Syntax

Clauses and Sentence

BY

LA ODE MUHAMMAD NUR RAHIM (A1M2 17 016)

HIDAYATIL FAJERIAH (A1M2 17 014)
WA ODE ANISA HAKIKI (A1M2 17 030)
WAODE ANIS FITRIAH SALSABILAH (A1M2 17 034)
WA ODE SITTI SAHARA NDOWALI (A1M2 17 032)
DWIANA RAHYUNI (A1M2 17 006)
MUH. KAMARUL ZAMAN (A1M2 17 046)
AHMAD MUSADIQ (A1M2 15 032)
TIFANI HAMLIN (A1M2 15 070)
MUHAMMAD JIHAD (A1M2 15 110)
NURZAKINAH HUDAYAH ANWAR (A1M2 15 118)
SRI SEPTIANA

ENGLISH EDUCATION MAJORS

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONS FACULTY
HALU OLEO UNIVERSITY
KENDARI
2018
 CLAUSES AND SENTENCE

1. Clause
A clause is made up of a subject and a verb. Depending on the
type, clauses can sometimes act as a sentence.
Classification by Clause Structure
1) A simple sentence consists of one main clause and no subordinate
clauses.
2) A compound sentence consists of two or more main clauses and no
subordinate clauses. The main clauses may be joined by a
coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so, or yet) and a
comma; by a semicolon; by a semicolon and a transitional word
(however, nevertheless, therefore); or by a correlative con-junction
such as either/or, both/and.
3) A complex sentence consists of one main clause and one or more
subordinate clauses.
4) A compound-complex sentence consists of two or more main
clauses and at least one subordinate clause.

2. Types of Clauses

1) Independent Clause
An independent clause has a subject and a verb, expresses a
complete thought, and can stand alone as a complete sentence
because it doesn't depend on anything else to complete the thought.
Examples:
a) Martha Jackson was a remarkable woman.
b) The cat clawed its way to the top of the tree.

Comnas join in independent clause

Independent clauses can be written as individual sentences,
or they can be joined as one sentence. One way to join them is by
 using a comma and coordinating conjunction after the first
independent clause. Two or more independent clauses joined by a
coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, yet, or so) make up
a compound sentence.
Examples:
a. Dan wrote a research paper on motivation. He submitted it
for publication. (Two independent clauses.)
b. Dan wrote a research paper on motivation, and he
submitted it for publication. (Compound sentence. The
same two independent clauses are joined by a comma
and the coordinating conjunction and.)

2) Dependent Clause
A dependent clause has a subject and a verb but cannot
stand alone grammatically. A dependent clause is dependent
because its connecting word (because, if, so, which, that, etc.) links
it to an independent clause. A dependent clause can function as a
noun, adjective, or adverb.
Examples:
a) I know that wheat grows in Kansas. (noun)
b) The car which rolled over the cliff was a pink Cadillac.
(adjective)
c) He retired early because he had made so much money.
(adverb)

3) Noun Clause
A noun clause is a dependent clause. Noun clauses can
begin with "wh- question" words (what, which, when, where, who,
whom) and question words like (how, if, that).
Examples:
a) She does not know what we are talking about.
b) That you killed a dog became big news in the city
 4) Adjective Clause
An adjective clause is a dependent clause. An adjective
clause modifies a noun or a pronoun. An adjective clause begins
with who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where, why and
follows the word it modifies.
Examples:
a) My father, who taught at university, never forgets to
prepare his material.
b) The school, where I studied there several years is closed
for some days.

5) Adverb Clause
An adverb clause is a dependent clause. An adverb clause
modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a sentence.
Adverb clauses always begin with a subordinator. The subordinator
is a connecting word which explains the relationship between the
adverb clause and main clause. It tells the reader what kind of
information is added by the adverb clause. The following
subordinators are often used to begin adverb clauses: after, before,
though, whatever, although, because, since, and others.
Examples :
a) He always clens his hands, before he goes to eat
something.
b) Since they moved to another city. I never saw each other
anymore.
3. Sentence
Every sentence must have at least one independent clause. A sentence
begins with a capital letter and ends with a period (“.”):
1) A simple sentencehas one independent clause:
Example : He likes playing gamesall afternoon and evening
2) A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses
joined by a conjunction such as “and” or “but”, or joined by a
semicolon (“;”):
Example :
a) He likes playing games all afternoon and evening, but his
mother wants him to study.
b) He likes eating at McDonald’s; his favorites foodsare
French fries and chicken

3) Acompound complex sentence

A compound sentence is made of two simple sentences
joined by a conjunction. A complex sentence is made of a simple
sentence and a dependent, or subordinate, clause (has a subject and
a verb but does not express a complete thought.So, a compound
complex sentence is made up of more than one sentence joined by
a conjunction, and at least one of those sentence is complex. In
other words, it is a compound sentence with a dependent, or
subordinate clause.
Examples of Compound Complex Sentences:
a) When I grow up, I want to be a ballerina, and my mom is
proud of me.
b) I will get to watch television, but first, I have to clean up
the dishes after we finish eating.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://gawron.sdsu.edu/syntax/.../7.1-clauseCPTPDP.pdf
Miller, Jim. An Introduction to English Syntax.Endiburgh University
Presshttp://www.southcoastliteracy.com/Clauses%20and%20Phrases.pdf