----IO.", dental o.eh

Me ntol p.oluberance _ _ _ _ - '

""..;.........'(:...- -- - M.,"lot 'I lubercle

14
SKULL from Ihe right side

Te mpO'alline _ __ _ _ _ _ _,

"_-- --'F,,.',,'bone

--, - - - - - F" ",I .minene.

, ,_ - - Temporal f oSl(>

/-'w", 0 1 Iphenold bon.

1-----.". ,.dlle
~:---- ~,~,:m':"i proc: ....
!ol f.on'ol bonel
O.bit
bone

Occi pital
r.f---¡- --C".".lo ..o

ill

O«lpilol . , •• --- - /

M,,.roid "~,, .. _ __ ---'

Áudilory ... alu. ,'" " ~".', -_---'

Condyloi d " ",,,, - - -- " /

Slyloid proc .. " _ _ _J

Angle 0 1 mondibulo

Co<onoid pro..., - - - - - ' Me"!", p.olub • • once

Mondib"'"

16
RELATION OF SKULL TO SURFACE FEATURES

- --,<,-h.",.1 "mine"""
--~--~i-- T.,"",,"II I ¡ne

".,."m.", (r", 1
(brow rid g e )

" N,,,.II bOlle

!'fi>' o ' eh
¡ i

Mo . IOi d .pin"
proc" •• - -'f't:

protub ero nce

"-- - Canopy 0 1 jow

Nucholl igoment ca ,'lla go

18
19
20
 r .... --- -
/
(
\ '/
(
""'~ (/i
i/
(.'/
¡

21