Drinking water in India is a major problem because either water has become scarce or

contaminated. In these days one challenge that we face at the society is to supply with safe
potable water amongst the mass around the globe.In India ,85 percent of it’s rural population
rely on groundwater.Groundwater quality is deteriorated by many natural elements such as
Arsenic, Iron, Nitrate, Fluoride amongst this Fluoride stands as Numero Uno amongst pollutants
of geo-genic origin. Exposure to potable water containing high fluoride can lead to dental,
skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. Ill-effects due to intake of potable water containing fluoride
has caused heavily to the people in 20 states of India. Presently, there are few defluoridation
techniques based on absorption on solid filter media, chemical precipitation ,chemical
separation,Nalagonda technique and coagulation; Physical separation mechanism for
defluoridation include Nano-filtration, electro-dialysis and reverse osmosis. Amongst the total
population of India, 83.3 crore dwell in rural parts. Providing safe potable water to such a huge
chunk of population is a herculean task. Most of the rural people rely on classical water sources
like ponds,open wells,streams etc. Most of these sources are contaminated with excess content
of physical/biological/chemical parameters. Providing safe drinking water to such a huge chunk
of human population is barely possible.Almost 3.77 crore Indians are prone to waterborne
disease of which 15 Lakh children have died of diahorrea.

But these days in rural areas most of the techniques have failed to reach owing to it’s high cost,
lack of availability of operators, undesirable taste of water and lack of knowledge regarding the
operation. Therefore, we need a technique that is affordable and simpleton which needs to be
accepted by users around the globe. Most of the techniques are not affordable by poor people
owing to it’s cost and due to load shedding. Most of the people in rural India rely on various
sources such as rivers,open well,lakes etc which are usually polluted.Water flowing through
pipe is not feasible throughout the country.The reason for this is due to financial and political
hinderance.Due to this ,lakhs of people are denied from accesing potable water.

In urban areas most of the people rely on bore wells,water tankers etc .Even if municipality
water facility is available ,it might get contaminated while passing from the source to the
household through pipeline due to lack of maintenance. Most of the people living in slum
consume the water directly without treating it.Bacterias,Viruses etc may be present in
water.Water is treated (i.e. heated)only for specific person in a family Ex:-Sick person and newly
born infants. Safe potable water should be provided every citizen in the country irrespective of
their financial position.

Water is an important resource for life to sustain on Earth .Due to rapid increase in population
throughout the country which lead to rapid industrialization, all of us are not able to obtain safe
drinking water .Due to lack of proper administration by the authority pertaining to it ,safe
drinking water is still a mirage. It might also remain the same in the utopian future. The amount
of contamination varies each season. All potable water must be free from all contaminants. In
modern days, water gets contaminated right from the source due to effluents from the
industry, agricultural runoff etc. The steps generally employed for treatment of water are
coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.

There are different methods employed for disinfection of water. But, most of them are not
feasible.

They include

 Initial filtration
 UV treatment
 Addition of Chlorine

Disadvantages pertaing to disinfection of water are

 They are costly

 Lack of training amongst labours regarding maintenance of reactions which is highly
carcinogenic

So in order to curb with the disadvantage due to disinfectants, we can employ the usage of
natural coagulants. Tulsi leaves (Ocmium sanctum) & Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) have the
capacity to purify water

Therefore solutions are needed so we make use of Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) and Neem
(Azadirachta Indica) which have anti-microbial property against many of the microorganisms
which leads to the death of people. These coagulants when employed can be helpful in
removing undesirable parameters. These coagulants are user friendly and economic.

The motivation behind this project is to provide low cost water purifiers using natural
coagulants like Neem leaf powder, Tulsi leaf powder, Charcoal and orange peel powder for poor
and rural people who do not have access to modern and sophisticated purifiers owing to the
challenges faced as discussed earlier.