6.
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
1. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line
with velocity v = ax3/2 where a = 5 m–1/2 s–1. The
work done by the net force during its displacement
from x = 0 to x = 2 m is
(a) 1.5 J (b) 50 J (c) 10 J (d) 100 J
2. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and
the other steep meet at A from where two stones
are allowed to slide down from rest, one on each
track as shown in figure.
 C. What is the ratio of the kinetic energies of the
 
 (a) 1 : 2
 

 1800 kg (elevator + passengers) is moving up with
Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) Both the stones reach the bottom at the same
time but not with the same speed.
(b) Both the stones reach the bottom with the
same speed and stone I reaches the bottom
earlier than stone II.
(c) Both the stones reach the bottom with the
same speed and stone II reaches the bottom
earlier than stone I.
(d) Both the stones reach the bottom at different
times and with different speeds.
3. A block of mass m = 1 kg moving on a horizontal
surface with speed vi = 2 m s–1 enters a rough
patch ranging from x = 0.10 m to x = 2.01 m. The
retarding force Fr on the block in this range is
inversely proportional to x over this range,
k upwards with a speed of 20 m s–1. After how much
Fr = − for 0.1 < x < 2.01 m
x
= 0 for x < 0.1 m and x > 2.01 m
where k = 0.5 J. What is the final kinetic energy of
the block as it crosses this patch?
(a) 0.5 J (b) 1.5 J (c) 2.0 J (d) 2.5 J
4. Two billiard balls A and B, each of mass 50 g
and moving in opposite directions with speed of
5 m s–1 each, collide and rebound with the same
speed. The impulse imparted to each ball is
(a) 0.25 kg m s–1 (b) 0.5 kg m s–1
(c) 0.1 kg m s–1 (d) 0.125 kg m s–1
5. A bob of mass m is suspended 
by a light string of length L. It is
imparted a horizontal velocity v0 

at the lowest point A such that it

completes a semicircular trajectory 
in the vertical plane with the string   
becoming slack only on reaching the topmost point,
mass at point B and point C?
(b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
6. An elevator can carry a maximum load of
a constant speed of 2 m s–1. The frictional force
opposing the motion is 4000 N. What is minimum
power delivered by the motor to the elevator ?
(a) 22 kW (b) 44 kW (c) 88 kW (d) 8 kW
7. In figure, the coefficient of

friction between the floor
and the block B is 0.1. The  
coefficient of friction between
the blocks B and A is 0.2. The mass of A is m/2 and
that of B is m. What is the maximum horizontal
force F can be applied to the block B so that two
blocks move together?
(a) 0.15mg (b) 0.05mg (c) 0.1mg (d) 0.45mg
8. A person in an elevator accelerating upwards with
an acceleration of 2 m s–2, tosses a coin vertically
time will the coin fall back into his hand?
(Take g = 10 m s–2)
(a) 1.67 s (b) 2 s (c) 3.33 s (d) 5 s
9. A 100 kg gun fires a ball of 1 kg horizontally from
a cliff of height 500 m. It falls on the ground at a
distance of 400 m from the bottom of the cliff. Find
the recoil velocity of the gun. (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(a) 0.2 m s–1 (b) 0.4 m s–1
(c) 0.6 m s–1 (d) 0.8 m s–1
10. Figure shows (x, t), (y, t) diagram of a particle 15. Two stones of masses m and 2m are whirled in
moving in 2-dimensions. r
horizontal circles, the heavier one in a radius
  2

 
 and the lighter one in radius r. The tangential speed
 of lighter stone is n times that of the value of heavier

 
stone when they experience equal centripetal force.
  The value of n is
  (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
       
  
If the particle has a mass of 500 g, the force acting 16. A plank with a box on it
on the particle is at one end is gradually
raised about the other
(a) 1 N along y-axis 
end. As the angle of
(b) 1 N along x-axis 
inclination with the
(c) 0.5 N along x-axis
horizontal reaches 30°, the box starts to slip and
(d) 0.5 N along y-axis
slides 4.0 m down the plank in 4.0 s. The coefficients
11. A circular racetrack of radius 300 m is banked at an of static and kinetic friction between the box and
angle of 15°. If the coefficient of friction between the plank will be, respectively (Take g = 10 m s–2)
the wheels of a racing car and the road is 0.2, what is (a) 0.5 and 0.6 (b) 0.4 and 0.3
the maximum permissible speed to avoid slipping? (c) 0.6 and 0.6 (d) 0.6 and 0.5
(Take tan15° = 0.27)
(a) 18.2 m s–1 (b) 28.2 m s–1 17. A rocket is fired vertically from the earth with
–1
(c) 38.2 m s (d) 48.2 m s–1 an acceleration of 2g, where g is the gravitational
12. A block of mass 4 kg is kept on a rough horizontal acceleration. On an inclined plane inside the rocket,
surface. The coefficient of static friction is 0.8. If a making an angle θ with the horizontal, a point
force of 19 N is applied on the block parallel to the object of mass m is kept. The minimum coefficient
floor, then the force of friction between the block of friction μmin between the mass and the inclined
surface such that the mass does not move is
and floor is
(a) tan 2θ (b) tanθ (c) 3tanθ (d) 2tanθ
(a) 32 N (b) 18 N (c) 19 N (d) 9.8 N
13. A particle of mass 10 g moves along a circle of radius
18. A particle of mass m is acted upon by a force F
6.4 cm with a constant tangential acceleration. What
R
is the magnitude of this acceleration if the kinetic given by the empirical law F = v(t ) . If this law
energy of the particle becomes equal to 8 × 10–4 J by t2
is to be tested experimentally by observing the
the end of the second revolution after the beginning
motion starting from rest, the best way is to plot
of the motion?
1
(a) 0.18 m s–2 (b) 0.2 m s–2 (a) log v(t) against (b) v(t) against t2
t
(c) 0.1 m s–2 (d) 0.15 m s–2
1
(c) log v(t) against (d) log v(t) against t
t2
14. A body of mass 1 kg begins to move under the
action of a time dependent force F = (2ti + 3t 2 j) N, 19. A point particle of 
where i and j are unit vectors along x and y axis. mass m, moves along
What power will be developed by the force at the the uniformly rough
 


time t? track PQR as shown
(a) (2t3 + 3t4) W (b) (2t3 + 3t5) W in the figure. The  
(c) (2t2 + 3t3) W (d) (2t2 + 4t4) W coefficient of friction 

 
between the particle 

 and the rough track is μ. The particle is released, from and mgh = mv22
1
...(ii)
rest, from the point P and it comes to rest at a point 2
R. The energies, lost by the ball, over the parts, PQ From (i) and (ii), we get v1 = v2
and QR, of the track, are equal to each other, and no As it is clear from the figure, acceleration of the two
energy is lost when particle changes direction from stones are a1 = gsinθ1 and a2 = gsinθ2.
PQ to QR. The values of the coefficient of friction μ As θ2 > θ1 ∴ a2 > a1
and the distance x (= QR) are, respectively close to v
From v = u + at = 0 + at or t =
(a) 0.2 and 6.5 m (b) 0.2 and 3.5 m a
1
(c) 0.29 and 3.5 m (d) 0.29 and 6.5 m As t ∝ , and a2 > a1 ∴ t2 < t1
a
Stone II will take lesser time and reach the bottom
20. A person trying to lose weight by burning fat
lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 earlier than stone I.
times. Assume that the potential energy lost each 3. (a) : Here, m = 1 kg, vi = 2 m s–1, k = 0.5 J
time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much Initial kinetic energy,
fat will he use up considering the work done
1 1
only when the weight is lifted up? Fat supplies K i = mvi2 = × (1 kg )(2 m s −1 )2 = 2 J
3.8 × 107 J of energy per kg which is converted 2 2
to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. Work done by retarding force
(a) 2.45 × 10–3 kg (b) 6.45 × 10–3 kg 2.01
− dx = −k [ ln x ]0.1
k
W = ∫ Fr dx = ∫
2.01
(c) 9.89 × 10–3 kg (d) 12.89 × 10–3 kg
x
0.1

SOLUTIONS ⎛ 2.01 ⎞
= −k ln ⎜
⎝ 0.1 ⎟⎠
= –0.5 ln(20.1) = –1.5 J
1. (b) : Given : v = ax3/2 where, a = 5 m–1/2 s–1
According to work-energy theorem
dv dv dx dv ⎛ dx ⎞
Accelrartion = = ⋅ =v ⎜⎝∵ v = ⎟⎠ W = Kf – Ki
dt dx dt dx dt
As v2 = a2x3 or Kf = W + Ki = – 1.5 J + 2 J = 0.5 J
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
4. (b) :  5 m s–1 5 m s–1 
dv 3 2 2 Before collision
∴ 2v = 3a2 x 2 or, Acceleration = a x
dx 2 5 m s–1   5 m s–1
3
Force, F = Mass × Acceleration = ma2x2 Aer collision
2 Initial momentum of ball A = (0.05 kg)(5 m s–1)
2
3
Work done, W = ∫ Fdx = ∫ ma2 x 2 dx = 0.25 kg m s–1
2
0 As the speed is reversed on collision,
2
3 ⎡ x3 ⎤ 3 8 Final momentum of the ball A
W = ma2 ⎢ ⎥ = × 0.5 × 52 × = 50 J = (0.05 kg)(–5 m s–1) = – 0.25 kg m s–1
2 ⎣ 3 ⎦0 2 3
Impulse imparted to the ball A
2. (c) :
= Change in momentum of ball A
= Final momentum – Initial momentum
= – 0.25 kg m s–1 – 0.25 kg m s–1= – 0.5 kg m s–1
Similarly,
Impulse imparted to ball B
According to law of conservation of mechanical = (0.25 kg m s–1) – (– 0.25 kg m s–1)
energy, = 0.5 kg m s–1
PE at the top = KE at the bottom Impulse imparted to each ball is 0.5 kg m s–1 in
1 magnitude. The two impulses are opposite in
∴ mgh = mv12 ...(i)
2 direction.
5. (c) Negative sign shows that the direction of recoil of
6. (b) : Here, m = 1800 kg the gun is opposite to that of the ball.
Frictional force, f = 4000 N 10. (a) : Since the graph between x and t is a straight
Uniform speed, v = 2 m s–1 line and passing through the origin.
Downward force on elevator is ∴ x=t
F = mg + f Since the graph between y and t is a parabola.
= (1800 kg × 10 m s–2) + 4000 N = 22000 N ∴ y = t2
The motor must supply enough power to balance
dx dv
this force. Hence, ∴ vx = = 1 and ax = x = 0
P = Fv = (22000 N)(2 m s–1) dt dt
= 44000 W = 44 × 103 W = 44 kW dy
and v y = = 2t and ay = 2 m s–2
m dt
7. (d) : Here, mA = , mB = m  The force acting on the particle is
2 

μA = 0.2, μB = 0.1 F = may = (0.5 kg)(2 m s–2)
 
Let both the blocks are = 1 N along y-axis
moving with common acceleration a. Then, 11. (c) : Here R = 300 m, θ = 15°, g = 9.8 m s–2,
μ m g μ = 0.2
a = A A = μA g = 0.2 g
mA The maximum permissible speed is given by
and F – μB(mB + mA)g = (mB + mA)a Rg (μ + tan θ) 300 × 9.8 × (0.2 + 0.27)
vmax = =
F = (mB + mA)a + μB(mB + mA)g 1 − μ tan θ 1 − 0.2 × 0.27
⎛ m⎞ ⎛ m⎞ = 38.2 m s–1
= ⎜ m + ⎟ (0.2 g ) + (0.1) ⎜ m + ⎟ g
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
12. (c) :  
= ⎛⎜ m ⎟⎞ (0.2 g ) + ⎛⎜ m ⎞⎟ (0.1g ) =
3 3 0. 9
mg = 0.45 mg
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2
Here, m = 4 kg, F = 19 N, μS = 0.8
8. (c) : Here, v = 20 m s–1, a = 2 m s–2, g = 10 m s–2 The limiting force of friction,
The coin will fall back into the person’s hand after f = μSmg = 0.8 × 4 × 10 = 32 N
t s. As applied force F < f , therefore, block does not
2v 2 × 20 m s −1 40 10
∴ t= = = s= s = 3.33 s move. Further as static friction is self adjusting,
a + g (2 + 10) m s −2 12 3 therefore, frictional force = 19 N.
9. (b) : Here, 13. (c) : Here, m = 10 g = 10–2 kg,
Mass of the gun, M = 100 kg R = 6.4 cm = 6.4 × 10–2 m, Kf = 8 × 10–4 J
Mass of the ball, m = 1 kg Ki = 0, at = ?
Height of the cliff, h = 500 m, g = 10 m s–2
Using work energy theorem,
Time taken by the ball to reach the ground is
Work done by all the forces = Change in KE
2h 2 × 500 m Wtangential force + Wcentripetal force = Kf – Ki
t= = = 10 s
g 10 m s −2 ⇒ Ft × s + 0 = Kf – 0 ⇒ mat × (2 × 2πR) = Kf
Horizontal distance covered = ut; where u is the Kf 8 × 10−4
velocity of the ball ⇒ at = =
22
× 6.4 × 10−2 × 10−2
∴ 400 = u × 10 4πRm
4×
u = 40 m s–1 7
According to law of conservation of linear = 0.099 ≈ 0.1 m s–2
momentum, we get 14. (b) : Here, F = (2ti + 3t 2 j) N, m =1 kg
0 = Mv + mu
2
mu (1 kg )(40 m s −1 ) F (2ti + 3t j) N
v=− =− = − 0.4 m s −1 Acceleration of the body, a = =
M 100 kg m 1 kg
 Velocity of the body at time t, 17. (b) : Since the rocket is
( ) ( )


v = ∫ adt = ∫ 2ti + 3t 2 j dt = t 2 i + t 3 j m s −1 moving vertically upwards


with acceleration 2g,
∴ Power developed by the force at time t, therefore the apparent
P = F ⋅ v = (2ti + 3t 2 j) (⋅t 2 i + t 3 j) W acceleration experienced   

= (2t3 + 3t5) W by the point object is 

15. (c) : Let v be tangential speed of heavier stone. g + 2g = 3g vertically downwards.

Then, centripetal force experienced by lighter stone From the figure, N = 3mg cosθ
Point object does not move on inclined surface,
m(nv )2
is (Fc )lighter = μN = 3mgsinθ
r or μ 3mg cosθ = 3mg sinθ or μ = tanθ
2 mv 2
and that of heavier stone is (Fc )heavier =
(r / 2) R
18. (a) : Here, F = v(t )
But (Fc)lighter = (Fc)heavier (given) t2
⎛ 2⎞ dv R dv R dt
m(nv )2 2mv 2 2 ⎛ mv 2 ⎞ ⇒ m = v(t ) ⇒ =
∴ = ;n ⎜ ⎟ = 4 ⎜ mv ⎟ dt t 2 v(t ) m t 2
r (r / 2) ⎝ r ⎠ ⎝ r ⎠
Integrating both sides,
n2 = 4 or n = 2
dv R dt
⇒ log v = − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎜⎛ ⎞⎟ + C
∫ v(t ) = m ∫ t 2 R 1
16. (d) : Let μs and μk be the coefficients of static and
⎝m⎠⎝t ⎠
kinetic friction between the box and the plank
⎛1⎞
respectively. Graph between log v and ⎜ ⎟ is a straight line.
⎝t ⎠
When the angle of inclination θ reaches 30°, the
block just slides, h
19. (c) : Here, PQ = = 2h = 4 m
1 sin 30°
∴ μ s = tan θ = tan 30° = = 0.6
3 QR = x = ?, μ = ?
 
If a is the acceleration
produced in the block,  
then  

ma = mgsinθ – f k   
= mgsinθ – μkN 
(where f k is force of kinetic friction as f k = μkN)
a = g(sinθ – μkcosθ) (as N = mgcosθ)
Energy of the particle is lost only due to friction
As g = 10 m s and θ = 30°
–2
between the track and the particle.
∴ a = (10 m s–2)(sin30° – μkcos30°) ...(i)
According to the question,
If s is the distance travelled by the block in time t,
Energy lost by the particle over the part PQ =
then
Energy lost by the particle over the part QR
1 2s
s = at 2 (as u = 0) or a = or, f × PQ = f ′ × QR
2 t2 or, μ mg cos 30° × 4 = μ mg x
But s = 4.0 m and t = 4.0 s (given)
2(4.0 m) 1
∴ a= 2
= m s −2 or, x = 4 cos 30° = 4 3 = 2 3 m ≈ 3.5 m
( 4. 0 s ) 2 2
Substituting this value of a in eqn. (i), we get Using work energy theorem for the motion of the
1 ⎛ ⎞ particle, mgh – (f × PQ) – f ′(QR) = 0 – 0
m s −2 = (10 m s −2 ) ⎜ 1 − μk 3 ⎟ or mgh – 2 f ′(QR) = 0 or, mgh – 2μmg x = 0
2 ⎝2 2 ⎠
1 1 9 h 2
= 1 − 3 μk or 3 μk = 1 − = = 0.9 ∴ μ= = = 0.288 ≈ 0.29
10 10 10 2x 2 × 2 3
0 .9 20. (d)
μk = = 0.5
3