HARDNESS TESTS (as CaCO3 )

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

CALCIUM HARDNESS
15 mL *Sodium Hydroxide Reagent w/Metal Inhibitors *4259-E
50 Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablets T-5250-H 1 Fill tube (4488) to line 2
15 mL *Hardness Reagent #5 *4483-E with water sample.
Equivalence
100 Hardness Reagent #6 Tablets 4484-J Line (ppm per drop)
60 mL Hardness Reagent #7 4487WT-H
Add 6 drops of
Upper 1 drop = 10 ppm *Sodium Hydroxide
1 Test Tube, w/cap 4488 Lower 1 drop = 20 ppm Reagent (4259)
1 Pipet, 0.5 mL, plastic 0353 and swirl to mix.

TOTAL HARDNESS 3 Add 1 Calcium Hardness 4 Sample6will turn Red if

Indicator Tablet (T-5250) Hardness is present.
1 Fill tube (4488) to the line with 2 and swirl to dissolve tablet. Proceed to next step.
sample water. If sample is Blue, Calcium
Equivalence Hardness is 0 ppm.
Line (ppm per drop) Add 5 drops of
Upper 1 drop = 10 ppm *Hardness Reagent
#5 (4483) and swirl
Lower 1 drop = 20 ppm
to mix.
5 Hold the Hardness Reagent #7 (4487WT)
vertically to add one drop at a time
(swirling and counting after each drop)
3 Add 1 Hardness 4 Sample will turn6Red if Hardness until color changes completely from Red
Reagent #6 Tablet is present. Proceed to next step. to Blue and remains for 30 seconds.
(4484) and swirl to If sample is Blue, Total Hardness Brush and rinse tube promptly after testing.
dissolve tablet. is 0 ppm.

6 Multiply number of drops: If the calcium hardness is greater than 500 ppm,
5 Hold the Hardness Reagent #7 (4487WT) Upper line multiply x 10 use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to transfer 1.0 mL
vertically to add one drop at a time Lower line multiply x 20 (two measures) of the water sample to the
(swirling and counting after each drop) test tube (4488). Fill tube to 10 ppm line with
Record as ppm CALCIUM distilled water. Follow Steps 2 through
until color changes completely from Red Hardness (CaCO3 ppm). 5. Multiply the number of drops by 86.
to Blue and remains for 30 seconds.
To convert to calcium
Brush and rinse tube promptly after testing. (Ca+2) multiply the test
result by 0.4.
6 Multiply number of drops: If the total hardness is greater than 500 ppm,
MAGNESIUM HARDNESS
Upper line multiply x 10 use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to transfer
Lower line multiply x 20 0.5 mL of the water sample to the test tube TOTAL Hardness value____minus CALCIUM Hardness value ____=
(4488). Fill tube to 10 ppm line with distilled
Record as TOTAL water. Follow Steps 2 through 5. Multiply the MAGNESIUM Hardness (CaCO3 ppm)
Hardness (CaCO3 ppm) number of drops by 172. To convert to magnesium (Mg+2) multiply the test result by 0.24.
 CHLORIDE TEST SULFATE TEST

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE Q U A N T IT Y C O N TE N TS C ODE

15 mL *Chloride Reagent A *4069-E 50 *Sulfate Turb Tablets *6456-H

30 mL *Silver Nitrate, 0.171N *3824WT-G 1 Test Tube, 5-10-25 mL, plastic, w/cap 0715
1 Test Tube, 5-10-25 mL, plastic, w/cap 0715 1 Sulfate Color Chart 7188-01-CC

CHLORIDE SULFATE

1 Fill tube (0715) to the line 2 3

with sample water.
1 2
Sample Equivalence
Size (ppm per drop) Fill test tube (0715) Add 1 *Sulfate
25 mL 1 drop = 10 ppm to 5 mL line with Turb Tablet (6456).
Add 5 drops of Chloride sample water.
10 mL 1 drop = 25 ppm Reagent A (4069) and
swirl to mix. Solution will
turn Yellow.

3 4 6 3 4 6
Hold the *Silver Nitrate, 0.171N (3824WT)
vertically to add one drop at a time
(swirling and counting after each drop),
until color changes completely from Yellow to
Orange-brown and remains for 30 seconds.
Brush and rinse tube promptly after testing.
Cap and shake until Immediately place the bottom of
4 Multiply number of drops: tablet disintegrates. the tube on a black TARGET on
25 mL multiply x 10 the color chart. Look down through
Remove the cap. the tube at the target under the
10 mL multiply x 25 tube. Compare the grayness of the
Record as ppm Chloride. target to the GRAY scale on the left
to determine the RESULT in ppm.
Brush and rinse tube promptly after testing.
5 If the sample is more turbid than the 200 ppm target, ll a clean
tube to the 5 mL line with sample. Fill to the 10 mL line with distilled
water. Mix. Repeat the test with 5 mL of this diluted sample.
Multiply the result by 2.
Thoroughly brush and rinse tubes immediately after each use.
 ALKALINITY TEST (as CaCO3 ) SODIUM (by calculation)

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

Since water has a neutral charge, the total number of negatively charged
anions must equal the total number of positively charged cations. Six ions
15 mL Total Alkalinity Indicator 2786-E typically make up 98% of the total ions so the sodium concentration can be
30 mL *Sulfuric Acid, 0.12N *7748WT-G estimated by testing for the ve other ions.
1 Test Tube, 5-10-25 mL, plastic, w/cap 0715

Negative Ions

TOTAL ALKALINITY
Chloride (ppm) + Sulfate (ppm) + Alkalinity (ppm as CaCO3) =A
1 Fill tube (0715) to the line 2 3
with sample water. 35 48 50
Sample Equivalence
Size (ppm per drop) Positive Ions
Add 3 drops of Total
25 mL 1 drop = 10 ppm
Alkalinity Indicator
10 mL 1 drop = 25 ppm (2786) and swirl
to mix. Solution will Total Hardness (ppm as CaCO3) =B
turn Green. 50

3 4 6
Sodium (ppm) = (A – B) X 23
Hold the *Sulfuric Acid, 0.12N (7748WT)
vertically to add one drop at a time
(swirling and counting after each drop), until
color changes completely from Green to Red and
remains for 30 seconds. NOTE: The Total Hardness result incorporates two ions - calcium hardness
and magnesium hardness.
Brush and rinse tube promptly after testing.

4 Multiply number of drops: Rinse tube promptly after testing.

25 mL multiply x 10 To convert to bicarbonate (HCO3)
multiply the test result by 1.2
10 mL multiply x 25

Record as ppm Total Alkalinity (CaCO3 ppm).

RESIDUAL ALKALINITY
Residual Alkalinity =
Total Alkalinity - [Calcium Hardness + (Magnesium Hardness X 0.5)]
3.5
All values are as ppm CaCO3