RADAR MAPPING USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR

PROJECT REPORT

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Submitted for the course: CONTROL SYSTEMS(ECE2010)

By:

NAME REG. NO.

Y NARAYANA 17BEC0424
A L P ABHIRAM 17BEC0578
S V NAVEEN 17BEC0532

Slot: B2+TB2

Faculty: Prof. MALAYA KUMAR HOTA

ABSTRACT

RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a way to detect and study far off
targets by transmitting a radio pulse in the direction of the target and observing
the reflection of the wave. Now a day’s RADAR systems are widely used to
detect obstacles. They are used to detect enemy aircrafts, missiles, ships etc. and
also they are used to determine the altitude of the planes and clouds from the
ground, controlling planes at airports. We aim to make a RADAR system by
mounting a HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor on a servo motor to provide a 160
degree scan of the environment. The process being controlled and data collected
using an Arduino which forwards it to Processor for the actual processing.
Using Processorwe can easily plot the RADAR.

INTRODUCTION:

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project,

and user community that designs and manufactures single-board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world. It is
a microcontroller on which we upload a set code to execute. The code controls
the other components. The Arduino used here is the Arduino Uno, it can
communicate with the computer over a serial port.
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
An Ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an object by
using sound waves (or rather ultrasonic waves at 40 kHz frequency). It
measures distance by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency and
listening for that sound wave to bounce back. By recording the elapsed time
between the sound wave being generated and the sound wave bouncing back, it
is possible to calculate the distance between the sonar sensor and the object.
Here we are using a HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor. Since it is known that sound
travels through air at about 344 m/s (1129 feet/s), you can take the time for the
sound wave to return and multiply it by 344 meters (or 1129 feet) to find the
total round-trip distance of the sound wave.
Servo Motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with
great precision. If you want to rotate an object at some specific angles or
distance, then you use servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which
runs through servo mechanism. If motor used is DC powered, then it is called a
DC servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor, then it is called an AC servo
motor. We can get a very high torque servo motor in small and light weight
packages.

Working Principle:

First the ultrasonic sensor connected to the Arduino board is controlled and a
pulse of ultrasonic wave is sent. The sensor then listens for any reflected wave
that might come back from an obstacle. Arduino notes this time interval
between pulse sent and echo received and calculates and stores this data. It also
stores at what angle this data was recorded and then commands the servo to
move to the next position. The board makes the servo increment 1 degree from
0 to 165 and back to 0 continuously in a loop while simultaneously recording
ultrasonic data in centimeters. This data is sent over to the serial port and is
picked up by the Processor software and after further processing it plots and
updates the RADAR plot.

Applications

 Detecting and counting planes is very important in analyzing air traffic

patterns. Processor can be used to detect objects and counting them so as
to derive a changing air traffic pattern.
Processor can be used to plan a trajectory and guide objects in that
specified path avoiding all obstacles in space.
 RADAR can be used to scan the physical structure of an object and Processor
can be used to detect cracks and defects in the object.
 This project can be extended by using ranger finders which can detect
the obstacle presence from a longer distance and also helps in increasing
the efficiency of the system.
 We can interface a stepper motor to the microcontroller and mount the
sensor onto it thus enabling the radar to make rotations of higher resolution
enabling the use of a better ultrasonic sensor.
 It is also possible to implement live object tracking or intrusion detection by
applying a suitable algorithm after making an initial scan of the static
surrounding. Result We successfully made a RADAR system which can detect
intrusions and plot the surrounding environment. This the data arduino sends
over the serial port for Processor to read

Result
We successfully made a RADAR system which can detect intrusions and plot
the surrounding environment