Vhannieza Marie C.

Miranda Korean Basic Learning 한국어 기본 학습

hangug-eo gibon hagseub

KOREAN ALPHABET CHARACTERS

한국어 알파벳 문자
hangug-eo alpabes munja

CONSONANT VOWELS
ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ
g,k n d,t r,l m a ya eo yeo o yo
(father) (home
)
ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄱㄱ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ
k t p h kk u yu eu i ae yae
(moon) (put) (meet) (hand)
ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ  ㅙ ㅚ
b,p s (-) “ng“ j ch e ye wa wae oe
Silent in (set) (wet)
Initial
Position
ㄷ ㅂㅂ ㅆ ㅉ ㅟ ㅞ ㅢ ㅝ
ㄷ
Tt pp ss jj wo we wi ui

Learn Korean for Beginners!

HANGUL LANGUAGE

The first step in learning Korean is to learn Hangul. Hangul is the name of

the Korean alphabet. Before we begin to learn Hangul, let me remind you to set your browser to properly view Korean.
Otherwise, all you will see is jibberish. If you scroll down and you see jibberish instead of Korean, please right-click now
and go to encoding - Korean. Or, if you need to, refer to the Set-Up Hangul Page.
Learning the Korean Alphabet, Hangul , is a lot easier than trying to learn Romanization of Korean. Throughout your
studies, you will run into many resources that will only publish Romanization though. I highly recommend you learn to read
Hangul first, as it will be most useful to you. Then later, you should learn Romanization so that you can read the
Romanization in those resources and know how to spell it properly in Hangul . Also, many Korean speakers will use
Romanization on programs like AOL Instant Messenger, that do not support the Korean alphabet (If you are looking for
programs that DO let you use the alphabet, I highly recommend MSN Messenger).

First, a few basics on Hangul (Don't worry! You will be reading in Hangul perfectly extremely soon!). Hangul is an
alphabet, just like the Roman alphabet English speakers use. The only two differences are Hangul blocks syllables, and
there are no lowercase or capitalize letters in Hangul. The letter is always written the same, no matter when it is used.

Characters will be stacked into squares to form each syllable. For example ㅎ, ㅏ, and ㄴ are three separate characters.
But, as they would form one syllable, they would be written 한 instead of ㅎ ㅏ ㄴ.
ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ= 한

want another example?

ㄱ+ㅡ+ㄹ=글

We then combine syllables to form words, just as we do in English.

한 + 글 = 한글

Recognize that word? That's right! It's Hangul . It consists of han (한) and gul (글). Two syllables. Six characters. As you
begin to learn all the different characters, you will see how to construct the syllables properly depending on which
character you are using. Just keep this one thing in mind. Every Korean word, syllable, anything...begins with a
consonant. A vowel will always follow it, either positioned to the right of it, or below it. With each vowel, I will tell you where
it should be positioned. Also, there will be 2,3, or rarely 4 characters in a syllable. 한 is one way of stacking, having the
vowel to the right of the first consonant, with the third character under those two. 글 is the other main way of stacking,
where the vowel falls below the first consonant, with the third character below the second. A third character will always fall
on the bottom. You will never have three characters in a row on the top. I cannot even type an example for you to see, it
just can't be done. Below is a table of the characters you will see.

ㅏ ㅓ ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ

ㅣ ㅔ ㅐ ㅑ ㅕ

ㅝ ㅘ ㅞ ㅙ ㅟ

ㅢ ㅛ ㅠ ㅖ ㅒ

ㅂ ㅈ ㄷ ㄱ ㅅ

ㅁ ㄴ ㅇ ㄹ ㅎ

ㅋ ㅌ ㅊ ㅍ

Learn Hangul – 한글

For now, I think it's time to begin! Why not start with the characters that make up Hangul .
The first character is
ㅎ
It has a couple variations. Generally, it is like an "h" sound. If it is at the beginning of a word, it will sound like an "h". There
will be more on this one in Lesson 2. Next comes...
ㅏ
This is a vowel, and it is an "a" sound, as in father. It pretty much never varies and always has the same sound. Quite a
simple character. This vowel will always be placed to the right of the first consonant. It does not fall below the consonant.
ㄴ
is a character that usually sounds like an "n". It only has one irregular form, which is in Lesson 2.
So far, we have a "h" sound, an "a" sound, and a "n" sound. Or, we have ㅎ, ㅏ, and ㄴ. Together, these form the first half
of Hangul, 한.
Now let's break down the second syllable.
ㄱ
This is a light "g" or "k" sound. Don't push the air too hard or try and make this sound too heavy, it is a light sound. Don't
emphasize the character. Especially at the end of a word, this character is very light. At the end of a word, it is almost as if
you don't say the character.
ㅡ
This a little harder to explain. I think the best way to say it is, it sounds like the "oo" part in "good".
Let me phrase this another way...
It is like a short 'u', said in the back of the mouth. It is almost like a grunt! Be sure you don't  actually grunt though when
you say it :)
This vowel will always be placed below the first consonant. It does not fall to the right of the consonant.
ㄹ
This character might be the most complicated character you run into! But I'll be honest, you will have it down along with all
the other characters before the week is over! Think of it as either a light "l" sound, or a rolling "r" sound, depending on
where it is. If it falls between two vowels, it will most likely be a rolling "r" sound. If it is at the end of a syllable, it will
usually be a light "l" sound. It does not come at the beginning of a syllable of any Korean word, but will be used at the
beginning for borrowed words, like loanwords. If that is the case, treat it as it needs to be in order to say the loanword
properly. This character is covered very well in Elementary Korean.

Learn Hangul - Common Characters

So, you feel like you are beginning to see how Korean and Hangul are? Are you ready for more?
ㅂ
This is a common character. It will have a light "b" or "p" sound. 바 pa 밥 bap. 반 ban. At the end of a word, it will have a
very light, almost unheard sound.
ㅁ
This is a very easy character. It sounds just like an "m" sound. As simple as that. What do you think 마 would sound like?
If you said ma, that's right!
ㅇ
I think you are ready for a very commonly used character. It has two sounds. One sound, is no sound! It makes no sound
at all when it is the first consonant in the syllable. It is as simple as that. It is more like a place holder since all Korean
syllables must start with a consonant. When it falls at the end of a syllable, it sounds like a light "ng" sound in "running". It
is that ng sound in the back of your throat, but do not emphasis the "g" part of it. So the two sounds? No sound at the
beginning of a syllable, "ng" sound at the end. Simple.
Let's learn two more, and then have a little practice.
ㅓ
This is an "o" sound. It is hard to explain, but try this. Say the letter O. Make it really really long and say it slow. Notice
where your mouth starts to close in? This sound is the sound before that. The beginning of the O sound.
Let's look at this in a different way...
Shape your mouth as if you were to say the 'o' in 'go'. Now make a sound like aw, as in awe, pawl, bawl, and law.
This vowel will always be placed to the right of the first consonant, never underneath.
ㅗ
This is another "o" sound. They sound very similar. The best I can do is say this may be more like the other side of saying
O, as with the experiment before. The part toward the end in O is more like this.
Or, think of it this way. ㅗ is like the 'o' in go, row, bow, and low.
They are very similar. Some people will be able to hear the difference if they have a good ear. Many non native speakers
have the problem hearing the difference though at first.
So, for those who cannot hear the difference, When spelling and learning Korean, try to think of these are learning to
spell. In English you can't always know how to spell a word, you must learn it properly. It is the same way in Korean.
When words with an O sound comes up, just learn how it is spelled and leave it at that because they sound so similar.
ㅜ
This one is easy. it is the "ou" part in you. Simple as that. "oo" in boot. This vowel always falls below the first consonant,
never to the right. *Notice a pattern with placement of vowels? One vowel consisting of a horizontal line will be placed
underneath the consonant, while vowels consisting of a vertical line will be placed to the right. Don't believe me? Go back
and check!*
ㅣ
This character is easy as well. It is the "ee" sound in meet. An example using it would be 미. That sounds just like saying
"me" in English. You can guess where it is placed...Go ahead and try! This vowel is placed to the right of the first
consonant, never underneath.
ㅐ
This vowel sounds like ea in bear. The vowels are all easy if you just memorize them, and do not ever sound irregular
(When could they?!?). This vowel always appears to the right of the first consonant, never underneath .
ㅔ
This one is pretty similar to the one above. It sounds like the e in yes. The e in met. This vowel always appears to the right
of the first consonant, never underneath.

Learn Hangul - More On Vowels

You have now covered all the basic vowels. There are two more things you can learn about vowels, and then you know all
vowels and everything about them. And these next two things are simple.
You will see vowels like ㅠ, ㅑ,ㅛ,ㅕ,ㅖ ,ㅒ etc. Notice how instead of one short line, there are two? This means that
before the vowel sound, there is a y like sound. I will give two examples.
ㅠ
This sounds like saying "you" in English.
ㅑ
This sounds like saying Ya in English. All the teenagers should know it from the song Hey Ya! by Outkast. It played all the
time.
All other vowels follow the same pattern.
Next, you will see vowels combined to form a new vowel sound, such as ㅘ, ㅝ, ㅢ, ㅟ. You just run the vowels together
into one sound. The vowel on the left (long horizontal line) comes first. Here are a couple examples.
ㅘ
This sounds like wa in water.
ㅟ
This sounds just like the French oui. It is more or less like wee.
ㅢ

Learn Hangul - More Consonants

ㅅ
This is a consonant that sounds like an s in English. It is a very light s and isn't stressed or anything. Also, before the
Korean vowel ㅣ, like 시, it is usually pronounced like an sh, or for this example, shee. At the end of a word or before a
syllable that begins with a vowel or consonant other than ㅅ, it ends with a light d sound. You will find many consonants
sound like a light d sound if they are at the end of a word.
ㄷ

Speaking of light d sounds, here it is. This is a light d or t sound. 맏 sounds like mat, with a very light t sound at the end.
So does 맛 however. See what I mean by ㅅ sounding like a light d sound at the end? 맛 is not mas. It is mat.
ㅈ
This is a light j sound in between vowels. At the beginning of the word, it is often heard as a "ch" sound instead. At the end
of a word, it sounds just like an ㅅ and a ㄷ.
Learn Hangul - Aspirated Consonants
Here are the final four! These four are aspirated sounds. If you don't know what that means, they basically are said with
more of a puff of air. Also, try to see if you can catch something in common with all of these in relationship to their similar
consonant sounds.
ㅋ
this is like kha. It is similar to the ㄱ sound, except is said with more air. More towards a K sound.
ㅌ
This is a t sound, much like ㄷ, except said with more air to it!
ㅊ
This is a cha sound. Always. It is similar to the ㅈ sound, except said with more air to it. Always a cha sound, never a j
sound ( ㅈ sounds like a j between vowels,ㅊ sounds like a cha between vowels.)
ㅍ
This is the last consonant, and last character you will learn in Hangul! It has an airy P sound to it. Similar to ㅂ but with
more air.
Did you catch what is in common in them all? They all look very similar to the other consonants that sound similar! The
only thing is, each contains an extra little line somewhere. The only one that doesn't fit perfectly with this is ㅍ and ㅂ.
Look at them and compare them.
ㅊ-ㅈ
ㅌ-ㄷ
ㅋ-ㄱ
ㅍ-ㅂ
If you are lucky enough to own Rosetta Stone Korean Level 1 then you will easily be able to hear the differences between
the similar characters. It is often difficult at first but eventually you will be able to hear the subtle differences.
 impolite
41 마흔 Basic한Vocabulary Words
무례한 maheun
mulyehan han because 때문에 ttaemun-e
42
ENGLISH
painful 마흔 둘HANGUL
괴로운 LETTERS maheun
geoloun dul
KOREAN become 지다 jida
Hi. bored
43 Daily 안녕하세요
Days
마흔 세 매일 maeil / annyeonghaseyo
Weeks
maheun 주
Jiluhanjuse I naneun
지루한 나는
today
Hello.44
tired 마흔 오늘
여보세요네 oneul
yeoboseyo
maheun
pigonhan ne am ojeon
Counting Numbers 피곤한숫자 계산 susja gyesan 오전
tomorrow
45
sensitive 사십 내일 오 annyeonghi
tomo
sasib o
mingamhan you dangsin
Goodbye!
0 제로 안녕히 민감한 가세요
jelo 당신
yesterday 어제 gaseyo
oeje
1 46 하나 마흔 여섯
beautiful 아름다운 hana maheun aleumdaunyeoseos was 였다 yeossda
Yes
tonight 예
오늘밤 ye
oneul bam
2 delighted
47 두 마흔 일곱 기뻐 du gippeoiglob
maheun were 했다 haessda
No 아니 ani
morning
3 amazed
48 세 마흔 아침 놀란 se
여덟 a nollan
maheunchim yeodeolb we / us 우리 uli
Please 부디 budi
4 hate
evening
49 네 사십구 저녁 미움 ne mium
jeonyeog
sasibgu are 아르 aleu
Thank you! 감사합니다 gamsahabnida
5 scared
sunday50 일요일 깜짝 놀란 daseososib Kkamjjag nollan
il-yoil
Welcome다섯 오십 환영 hwan-yeong as 같이 gat-i
lier
monday
6 51 육 쉰한 월요일 거짓말yug 쟁이 swinhan geojismal jaeng-i
wol-yoil in / to e
Excuse me 실례합니다 sillyehabnida 에
7 nice
tuesday
52 일곱 쉰두 화요일 좋은 iglob swindu joh-eun
hwayoil
Goodmornin or 또는 ttoneun
8 pretty
wednesday 여덟 좋은
수요일 예쁜 아침! yeodeolb joh-eun
sam achim!
yeppeun
suyoil
g! 53 오십 삼 osib on 의 위에 ui wie
9
thursday
quit 아홉 목요일 ahob mog-yoil
aju
Goodevening
54 쉰네 아주 sib swinne
joh-eun jeonyeog! an 과 gwa
10
friday 십 좋은저녁! geum-yoil
! attentive
55 열한 오십 금요일 친절한
오
chinjeolhan
osib o
11 yeolhan the 그만큼 geumankeum
saturday
Arecryyou 토요일 울음 소리 swin toyoil
ul-eum soli
12 56 열 쉰 괜찮아?
두번째 여섯 yeol dubeonjjaeyeoseos
gwaenchanh-a there 그곳에 geugos-e
midnight
alright?
laugh 한밤중 웃음 hanbamjung
us-eum
13 57 열셋 쉰 일곱 yeolsesswin Jeon
iglob their 그들의 geudeul-ui
lunch
I’m sleepy
Fine. 점심 졸리는 jeomsim
jollineun
14 58 십사 쉰 전 여덟 괜찮아요. sibsa swin yeodeolb
gwaenchanh-ayo this 이 i
dinner
Thanks 공식
감사 만찬yeol daseos gongsig manchan
15 59 열 다섯쉰 아홉 swin ahob
gamsa!
afternoon
Family열Memebers대낮가족 구성원 daenaj
gajog guseong-won that / those 그 gue
16
How are 여섯 yeol yeoseos
60
breakfast 육십 yugsib then 그때 Geurttae
17 family
you?61 십칠 예순
아침밥
어떻게 가족 지내 sibchil achimbab
eotteohge
gajog jinae
18 father십팔 하나 yesunabeojihana did 했어 haess-eo
Sorry 아버지sibpal jeosonghabnida
죄송합니다
62 십구 예순 둘
19 mother
What? 뭐? 어머니sibgu yesun dul
eomeoni
mwo? does 베풀다 anhseubnida
63 이십 예순 세
20 grandfather Month 달
isib dal yesun se
hal-beoji ever ijekkaji
Who? 누구? 할아버지 nugu? 이제까지
january
21 grandmother
64 이십 예순 일일월 넷 isib il il-wol
yesun nes
Where? 어디 할머니 hal-meoni
eodi? our 우리의 uliui
february
22 65 스물 둘 이월 seumul iwol
dul
yesun daseos
grandparents
When? 예순 다섯 조부모isib sam jobumo
eonji? his 그의 geuui
march 이십 삼언제
23 행진 haengjin
Which?66
grandchildren
육십 육 손자 seumulyugsib sonjayug
oeneu? Has 있다 issda
24
april 스물 넷어느? 사월 nes
4 wol
Withbrother
67 이십오 예순 일곱
동료 yesundonglyo
iglob
25
may 할수있다 isib-o wa
와 hal su-issda Here / have 여기 yeogi
Did
26 sister
68 이십 예순 육했어 여자 형제
여덟 isib yugyesun yeoja
haess-eo hyeongje
yeodeolb had haessda
june 유월 yuwol 했다
27
Did son 아들 seumulyesun adeul
iglob
july 69
not 스물 예순 일곱하지
칠월 아홉 않았다 haji anh-assda
chil-wolahob gave 준 jun
28 daughter
Should70 스물 여덟
칠십 할까요 딸 seumul yeodeolb
ttal
halkkayo
chilsib
august 팔월 pal-wol give 주기 jugi
29 uncle 이십
71 not 일흔 구 삼촌 isib gu samchon
haeseoneun
ilheun
september
Should 구월 하나 guwolhana take gajda
30 aunt 서른 해서는 이모
안된다
seoleun andoenda
imo dul
갖다
72
october 일흔 둘 ilheun
sib-wol
31 nephew
Could 삼십일 십월 할 조카 수 있었다 samsib-il hal su iss-eossda
joka
make 하다 hada
november
32 73 삼십이 일흔세십일월 samsib-i sib-il-wol
ilheun se made 만든 mandeum
niece 조카딸 hal su eobs-
jokattal
Could
december
33 not
74 삼십 일흔 할네
삼십이월 수 없었다 samsibilheun12
sam wolne
eossda think 생각한다 saeng-gaghanda
baby
34 75 서른 칠십 아가 seoleunchilsibaga
nes o han jjog
Either 오한 쪽 eoneu
35 friend삼십 오어느 친구 samsib-o chingu thank 감사 gamsa
76
Neither 일흔 둘 여섯 다 ilheun
dul dayeoseos put nohda
36 Emotion 감정 / Feeling
gamjeongseoleun 감각 gamgag
yeoseos 놓다
by 77 서른 일흔 여섯
으로 일곱 eulo
ilheun iglob and gwa
love
37 사랑 salang
seoleun iglob 과
for 78 서른 일흔 일곱
...에 대한
여덟 seoleunilheun …e daehan
yeodeolb
38
worried 서른 여덟 걱정 yeodeolb
geogjeong can 양철통 hal-su-issda
do 79 하다 hada
ilheun
angry 서른 일흔
39 아홉성난 아홉 seoleun seongnanahobahob come 왔다 wassda
not 아니 ani
sad 80 사십 여든
40 슬퍼 sasib yeodeun
seulpeo if 만약 man-yag
don’t 하지마 hajima
embraced 포옹 poong it 그것 geugeos
became 되었다 doeeossda
afraid 두려워 dulyeowo of 의 ui
kind 종류 jonglyu
happy 행복 haengbog
81 여든 한 yeodeun han Profession 직업 jig-eob
82 여든 둘 yeodeun dul doctor 박사님 bagsanim
83 팔십 삼 palsib sam lawyer 변호사 byeonhosa
84 여든 넷 yeodeun nes dentist 치과 의사 chigwa uisa
85 여든 다섯 yeodeun daseos nurse 간호사 ganhosa
86 여든 여섯 yeodeun yeoseos writer 작가 jagga
Korean Basic Vocabulary Colors
87 팔십 칠 palsib chil banker 은행가 eunhaeng-ga
colors
88 여든 여덟 색상 yeodeunsaek sang
yeodeolb secretary 비서 biseo
Red
89 여든 아홉 빨강 yeodeunppal ahobgang engineer 공학자 gonghagja
Orange
90 구십 오렌지 gusib o ren ji farmer 농장주 nongjangju
91
Yellow 아흔 하나 노랑 aheun hana no rang carpenter 목수 mogsu
92
Green 구십이 gusib-i cho rok
초록 architect 건축가 geonchugga
93 구십 삼 gusib sam
Blue 보라 pa rang upyeon
94 구십 사 gusib sa postman 우편 집배원
Purple 보라 bo ra jibbaewon
95 아흔 다섯 aheun daseos
Brown gal saek pilot 조종사 jojongsa
96 구 십육갈색 gusib-yug
gray teacher 선생님 seonsaengnim
97 구십 칠회색 gusib chilhoe saek
white
98 하얀/흰색aheun yeodeolb ha yan huin saek cook 쿡 kug
아흔 여덟
99 구십 구 gusib gu mechanic 정비공 jeongbigong
100 백 baeg bartender 바텐더 batendeo
Korean Basic Vocabulary Size singer 가수 gasu
1000 천 cheon
sizes 크기 keu gi chumchuneun
1M 백만 baegman dancer 춤추는 사람
big
1B 큰 10 eog keun salam
Empty 10 억 깊은
Deep 비어있는/빈 gipbieun
eo it neun bin artist 예술가 yesulga
1T 1 조 1 jo
Expensive
long 긴(가격이) 비싼 gin gyeong i biga actor 배우 baeu
narrow 폭이 좁은 pogssani job eun painter 화가 hwaga
fast
short 빨리 ppal
jjalb eun li
짧은 president 대통령 daetonglyeong
foreign
Tall 외국의 ki ga keunui
oe gug
키가 큰 prosecutor 수행자 suhaengja
full
thick Country 국가 guga
duGa kkeo deukun han
두꺼운
가득한/완전한 police 경찰 gyeongchal
China 중국 jung-gug wan jeon han
thin 넓은 yalb eun student 학생 hagsaeng
heavy
Japan 일본무거운 ilbon mu geo un
wide 넓은 neolb eun
canada 값싼/바싸지
캐나다 kaenada gapt ssan ba
inexpensive 작은
Small jagssaeunji anh eun Place 장소 jangso
korea 않은
대한민국 daehanmingug
house 집 jib
america ga byeo un balg
light 미국가벼운/밝은migugeun school 학교 haggyo
australia 호주Taste 맛 mat hoju
ji yeog ui hyeon church 교회 gyohoee
mexico
local
Bitter 멕시코
쓴 지역의/현지의 megsiko
sseun
ji ui police station 경찰서 gyeongchalseo
italy
Fresh 이탈리아
신선한 itallia
sinseonhan
new 새로운 sae ro un beoseu
russia
Salty 러시아 leosia bus station 버스 정류장
noisy 짠 시끄러운 jjan
si kkeu reo un jeonglyunjag
Sour
philippines
필리핀
신(시큼한) 제 sinsikeumhan
pillipinojedo
rae doen neulg train station 기차역 gichayeog
old
Spicy 도오래된/늙은 mae Syoping
매운 eunun mall
france 프랑스 peulangseu 쇼핑 센터 senteo
sweet
powerful 달콤한
강한 dalkomhan
gang han
quietarabia
saudi
사우디
조용한 아 Saudi jo yong han
alabia park 공원 gong-won
correct 라비아
올바른 ol ba reun island 섬 seom
thailand
slow 태국특성 - teuk
Qualities taegug
seong
neu rin cheon beach 바닷가 badasga
malaysia
Bad 나쁜느린/천천히
말레이시아 mallesia
na ppeunhi
cheon mountain 산 san
germany
Clean
soft 독일
깨끗한
부드러운 dog-il bu deu
kkae kkeutreo un
han restuarant 레스토랑 leseutolang
Dark
very 어두운
매우/아주 eo mae
du u
un a ju market 시장 sijang
Difficult
weak 어려운
약한 eoyakryeo han un
dirty
wet 더러운
젖은 deojeojreoeun un
dry
wrong 건조한
잘못된 geon
jal mot
jo handoen
Easy
young 쉬운어린/젊은 swieounrin jeolm eun
Learning Grammar 문법 학습 munbeob hagseub

 Hi. Goodmorning 안녕하세요. 좋은 아침 annyeonghaseyo. joh-eun achim

 How are you? 어떻게 지내 eotteohge jinae

 I’m fine 전 괜찮아요 jeon gwaenchanh-ayo

 What is your name? 당신의 이름은 무엇입니까? dangsin-ui ileum-eun mueos-ibnikka?

 I am ( your name ). 나는 ( name ) 입니다 naneun (your name) ibnida.

 Where do you from? 넌 어디서 왔니? neon eodiseo wassni?

 I come from Philippines. 나는 필리핀에서 왔습니다 naneun pillipin-eseo wassseubnida