MATHEMATICS

k is a positive integer and 225 and 216 are both divisors of k . If k = 2 a

x 3b x 5c, where a , b and c are positive integers, what is the least
possible value of a + b + c?
8

The average age of the 40 members of a Math Club is 17 years. There

are 20 girls, 15 boys, and 5 adults. If the average age of the girls is 15
and the average age of the boys is 16, what is the average age of the
adults?
28

The average age of 5 people in a room is 30 years. An 18year-old person

leaves the room. What is the average age of the four remaining people?
33
The 18-year-old is 12 years younger than 30, so the four remaining
people are an average of 12/4 = 3years older than 30

The base of isosceles ABC is 24 and its area is 60. What is the length
of one of the congruent sides?
13

The product of the two 99-digit numbers 303,030,303,...,030,303 and

505,050,505,...,050,505 has thousands digit A and units digit B. What is
the sum of A and B?
8
A=3 B=5

Two cards are dealt from a deck of four red cards labeled A,B,C,D and
four green cards labeled A,B,C,D. A winning pair is two of the same
color or two of the same letter. What is the probability of drawing a
winning pair?
4/7

A rectangular garden 50 feet long and 10 feet wide is enclosed by a

fence. To make the garden larger, while using the same fence, its shape
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is changed to a square. By how many square feet does this enlarge the
garden?
400

Let A be the least positive integer whose digits add to 2013. Compute
the sum of the digits of A + 1.
7
If N is the smallest positive integer whose digits add to 2013, it will
have the smallest possible number of digits among numbers whose
digits add to 2013. So we write as many 9's as possible in the number.
Note that 2013 = 9 x 223 + 6, so N = 6999 . . . 999, where A has 223
copies of 9. Thus, A + 1 = 7000 . . . 000, and the sum of
the digits is 7.

There are k members of the set {21, 22, 23, . . . 2100} that have a ones
digit of 6 when written in base-ten notation. Compute k.
25
Powers of 2 have ones digits that repeat in cycles: 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, _ _ _ .
The
least power of 2 with a ones digit of 6 is 2^4, and the greatest power
of 2 with a ones digit of 6 is 2^100, so there are 25 of them.

Find the number of three digit divisors of 3600.

15
1+5+9

Let N = 695 + 5 · 694 + 10 · 693 + 10 · 692 + 5 · 69 + 1.

How many positive integers are factors of N?
216

How many of the positive integer divisors of N = 23 · 33 · 53 · 73 · 113

have exactly 12 positive integer divisors?
50
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Having exactly 6 divisors means that the number N is of the form p5 or

p2 q where p and q are different prime numbers. Only 25 = 32 and 35=
243 are of the first type. If p = 2, then q could be any prime in the range
3, 5, . . . 97 of which there are 24 primes. If p = 3, then q could be 2 or
any prime in the range 5, . . . 43 and there are 13 of these. If p = 5, then
q could be 2 or 3 or any prime in the range 7, . . . 13. If p = 7 then q = 2,
3, or 5. There are two values of q for p = 11 and one value of q for p =
13. Tally these to get 2 +24 +13 +5 +3 +2 +1 = 50.

The product of four distinct positive integers, a, b, c, and d is 8!. The

numbers also satisfy
ab + a + b = 391
bc + b + c = 199.
What is d?
D=5
a = 48 and b = 7. This implies that c + 1 = 200/(b + 1) = 25 and c = 24.
Finally, d = 5. Thus, a = 48, b = 7, c = 24 and d = 5.

Each number in the set {5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 20, 21, 25, 29} was obtained
by adding two number from the set {a, b, c, d, e} where a < b < c < d < e.
What is the value of c?
c = 7.
The sum of all 10 numbers is 4 times the sum a + b + c + d + e. Why?
Now a + b = 5 and d + e = 29, so c = (164 ÷ 4) - 29 - 5 = 41 - 34 = 7

How many positive integers less than 2011 cannot be expressed as the
difference of the squares of two positive integers?
The answer is 505.
If n = a2-b2 = (a-b)(a+b), then a-b and a +b have the same parity, so n is
either odd or a multiple of 4. So we want to count all the numbers of
the form 4k + 1, k = 0, 1, . . . , 502 together with two values 2 and 4,
for a total of 505.

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Let N be a positive integer with divisor set D(N). Let d be randomly

selected from D(N). Suppose P(d 8) = 3/17. What is the remainder
when N is divided by 1000?
608

The number N is the product of two primes. The sum of the positive
divisors of N that are less than N is 2014. Find N.
4022.
Let p and q be prime numbers so that N = pq. The positive integer
divisors of N are 1, p, and q, so 2014 = 1+p+q and p + q = 2013. Clearly,
one of the primes must be even and, thus, must be 2. The two primes
are 2 and 2011, so N = 2 · 2011 = 4022

The number 6 can be written in two ways as the sum of consecutive

positive integers: 6 = 6 and 6 = 1 + 2 + 3. The number 7 can also be
written in two ways, but 8 can be written in only one way. How
many ways can the number 5005 be written as a sum of consecutive
positive integers?
The answer is 16 ways, one for each divisor of 5005. To establish a
result like this, we should start with smaller numbers so we can see
what’s happening. Let N = 3 · 5 = 15. There are four divisors and four
sums. for each divisor, build a sum having that divisor as the middle
(mean) number. So for 1, we have 15 numbers with an average
value of 1: -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, then remove the
negative numbers and their positive counterparts to get just the two
term sum 7 +8 = 15. We can do this for each of the four factors, 1,3,5,
and 15.

The integer N has both 12 and 15 as divisors. Also, N has exactly 16

divisors. What is N?
120

How many multiples of 30 have exactly 3 prime factors and exactly 60

factors.
21
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The number 123454321 is written on a blackboard. Irish walks by and

erases some (but not all) of the digits, and notices that the resulting
number (when spaces are removed) is divisible by 9. What is the
fewest number of digits she could have erased?
2
The sum of the digits needs to be divisible by 9, so we need to remove 7
at minimum. Since there is no 7, we can remove a 2 and a 5 or a 3 and
a 4: 2 digits.

Circle S1 has radius 5. Circle S2 has radius 7 and has its center lying on
S1. Circle S3 has an integer radius and has its center lying on S2. If the
center of S1 lies on S3, how many possible values are there for the
radius of S3?
11

How many ways are there to choose (not necessarily distinct) integers
a, b, c from the set {1, 2, 3, 4} such that ab^c is divisible by 4?
28

Let A, B, and C be distinct points on a line with AB = AC = 1. Square

ABDE and equilateral triangle ACF are drawn on the same side of line
BC. What is the degree measure of the acute angle formed by lines EC
and BF?
75

What is the sum of the digits of the square of 123454321?

67

Let w, x, y, and z be real numbers with |w - x| = 2, |x - y| = 3, and |y - z| =

4. What is the sum of all possible values of |w - z|?
18

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Two cubical dice each have removable numbers 1 through 6. The

twelve numbers on the two dice are removed, put into a bag, then
drawn one at a time and randomly reattached to the faces of the cubes,
one number to each face. The dice are then rolled and the numbers on
the two top faces are added. What is the probability that the sum is 7?
2/11

Three distinct vertices of a cube are chosen at random. What is the

probability that the plane determined by these three vertices contains
points inside the cube?
4/7

For k > 0, let Ik = 10 . . . 064, where there are k zeros between the 1
and the 6. Let N(k) be the number of factors of 2 in the prime
factorization of Ik. What is the maximum value of N(k)?
7

How many 7 digit palindromes (numbers that read the same backward
as forward) can be formed using the digits 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5 ?

Find a and b such that

A0 + a1 + a2 = 31 = b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 + b4 .
Thus, 31 can be written in two ways as the sum of at least three
successive powers beginning with exponent zero. The only other
number known to share this property is 8191. Find the two ways to
write 8191.
a = 5; b = 2

For what values of x is the expression log8(log8(log8 x)) defined?

(8, infinity)

Sean is playing a board game that requires him to use both the sum
and the product of the upper faces on three standard dice. He needs a
sum of at least 6 on his next toss to move his token. If the sum of the

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upper faces is exactly 6, what is the probability that the product is

also 6?
3/5

The operation ® is defined on ordered pairs of numbers in the

following way: (a, b)®(c, d) = (ac + bd, ad + bc). If (a, b)®(m, n) = (a + b,
a + b), what is (m, n)?
(1, 1)

Let **Y be defined for all Y by the equation **Y = 3Y +1. For example,
**6 will equal 3(6) + 1, which is 19. If (**3) – (**Y) = Y, what is Y?
2¼

What is the remainder when 256256 is divided by 10?

6

A certain basketball, after being dropped, will bounce ¾ of its previous

height. If the height after the 4th bounce is 2 1/4 feet, what was the
height after the 1st bounce?
5 1/3

If A/B = 2/3 and B/C = 2/5 and if A + B + C = 100, then what is A?

16

Given the set of integers that are greater than 0 and less than 100, how
many of the integers are multiples of both 2 and 5?
9

The lengths of the edges of a rectangular solid are all whole numbers.
If the volume of the solid is 13 cubic centimeters, what is the total
surface area in square centimeters?
54
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The height of triangle ABC is 80% of the width of rectangle RSTQ. The
base of triangle ABC is 75% of the length of rectangle RSTQ. If the area
of triangle ABC is 12, what is the area of rectangle RSTQ?
40

A tank that has a height of 8 feet and a base that is 2 feet by 2 feet
contains 10 cubic feet of water. If 2 cubic feet of water are added to
the tank, how many inches will the water in the tank rise?
6

If the area of a square is equal to the area of an isosceles right triangle,

what is the ratio of a side of the square to the hypotenuse of the right
triangle?
½

There are 60 people in a room. 2/3 are under 21 years of age, and 2/5
are male. What is the maximum number of females in the room who
can be under 21?
36

If h(x) = x2 + 48, and a is positive number such that h(3a) = 3h(a),

what is the value of a?
4

If f(x) = (x2/9) - 8, and f(6a) = 4a, what is the value of a?

-1 or 2

On a geometry test, the average score for the class was 90. If 20%
scored 100, and 30% scored 80, what was the average score for the
remainder of the class?
92

In the sequence 2001, 2002, 2003, … , each term after the third is found
by subtracting the previous term from the sum of the two terms that
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precede that term. For example, the fourth term is 2001 + 2002 - 2003
= 2000. What is the 2004th term in this sequence?
Answer: 0
2001, 2002, 2003, 2000, 2005, 1998,
it follows that the odd-numbered terms and the even-numbered terms
each form arithmetic progressions with common differences of 2 and -
2, respectively. The 2004th term of the original sequence is the 1002
term of the sequence 2002, 2000, 1998, . . , and that term is 2002+1001(-
2) = 0.

Let 1, 4, … and 9, 16, be two arithmetic progressions. The set S is the

union of the first 2004 terms of each sequence. How many distinct
numbers are in S?
3722

A rectangle with a diagonal of length d is twice as long as it is wide.

What is the area of the rectangle?
2/5 d2

The average (mean) of 20 numbers is 30, and the average of 30 other

numbers is 20. What is the average of all 50 numbers?
Answer: 24
The sum of the 50 numbers is 20 x 30 + 30 x 20 = 1200. Their average is
1200/50 = 24.

Three tiles are marked X and two other tiles are marked O. The five
tiles are randomly arranged in a row. What is the probability that the
arrangement reads XOXOX?
1/10
The three tiles marked X are equally likely to lie in any of 5C3 = 10
positions, so the probability of this arrangement is 1/10.

A wooden cube p units on a side is painted red on all six faces and then
cut
into n3 unit cubes. Exactly one-fourth of the total number of faces of
the unit cubes are red. What is p?
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The unit cubes have a total of 6n3 faces, of which 6n2 are red.
Therefore
¼ = 6n2/6n3 = 1/n ; n = 4

How many three-digit numbers satisfy the property that the middle
digit is the average of the first and the last digits?
45
The first and last digits must be both odd or both even for their
average to be an integer. There are 5 x 5 = 25 odd-odd combinations for
the first and last digits. There are 4 x 5 = 20 even-even combinations
that do not use zero as the first digit. Hence the total is 45.

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is subtracted from the

number. The units digit of the result is 6. How many two-digit
numbers have this property?
10
Let 10a + b be the two-digit number. When a + b is subtracted the
result is 9a. The only two-digit multiple of 9 that ends in 6 is 9 x 4 =
36, so a = 4. The ten numbers between 40 and 49, inclusive, have this
property.

For how many positive integers n does 1 + 2 + . . . + n evenly divide 6n?

5
There are five such positive values of n, namely, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 11

A gallon of paint is used to paint a room. One third of the paint is used
on the first day. On the second day, one third of the remaining paint is
used. What fraction of the original amount of paint is available to use
on the third
day?
4/9

A circle is inscribed in a square, then a square is inscribed in this circle,

and finally, a circle is inscribed in this square. What is the ratio of the
area of the smaller circle to the area of the larger square?
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Pi/8

One fair die has faces 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 and another has faces 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6.

The dice are rolled and the numbers on the top faces are added. What is
the probability that the sum will be odd?
5/9
An odd sum requires either that the first die is even and the second is
odd or that the first die is odd and the second is even. The probability
is
1/3 x1/3 + 2/3 x 2/3 = 5/9

Twelve fair dice are rolled. What is the probability that the product of
the numbers on the top faces is prime?
(1/6)^10
Exactly one die must have a prime face on top, and the other eleven
must have 1's. The prime die can be any one of the twelve, and the
prime can be 2, 3, or 5. Thus the probability of a prime face on any one
die is 1=2, and the probability of a prime product is
12(1/2)(1/6)11 = (1/6)10

The quadratic equation x2 + ax + b = 0 has roots that are twice those of

x2 + cx + a = 0, and none of a, b, and c is zero. What is the value of b/c?
8
a = 2c b = 4a and c = ½ m

Suppose that 4w = 5, 5x = 6, 6y = 7 and 7z = 8. What is wxyz?

3/2

Let m and n be two-digit integers such that n is obtained by reversing

the digits of m. The integers m and n satisfy m2 - n2 = p2 for some
positive integer p. What is m + n + p?
154
M = 65 n = 56 p = 33

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A subset B of the set of integers from 1 to 100, inclusive, has the

property that no two elements of B sum to 125. What is the maximum
possible number of elements in B?
62
Several pairs of numbers from 1 to 100 sum to 125. These pairs are
(25, 100), (26, 99), . . . (62, 63).
Set B can have at most one number from each of these 62 - 25 +1 = 38
pairs. In addition, B can contain
all of the numbers 1; 2, . . . , 24 since these cannot be paired with any
of the available numbers to sum
to 125. So B has at most 38 + 24 = 62 numbers. The set containing the
first 62 positive integers, for
example, is one of these maximum sets.

A digital watch displays hours and minutes with AM and PM. What is
the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?
23
The largest possible sum of the two digits representing the minutes is
5 + 9 = 14, occurring at 59 minutes past each hour. The largest possible
single digit that can represent the hour is 9. This exceeds the largest
possible sum of two digits that can represent the hour, which is 1 + 2 =
3. Therefore, the largest possible sum of all the digits is 14 + 9 = 23,
occurring at 9:59.

How many four-digit positive integers have at least one digit that is a 2
or a 3?
5416
There are 9000 four-digit positive integers. For those without a 2 or 3,
the first digit could be one of the seven numbers 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9,
and each of the other digits could be one of the eight numbers 0, 1, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, or 9. So there are
9000 - 7 x 8 x 8 x 8 = 5416 four-digit numbers with at least one digit
that is a 2 or a 3.

Centers of adjacent faces of a unit cube are joined to form a regular

octahedron. What is the volume of this octahedron?
1/6

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A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the
cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will
choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that
vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices
are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the
bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?
2/243

In a triangle with integer side lengths, one side is three times as long as
a second side, and the length of the third side is 15. What is the
greatest possible perimeter of the triangle?
Let the sides of the triangle have lengths x, 3x, and 15. The Triangle
Inequality implies that 3x < x + 15, so x < 7:5. Because x is an integer,
the greatest possible perimeter is 7 + 21 + 15 = 43.

Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 - mx+2 = 0. Suppose that a +

(1/b) and b + (1/a) are the roots of the equation x2 - px + q = 0. What is
q?
9/2

For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling 1, 2, 3,

4, 5, and 6 on each die are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6. What is the
probability of rolling a total of 7 on the two dice?
8/63

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